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Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C genotype 3 infection:A systematic review

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah z Farooq Michael James Jane Abbott Patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed Choudhry Graham R Foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a blood-borne virus which globally affects around 79 million people and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Chronic infection leads to cirrhosis in a large proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in people with cirrhosis.Of the 6 HCV genotypes(G1-G6),genotype-3 accounts for 17.9%of infections.HCV genotype-3 responds least well to directly-acting antivirals and patients with genotype-3 infection are at increased risk of HCC even if they do not have cirrhosis.AIM To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV-G3 in all settings.Consequently,we studied possible risk factors for HCC due to HCV-G3 in the literature from 1946 to 2023.METHODS This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing and published studies of risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 and evaluate their strengths and limitations.We searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CENTRAL for publications reporting risk factors for HCC due to HCV genotype-3 in all settings,1946-2023.RESULTS Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as duplicates.Three thousand eight hundred and eighty-four records were screened with 3514 excluded.Three hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for eligibility with seven studies included for analysis.Of the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study design.All were based in hospital settings with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United States.The total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed HCC(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 followed by higher age(five-studies),with two studies each showing male sex,high alpha feto-protein,directly-acting antivirals treatment and achievement of sustained virologic res

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Genotype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

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Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of z-scheme Meso-BiVO_(4)-Au-CdS for Degradation of Rhodamine B

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第4期39卷 869-876页

作者：张雁伟 wang Yanze LI Junguo XIE Jingjing 王文宣 FU zhengyi State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang 441000China

We synthesized BiVO_(4)mesocrystals with ordered assembly structure,and studied the structural order and the relationship between the photodegradation of Rhodamine B.Au nanoparticles(NPs)were successfully loaded onto Meso-BiVO_(4)by light-assisted induction,and Cd nanoparticles were further selected to be deposited on Au nanoparticles to form z-scheme photocatalyst Meso-BiVO_(4)-Au-CdS heterostructures.We try and propose to analyze its ordered assembly structure by XRD for the first time.The results show that Meso-BiVO_(4)is a mesocrystal with highly exposed(001)plane and directional assembly structure.The charge separation efficiency of all samples was studied by PL spectroscopy.The results show that the z-scheme Meso-BiVO_(4)-Au-CdS can promote the charge separation and obtain the best carrier separation efficiency.Thus,it has the best photocatalytic activity in the experiment of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B.The main active species in the degradation process were confirmed by free radical trapping experiment,and the degradation mechanism was put forward.

关键词： biomineralization photosynthesis mesocrystal photocatalysis TiO_(2) BiVO_(4)

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Versatile photonic molecule switch in multimode microresonators

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 498-509页

作者： zihan Tao Bitao Shen Wencan Li Luwen Xing Haoyu wang Yichen Wu Yuansheng Tao Yan zhou Yandong He Chao Peng Haowen Shu Xingjun wang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks School of ElectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Integrated Circuits Peking University100871 BejingChina Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Nantong 226010China Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China

Harnessing optical supermode interaction to construct artificial photonic molecules has uncovered a series of fundamental optical phenomena analogous to atomic physics.Previously,the distinct energy levels and interactions in such two-level systems were provided by coupled microresonators.The reconfigurability is limited,as they often require delicate external field stimuli or mechanically altering the geometric factors.These highly specific approaches also limit potential applications.Here,we propose a versatile on-chip photonic molecule in a multimode microring,utilizing a flexible regulation methodology to dynamically control the existence and interaction strength of spatial modes.The transition between single/multi-mode states enables the“switched-off/on”functionality of the photonic molecule,supporting wider generalized applications scenarios.In particular,“switched-on”state shows flexible and multidimensional mode splitting control in aspects of both coupling strength and phase difference,equivalent to the a.***.and d.c.Stark effect.“Switched-off”state allows for perfect low-loss single-mode transition(Qi~10 million)under an ultra-compact bend size(FSR~115 GHz)in a foundry-based silicon microring.It breaks the stereotyped image of the FSR-Q factor trade-off,enabling ultra-wideband and high-resolution millimeter-wave photonic operations.Our demonstration provides a flexible and portable solution for the integrated photonic molecule system,extending its research scope from fundamental physics to real-world applications such as nonlinear optical signal processing and sixth-generation wireless communication.

