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Black-box testing based on colorful taint analysis

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Science china(Information sciences) 2012年第1期55卷 171-183页

作者： CHEN Kai1,2.3,feng dengguo1,SU PuRui1&{2. YingJun1,2.3 1state key Laboratory of Information Security,institute of software,chinese academy of Science,beijing 100190,china 2.3} key Laboratory of Information Security,Graduate University of {12.,beijing 10004.,china 3National Engineering Research Center of Information Security,beijing 100190,china state key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China state key Laboratory of Information Security Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Engineering Research Center of Information Security Beijing China

software vulnerability detection is one of the most important methods for guaranteeing software *** main classes of methods can detect vulnerabilities in {2.ary files:white-box testing and black-box *** former needs to construct and solve path constraints to detect *** has two main drawbacks:path exploding and complexity of *** latter often aimlessly exhausts various inputs to test {2.ary *** paper com{2.es both testing methods to detect vulnerabilities in {2.ary *** analyzing the input elements that aect check condition corresponding to a certain check point,we can generate one class of inputs that get to the check point to increase fuzzing *** analyzing the relationship between guard conditions and check condition,the redundant check points are *** taint analysis method(CTAM)is proposed to compute guard conditions,which is more ecient than traditional taint analysis method(TTAM).We implemented a prototype and made several experiments on *** results showed that our method could increase the eciency of black-box testing.

关键词： software testing vulnerability detection dynamic testing black-box testing colorful taint analysis

Exceptional electrostrain with minimal hysteresis and superior temperature stability under low electric field in KNN-based lead-free piezoceramics

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第3期13卷 364-372页

作者： Huan Liu Yijin Hao Ziqi Yang Tianyi feng bin Su Xin {2. Mengping Xue Bo-Ping {2. Jing-feng Li beijing Municipal key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China state key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Over the past two decades,(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_(3)(KNN)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have made significant ***,attaining a high electrostrain with remarkable temperature stability and minimal hysteresis under low electric fields has remained a significant *** address this long-standing issue,we have employed a collaborative approach that combines defect engineering,phase engineering,and relaxation *** LKNNS-6BZH ceramic,when sintered at T_(sint)=1170℃,demonstrates an impressive electrostrain with a d_(33) value of 0.2.6%and 1379 pm·V^(-1)under 2. kV·cm^(-1),which is comparable to or even surpasses that of other lead-free and Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)***,the electrostrain performance of this ceramic remains stable up to a temperature of 12.℃,with the lowest hysteresis observed at 9.73%under 4. kV·cm^(-1).These excellent overall performances are attributed to the presence of defect dipoles involving V′_(A)-V∙∙_(O) and B′_(Nb)-V∙∙O,the coexistence of R-O-T multiphase,and the tuning of the trade-off between long-range ordering and local *** work provides a lead-free alternative for piezoelectric actuators and a paradigm for designing piezoelectric materials with outstanding comprehensive performance under low electric fields.

关键词： lead-free piezoelectric ceramics temperature stability electrostrain potassium sodium niobate low hysteresis

Dielectric and energy storage properties of PbO–SrO–Nb_(2.O_(5)–Na_(2.O–Si thin films by annealing

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 351-355页

作者： Fei-Hu Tan Qing-Meng zhang feng Wei Hong-{2. Zhao Xiao zhang Jun Du state key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China Advanced Electronic Materials institute General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

Dielectric and energy storage properties of PbOSrO-Na_(2.O-Nb_(2.O_(5)-SiO_(2.(PSNNS) thin films with annealing temperature from 700 to 850 ℃ were investigated by measuring their capacitance-electric filed curve and hysteresis *** results show that the highest dielectric constant and energy density are 81.2.and 17.0 J·cm^(-3),respectively,which is obtained in the sample with annealing temperature of 800 ℃.Annealed from 700 to800 ℃,the dielectric constant and energy storage performance of PSNNS films are continuously ***,with annealing temperature up to 850 ℃,their dielectric constant decreases,which might be related with the removal of interfacial defects as a function of annealing *** is one of the causes of space charge phenomenon,resulting in the increase in dielectric ***,the micro structure analysis by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) indicates that the change of crystallization phase and interfacial polarization takes responsibility to the results.

