Evidence of ancient rock-ice avalanches along the China-Bhutan Chomolhari Range,and their implications for demise of the summit

作     者：HU Kaiheng ZHANG Qiyuan LI Pu ZHANG Xiaopeng LIU Shuang LI Hao HU Kaiheng;ZHANG Qiyuan;LI Pu;ZHANG Xiaopeng;LIU Shuang;LI Hao

作者机构：Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100149China 

出 版 物：《Journal of Mountain Science》 (山地科学学报（英文）)

年 卷 期：2024年第21卷第9期

页      面：2876-2890页

核心收录：

学科分类：070904[理学-构造地质学] 0709[理学-地质学] 07[理学] 0705[理学-地理学] 070501[理学-自然地理学] 

基　　金：funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0902) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91747207,41790434) 

主　　题：Rock-ice avalanche Himalayas Southern Yadong-Gulu rift Vertical slip-rate Landscape evolution 

摘      要：Large-scale rock-ice avalanches resulting from the interaction of tectonics and climate are characterized with high mobility,huge volumes of sediment,and rapid denudation,being a major agent of landscape evolution in high altitude mountainous ***,the extreme glaciated slope failures often transform into extraordinarily large and mobile debris flows,resulting in disastrous consequences such as sedimentation and *** to a dearth of on-site observation data and experimental data collection,our comprehension of the geomorphic and kinematic characteristics of rock-ice avalanches remains *** we report a cluster of ancient rock-ice avalanches spreading along the Chomolhari range of the China-Bhutan *** integrating remote sensing image interpretation with detailed field investigations,we demonstrate the geomorphic and sedimentary characteristics of four events among the *** estimated volumes of the four are 23.73 Mm³,39.69 Mm³,38.43 Mm³,and 38.25 Mm³,*** presence of pre-existing moraines or alluvial fans constrained their movement,resulting in deposition features such as marginal digitated lobes at higher elevations and large depressed areas in the *** the Savage-Hutter theory,we calculate the basal friction angle and travel angle of these ancient rock-ice avalanches that are both less than 10°,affirming the similarity of these avalanches in the study area to those occurring in other *** study significantly contributes to understanding the geomorphic and kinematic characteristics of rock-ice avalanches in high-altitude mountainous regions,providing valuable insights into their response to the disproportionate growth of Himalayan peaks.