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Evaluation of rainfall threshold models for debris flow initiation in the Jiangjia Gully,Yunnan Province,China

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1799-1813页

作者： YANG Hongjuan zhang shaojie.hu kaiheng WEI Fangqiang LIU Yanhui State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Chongqing School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring Beijing 100081China

Systematically determining the discriminatory power of various rainfall properties and their combinations in identifying debris flow occurrence is crucial for early warning *** this study,we evaluated the discriminatory power of different univariate and multivariate rainfall threshold models in identifying triggering conditions of debris flow in the Jiangjia Gully,Yunnan Province,*** univariate models used single rainfall properties as indicators,including total rainfall(R_(tot)),rainfall duration(D),mean intensity(I_(mean)),absolute energy(Eabs),storm kinetic energy(E_(s)),antecedent rainfall(R_(a)),and maximum rainfall intensity over various durations(I_(max_dur)).The evaluation reveals that the I_(max_dur)and Eabs models have the best performance,followed by the E_(s),R_(tot),and I_(mean)models,while the D and R_(a)models have poor ***,the I_(max_dur)model has the highest performance metrics at a 40-min *** used logistic regression to combine at least two rainfall properties to establish multivariate threshold *** results show that adding D or R_(a)to the models dominated by Eabs,E_(s),R_(tot),or I_(mean)generally improve their performances,specifically when D is combined with I_(mean)or when R_(a)is combined with Eabs or E_(s).Including R_(a)in the I_(max_dur)model,it performs better than the univariate I_(max_dur)model.A power-law relationship between I_(max_dur)and R_(a)or between Eabs and R_(a)has better performance than the traditional I_(mean)–D model,while the performance of the E_(s)–R_(a)model is *** evaluation reemphasizes the important role of the maximum intensity over short durations in debris flow *** also highlights the importance of systematically investigating the role of R_(a)in establishing rainfall thresholds for triggering debris *** the regional variations in rainfall patterns worldwide,it is necessary to evaluate the findings of this study across diverse watersheds.

关键词： Rainfall threshold Logistic regression Maximum rainfall intensity Absolute energy Antecedent rainfall

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Evidence of ancient rock-ice avalanches along the China-Bhutan Chomolhari Range,and their implications for demise of the summit

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2876-2890页

作者： hu kaiheng zhang Qiyuan LI Pu zhang Xiaopeng LIU Shuang LI Hao Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149China

Large-scale rock-ice avalanches resulting from the interaction of tectonics and climate are characterized with high mobility,huge volumes of sediment,and rapid denudation,being a major agent of landscape evolution in high altitude mountainous ***,the extreme glaciated slope failures often transform into extraordinarily large and mobile debris flows,resulting in disastrous consequences such as sedimentation and *** to a dearth of on-site observation data and experimental data collection,our comprehension of the geomorphic and kinematic characteristics of rock-ice avalanches remains *** we report a cluster of ancient rock-ice avalanches spreading along the Chomolhari range of the China-Bhutan *** integrating remote sensing image interpretation with detailed field investigations,we demonstrate the geomorphic and sedimentary characteristics of four events among the *** estimated volumes of the four are 23.73 Mm³,39.69 Mm³,38.43 Mm³,and 38.25 Mm³,*** presence of pre-existing moraines or alluvial fans constrained their movement,resulting in deposition features such as marginal digitated lobes at higher elevations and large depressed areas in the *** the Savage-hutter theory,we calculate the basal friction angle and travel angle of these ancient rock-ice avalanches that are both less than 10°,affirming the similarity of these avalanches in the study area to those occurring in other *** study significantly contributes to understanding the geomorphic and kinematic characteristics of rock-ice avalanches in high-altitude mountainous regions,providing valuable insights into their response to the disproportionate growth of Himalayan peaks.

关键词： Rock-ice avalanche Himalayas Southern Yadong-Gulu rift Vertical slip-rate Landscape evolution

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Magnetically controllable multimode interference in topological photonic crystals

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 998-1005页

作者： Weiyuan Tang Mudi Wang shaojie Ma Che Ting Chan Shuang zhang New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Department of PhysicsThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina. Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina. Department of Optical Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Topological photonic insulators show promise for applications in compact integrated photonic circuits due to their ability to transport light robustly through sharp *** number of topological edge states relies on the difference between the bulk Chern numbers across the boundary,as dictated by the bulk edge *** interference among multiple topological edge modes in topological photonics systems may allow for controllable functionalities that are particularly desirable for constructing reconfigurable photonic *** this work,we demonstrate magnetically controllable multimode interference based on gyromagnetic topological photonic insulators that support two unidirectional edge modes with different *** successfully achieve controllable power splitting in experiments by engineering multimode interference with the magnetic field intensity or the frequency of *** work demonstrates that manipulating the interference among multiple chiral edge modes can facilitate the advancement of highly efficient and adaptable microwave devices.