关键词： Thin film Pulse laser deposition Annealing temperature Energy storage density

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a grain size QTL in the smallgrain sterile rice line Zhuo2.1S

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2155-2163页

作者： bin Lei Jiale Shao feng {2. Jian Wang Yunhua Xiao Zhijun Cheng Wenbang Tang Jianmin Wan College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China National key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/institute of Crop {2. Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China state key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China state key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Hunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha 410125China

The development and application of the small-grain rice sterile line Zhuo2.1S(Z2.1S)has demonstrated its potential for mechanized hybrid rice seed production,leading to significant cost ***,the molecular mechanism responsible for the small-grain size characteristic of Z2.1S remains *** this study,we conducted a genetic analysis using near-isogenic lines constructed from Z2.0S,a small-grain rice sterile line,and R2.15,a normal-grain *** results revealed that the small-grain trait in Z2.1S is governed by a single partially dominant gene which also enhances grain *** mapping,we localized the causal gene to the short arm of chromosome 2.within a 113 kb physical region delimited by the molecular markers S2.4.1 and *** analysis and gene expression assays indicated LOC_Os02.14.60 as the most likely candidate gene,suggesting that the small-grain size trait of Z2.1S is controlled by a novel locus that has not been previously identified.

关键词： rice grain size map-based cloning

Topologically engineering of π-conjugated macrocycles: Tunable emission and photochemical reaction toward multi-cyclic polymers

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chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 233-240页

作者： Yi Liu Peng Lei Yang feng Shiwei Fu Xiaoqing Liu Siqi zhang {2. Tu Chen Chen Yifan Li Lei Wang Qing-Dao Zeng Shenzhen key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China CAS key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience andTechnology(NCNST)Beijing100190China institute of Critical Materials for Integrated Circuits Shenzhen Polytechnic UniversityShenzhen 518055China

The topology of conjugated macrocycles had significant impacts on their photo-physical and photochemical ***,a series ofπ-conjugated macrocycles with diverse topology were synthesized via intramolecular McMurry *** chemical structure and macrocyclic topology were unambiguously confirmed via NMR,MALDI-TOF mass spectra,crystal analysis and scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).Depending on the structural topology and structural rigidity,these cyclic compounds display obviously distinctive emission behavior and photochemical reactions in the solution and in the solid *** phenylene vinylene macrocycle(denoted as MST)exhibiting aggregation-induced emission behavior,was more vulnerable to photo-cyclization in solution and triplet sensitizer promoted photodimerization due to lower strain and more flourishing intramolecular *** UV light irradiation,relatively more flexible MST could yield the anti-dimer via triplet excimer on the HOPG surface confirmed by STM *** contrast,highly constrained bicyclic analogue(named as DMTPE)with central tetraphenylethene core,displayed high emission quantum yields of 68%both in solution and in the solid state,and was relatively inert to photochemical reactions and yield syn-dimer on the surface via singlet excimer involved[2.2.*** on the solution-mediated photo-polymerization of MST moiety,multicyclic porous carbon-rich ribbon connected with four-membered ring was successfully constructed and validated via STM imaging.

关键词： Conjugated macrocycle Scanning tunneling microscopy Aggregation-induced emission Photochemistry Multicyclicribbon

Towards growth of pure AB-stacked bilayer graphene single crystals

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4616-4621页

作者： Xiaowen zhang Tao Zhou Yunlong Ren Zuo feng Ruixi Qiao Qinghe Wang {2. Wang Jinxia Bai Muhong Wu Zhilie Tang Xu Zhou Kaihui Liu Xiaozhi Xu Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum MaterialsSchool of PhysicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter School of PhysicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955–6900Saudi Arabia state key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China institute for Frontier Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210094China International Centre for Quantum Materials Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum MatterPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDongguan 523808China

Given its intriguing band structure and unique tunable bandgap,AB-stacked bilayer graphene has great potentials in the applications of high-end electronics,optoelectronics and *** epitaxial growth of AB-stacked single-crystal bilayer graphene films requires a strict AB-stacked lattice,identical orientations and seamless stitching of bilayer graphene ***,the particles inevitably present on the metal surface that produced during high temperature growth would induce random orientations,twisted stacking islands,and uncontrollable multilayers,which is a great challenge to ***,we propose a heat-resisting-box assisted strategy to produce nearly pure AB-stacked bilayer graphene single-crystal films on Cu/Ni(111)*** our technique,the particles on the Cu/Ni(111)surface are effectively eliminated,which greatly minimizes the occurrence of randomly twisted islands and uncontrollable *** as-grown AB-stacked bilayer graphene films show>99%alignment and>99%AB stacking *** work provides a promising method towards the growth of pure AB-stacked bilayer graphene single crystals and would accelerate its device applications.

关键词： bilayer graphene AB stacking uniform growth heat-resisting box

CrN supported by carbon nanosheets as efficient catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction and Zn-air batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 4973-4981页

作者： Ya-Ting zhang Fan zhang Zhe Lu Jun-Ming Luo Su-Yang {2. Qi Wang Hui Chen Hao-Ming Wu Zheng-Pei Miao bin Chi Neng Yu Cheng-Hang You Jing Li Xin-Long Tian School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Marine Science and EngineeringHainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemistryHainan University state Power Investment Group Hainan Electric Power Co.Ltd. key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province Shenzhen Automotive Research institute Beijing Institute of Technology state key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment East China University of Technology

Exploring non-precious efficient oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） catalysts is of great significance to fuel cells and Zn-air batteries （ZABs）.CrN is a theoretically promising ORR catalyst,but its potential needs to be unlocked by proper supports that provide high conductivity and high exposure of active *** this work,we introduce a novel synthesis of carbon nanosheets-supported CrN nanoparticles （CrN/C） by annealing the mixture of CrCl3,1,10-phenanthroline and melamine via a two-step *** prepared CrN/C materials show good ORR activity and stability in acidic and alkaline *** optimal CrN/C material has an ORR half-wave potential of 0.73 and 0.72.V （*** hydrogen electrode） in acidic and alkaline media,*** it retains 82. and 78% of ORR current density in acidic and alkaline media after durability tests,***,the optimal CrN/C material-based self-breathing ZABs deliver a maximum power density of 168 mW·cm-2.which is one of the highest among transition metal nitrides-based ZABs It is found that the ORR activity of CrN/C materials is highly related to the Cr–N valence *** work highlights the good potential of CrN as robust ORR catalyst and verifies its promising application in ZABs.

关键词： Carbon nanosheets CrN Fuel cells Oxygen reduction reaction Zn-air batteries

Chiral quantum heating and cooling with an optically controlled ion

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1393-1400页

作者： Jin-Tao Bu Jian-Qi zhang Ge-Yi Ding Jia-Chong Li Jia-Wei zhang {2. Wang Wen-Qiang Ding Wen-Fei Yuan Liang Chen Qi Zhong Ali Keçebaş Şahin KÖzdemir Fei Zhou Hui Jing Mang feng state key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071 WuhanChina. University of the chinese academy of sciences 100049 BeijingChina. Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology511458 GuangzhouChina. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research InstitutePennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA 16802USA. key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal University410081 ChangshaChina. Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal University321004 JinhuaChina

Quantum heat engines and refrigerators are open quantum systems,whose dynamics can be well understood using a non-Hermitian formalism.A prominent feature of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points(EPs),which has no counterpart in closed quantum *** has been shown in classical systems that dynamical encirclement in the vicinity of an EP,whether the loop includes the EP or not,could lead to chiral mode ***,we show that this is valid also for quantum systems when dynamical encircling is performed in the vicinity of their Liouvillian EPs(LEPs),which include the effects of quantum jumps and associated noise—an important quantum feature not present in previous *** demonstrate,using a Paul-trapped ultracold ion,the first chiral quantum heating and refrigeration by dynamically encircling a closed loop in the vicinity of an *** witness the cycling direction to be associated with the chirality and heat release(absorption)of the quantum heat engine(quantum refrigerator).Our experiments have revealed that not only the adiabaticity breakdown but also the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg process play an essential role during dynamic encircling,resulting in chiral thermodynamic *** observations contribute to further understanding of chiral and topological features in non-Hermitian systems and pave a way to exploring the relation between chirality and quantum thermodynamics.

关键词： quantum chiral dynamical

AI for organic and polymer synthesis

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Science china Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2461-2496页

作者： Xin Hong Qi Yang Kuangbiao Liao Jianfeng Pei Mao Chen Fanyang Mo Hua Lu Wen-bin {2. Haisen Zhou Jiaxiao Chen Lebin Su Shuo-Qing {2. Siyuan Liu Xu Huang Yi-Zhou Sun Yuxiang Wang Zexi {2. Zhunzhun Yu Sanzhong Luo Xue-feng Fu Shu-Li You Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Center of Basic Molecular Science Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China state key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China beijing National Laboratory for Molecular sciences Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China AI for Science(AI4.)-Preferred Program Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen 518055China state key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Department of Chemical sciences National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing 100085China state key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Recent years have witnessed the transformative impact from the integration of artificial intelligence with organic and polymer synthesis. This synergy offers innovative and intelligent solutions to a range of classic problems in synthetic chemistry. These exciting advancements include the prediction of molecular property, multi-step retrosynthetic pathway planning, elucidation of the structure-performance relationship of single-step transformation, establishment of the quantitative linkage between polymer structures and their functions, design and optimization of polymerization process, prediction of the structure and sequence of biological macromolecules, as well as automated and intelligent synthesis platforms. Chemists can now explore synthetic chemistry with unprecedented precision and efficiency, creating novel reactions, catalysts, and polymer materials under the datadriven paradigm. Despite these thrilling developments, the field of artificial intelligence(AI) synthetic chemistry is still in its infancy, facing challenges and limitations in terms of data openness, model interpretability, as well as software and hardware support. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress, key challenges, and future development suggestions in the interdisciplinary field between AI and synthetic chemistry. It is hoped that this overview will offer readers a comprehensive understanding of this emerging field, inspiring and promoting further scientific research and development.

关键词： organic synthesis polymer synthesis machine learning prediction chemical database automated synthesis