关键词： multimode controllable microwave

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An in-situ polymerized interphase engineering for high-voltage allsolid- state lithium-metal batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2687-2692页

作者： Lu Nie shaojie Chen Mengtian zhang Tianyi Gao Yuyao zhang Ran Wei Yining zhang Wei Liu School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute&Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)have attracted great interest due to their promising energy density and strong ***,the interface issues,including large interfacial resistance between electrode and electrolyte and low electrochemical stability of solid-state electrolytes against high-voltage cathodes,have restricted the development of high-voltage ***,we report an ASSLB with stable cycling by adopting a conformal polymer interlayer in-situ formed at the Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)–cathode *** polymer can perfectlyﬁll the voids and create a stable interface contact between LLZTO and *** addition,the electric field across the polymer interlayer is reduced compared with pure solid polymer electrolyte(SPE),which facilitates the electrochemical stability with high-voltage *** all-solid-state Li|LLZTO-SPE|LiFe_(0.4)Mn_(0.6)PO_(4)(LMFP)cells achieve a low interface impedance,high specific capacity,and excellent cycling *** work presents an effective and practical strategy to rationally design the electrode–electrolyte interface for the application of high-voltage ASSLBs.

关键词： all-solid-state lithium batteries interface contact electric field electrochemical stability

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Dynamic-based model for calculating the boulder impact force in debris flow

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1930-1940页

作者： YANG Chaoping zhang shaojie YIN Yueping YANG Hongjuan WEI Fangqiang State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring Beijing 100081China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Chongqing School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China

The boulder impact force in debris flow is generally calculated by static methods such as the cantilever beam ***,these methods cannot describe the dynamic scenario of boulder collision on structures,so the inertia and damping effects of the structures are not involved causing an overestimation on the boulder impact *** order to address this issue,a dynamic-based model for calculating the boulder impact force of a debris flow was proposed in this study,and the dynamic characteristics of a cantilever beam with multiple degrees of freedom under boulder collision were *** using the drop-weight method to simulate boulders within debris flow,seven experiments of drop-weight impacting the cantilever beam were used to calibrate the error of the dynamicbased *** indicate that the dynamic-based model is able to reconstruct the impact force history on the cantilever beam during impact time and the error of dynamic-based model is 15.3%in calculating boulder impact force,significantly outperforming the cantilever beam model’s error of 285%.Therefore,the dynamic-based model can overcome the drawbacks of the static-based models and provide a more reliable theoretical foundation for the engineering design of debris flow control structures.

关键词： Debris flow Impact force Boulder collision Dynamic-based model Engineering design

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Effect of Central Multiphase Microstructure of Thick Plates on Work Hardening and Crack Propagation

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第2期37卷 325-338页

作者： Lei hu Liqin zhang Feng hu Kuan Zheng Guohong zhang Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China Department of Applied Physics Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China Analysis and Testing Center Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China

The effect of multiphase microstructure in the center segregation zones(CSZ)of high-strength steel thick plates on work hardening characteristics and crack initiation/propagation were *** was correlated with deformation damage behavior by using Taylor factor(TF)gradients,kernel average misorientation(KAM),and geometric necessary dislocation(GND)*** results show that the segregation leads to a mixed structure of ferrite(soft phase)and martensite/bainite(hard phase)in the center of the thick *** to the 1/4 thickness(1/4 T)region,grain refinement occurred in the CSZ,with KAM values increasing from 0.24 to 0.49 and a decrease in the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries(>15°)from 77.4 to 51.8%.In the process of deformation,due to the influence of grain refinement and adjacent martensite/bainite,ferrite grains were divided into structural units with different TF *** higher KAM value and GND density at the interface between soft/hard phases resulted in severe work *** addition,the presence of micron-sized inclusions in the CSZ caused local strain concentration and non-continuous deformation of the matrix,which induced crack *** fracture surface showed a mixed mode of brittle cleavage fracture and ductile fracture.

关键词： Thick plate Center segregation zone Multiphase microstructure Taylor factor Crack propagation

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Automated regression test method for scientific computing libraries:Illustration with SPHinXsys

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第3期36卷 466-478页

作者： Bo zhang Chi zhang Xiangyu hu TUM School of Engineering and Design Technical University of MunichMunichGermany

Scientific computing libraries,whether in-house or open-source,have witnessed enormous progress in both engineering and scientific ***,it is important to ensure that modifications to the source code,prompted by bug fixing or new feature development,do not compromise the accuracy and functionality that have been already validated and *** paper introduces a method for establishing and implementing an automatic regression test environment,using the open-source multi-physics library SPHinXsys as an illustrative ***,a reference database for each benchmark test is generated from observed data across multiple *** comprehensive database encapsulates the maximum variation range of metrics for different strategies,including the time-averaged,ensemble-averaged,and dynamic time warping *** accounts for uncertainties arising from parallel computing,particle relaxation,physical instabilities,and ***,new results obtained after source code modifications undergo testing based on a curve-similarity comparison against the reference *** the source code is updated,the regression test is automatically executed for all test cases,providing a comprehensive assessment of the validity of the current *** regression test environment has been successfully implemented in all dynamic test cases within SPHinXsys,including fluid dynamics,solid mechanics,fluid-structure interaction,thermal and mass diffusion,reaction-diffusion,and their multi-physics couplings,and demonstrates robust capabilities in testing different *** is noted that while the current test environment is built and implemented for a particular scientific computing library,its underlying principles are generic and can be easily adapted for use with other libraries,achieving equal effectiveness.

关键词： Scientific computing open-source library verification and validation regression test automatic test environment curve similarity comparison smoothed particle hydrodynamics

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Fracture mechanism of inclusions in thick plate center under tensile loading

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1196-1209页

作者： Lei hu Li-qin zhang Feng hu Guo-hong zhang Kuan Zheng Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Department of Applied Physics Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Analysis and Testing Center Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina

Segregation of solute atoms in the center of thick plates of the tempered steel can cause an inhomogeneous structural transformation and generate micron-sized inclusions,which leads to lamellar tearing of thick plate and decreases the plasticity and *** formation and fragmentation mechanisms of micron-sized inclusions,like MnS and(Nb,Ti)C,in the center of thick plates were investigated by using thermodynamic calculations,finite element simulations,and electron backscatter diffraction characterization *** results show that micron-sized inclusions nucleate and grow in the liquid phase,and under tensile loading,they exhibit three fragmentation *** local stress during the fragmentation of inclusions is lower than the critical fracture stress of adjacent grains,and phase boundaries can effectively impede crack propagation into the *** existence of a low proportion of high-angle grain boundaries(58.1%)and high Kernel average misorientation value(0.534°)in the segregation band promotes inclusions fragmentation and crack *** difference in crack initiation and propagation direction caused by the morphology of inclusions and physical properties,as well as different matrix arrest abilities,is the main reasons for the diversity of inclusion fragmentation.

关键词： Thick plate Inclusion Finite element simulation Critical fracture stress Fracture mechanism

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Effect of samarium doping on the activity and sulfur resistance of Ce/MnFeO_(x) catalyst for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x) by ammonia

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 272-282页

作者： Qiyao zhang Shuangshuang zhang Xu hu Yongmin huang Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

The self-made MnFeO_(x) catalysts doped with cerium and samarium were prepared by impregnation method for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)by *** this work,the surface properties of the series of MnFe-based catalysts were *** results indicate Sm-modified catalyst have superior low-temperature SCR activity;NO_(x) conversion maintained at nearby to 100%at 90℃ to 240℃.In addition,The N_(2) selectivity of Sm doping remains above 80%in the range of 60℃ to 150℃.In SO_(2) poisoning test,the NO_(x) conversion can be remained>90%after 10 h of *** XPS,NH_(3)-TPD and H_(2)-TPR results show the catalyst with Sm doping enhances the acid sites and oxidation catalytic sites of mixed oxides serves for improving oxygen vacancies and transfer *** situ diffuse reflaxions infrared Fourier transformations spectroscopy(DRIFTS)results show that NO_(x) is more easily adsorbed on the surface after Sm doping,which provided favorable conditions for the NH_(3)-SCR reaction to *** reaction at the catalyst surface will follow the L-H reaction mechanism by transient reaction test.

关键词： SCR Sm doping Catalyst Sulfur resistance In situ DRIFTS Selectivity

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High catalytic performance of neodymium modified Co_(3)O_(4) for toluene oxidation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 94-101,I0004页

作者： Yanqiong hu Luyue zhang Jianbei zhang Yongjun Liu School of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization Chengdu610065China

Co-based catalysts are the most promising catalysts in catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Precious metal doping is adopted to improve the catalytic activity of toluene on Co_(3)O_(4) catalysts,but greatly increases its cost along with *** is found that doping a small amount of rare earth(Ce,Pr,Sm and Nd)can dramatically promote the catalytic activity of Co_(3)O_(4).Especially,the Nd-doped Co_(3)O_(4) catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity with a toluene removal rate of 90% at 162.1℃,which is even better than that of Pt-doped Co_(3)O_(4).Compared with other rare earth metal doping,the Nd doping leads to a higher ratio of Co^(3+)/Co^(2+) and has more oxygen *** in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)experiments show that the lattice oxygen of Nd-Co sample can be utilized at a quite low temperature,while that of pure Co_(3)O_(4) cannot engage in oxidation reaction when the temperature is below 200℃,which visually demonstrates the main reason for the improved catalytic performance of Nd-Co catalyst.

关键词： Rare earth metals Nd Co_(3)O_(4) Toluene catalytic oxidation Oxygen vacancy Lattice oxygen

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