关键词： switched multimode millimeter

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Enriched electrophilic oxygen species facilitate acidic oxygen evolution on Ru-Mo binary oxide catalysts

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1165-1172页

作者： Yaya wang Yunzhou Wen Yumeng Cheng Xinhong Chen Mengjiao zhuansun Tongbao wang Jun Li Debora Meira Huarui Sun Jun Wei Jia zhou Yuhang wang Sisi He Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)University TownShenzhen 518055China School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)University TownShenzhen 518055China Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Science Division Canadian Light SourceSaskatoonSKS7N 2V3Canada Photon Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)University TownShenzhen 518055China

The polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM)electrolyzers are burdened with costly iridium(Ir)-based catalysts and high operation overpotentials for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).The development of earth-abundant,highly active,and durable electrocatalysts to replace Ir is a critical step in reducing the cost of green hydrogen production.Here we develop a Ru5Mo4Ox binary oxide catalyst that exhibits high activity and stability in acidic OER.The electron-withdrawing property of Mo enriches the electrophilic surface oxygen species,which promotes acidic OER to proceed via the adsorbate evolution pathway.As a result,we achieve a 189 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2) and a Tafel slope of 48.8 mV·dec^(-1).Our catalyst demonstrates a substantial 18-fold increase in intrinsic activity,as evaluated by turnover frequency,compared to commercially available RuO_(2) and IrO_(2) catalysts.Moreover,we report a stable OER operation at 10 mA·cm^(-2) for 100 h with a low degradation rate of 2.05 mV·h^(-1).

关键词： electrocatalysis oxygen evolution reaction(OER) ruthenium(Ru)-based oxide molybdenum electrophilic oxygen

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Effect of coir geotextile and geocell on ephemeral gully erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第4期16卷 518-530页

作者： QIN Xijin SUN Yiqiu zHANG Yan GUAN Yinghui WU Hailong wang Xinyu wang Guangyu School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Tianjin Eco-Environmental Protection Design&Research Institute Tianjin 300042China College of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouver BC V6T 1Z4Canada

The unique geomorphological features and farming methods in the Mollisol region of Northeast China increase water catchment flow and aggravate the erosion of ephemeral gully(EG).Vegetation suffers from rain erosion and damage during the growth stage,which brings serious problems to the restoration of grass in the early stage.Therefore,effects of coir geotextile and geocell on EG erosion under four confluence intensities were researched in this study.Results of the simulated water discharge erosion test showed that when the confluence strength was less than 30 L/min,geocell and coir geotextile had a good effect on controlling EG erosion,and sediment yield of geocell and coir geotextile was reduced by 25.95%–37.82%and 73.73%–88.96%,respectively.However,when confluence intensity increased to 40 L/min,protective effect of coir geotextile decreased,and sediment yield rate increased sharply by 189.03%.When confluence intensity increased to 50 L/min,the protective effect of coir geotextile was lost.On the other hand,geocell showed that the greater the flow rate,the better the protective effect.In addition,with the increase in confluence intensity,erosion pattern of coir geotextile developed from sheet erosion to intermittent fall and then to completion of main rill,and the protective effect was gradually weakened.In contrast,the protective effect of EG under geocell was gradually enhanced from the continuous rill to the intermittent rill and finally to the intermittent fall.This study shows that coir geotextile and geocell can prevent EG erosion,and the effect of geocell is better than that of coir geotextile on the surface of EG.

关键词： geocell coir geotextile ephemeral gully confluence intensity erosion control

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Dynamic asymmetric mechanical responsive carbon nanotube fiber for ionic logic gate

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 249-253页

作者： Pei Cao Yilan wang Lejian Yu Miao wang Liming zhao Xu Hou State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361005China The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province Department of BiomaterialsResearch Center of Biomedical Engineering of XiamenCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Advanced Materials DivisionSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft MatterFujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials ResearchJiujiang Research InstituteCollege of Physical Science and TechnologyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Inspired by biological ion channels,numerous artificial asymmetric ion channels have been synthesized to facilitate the fabrication of ionic circuits.Nevertheless,the creation of biomimetic asymmetric ion channels necessitates expensive scientific apparatus and intricate material processing procedures,which constrains its advancement within the realm of ionic devices.In this study,we have devised dynamic asymmetric ion channels with mechanical responsiveness by combining polymers of varying elastic modulus along the longitudinal axis of carbon nanotube fiber(CNTF).The ion rectification can be modulated via the disparate response of CNTF-based ion channels to mechanical stress.We have effectively employed these asymmetric ion channels with mechanical sensitivity in the design of a logic gate device,achieving logic operations such as“AND”and“OR”.The conception of these dynamic asymmetric ion channels with mechanical sensitivity offers a straightforward,cost-effective,and versatile approach for generating ion channels,highlighting their potential application in intricate,highly integrated ionic circuits.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes fibers Mechanical response Rectification effect Ionic logic gate

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Structures and ion transport mechanisms of plant high-affinity potassium transporters

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Molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 409-422页

作者： Jiangqin wang Yanping Luo Fan Ye zhong Jie Ding Shao Jian zheng Shuai Qiao Yong wang Jiangtao Guo Wei Yang Nannan Su international Institutes of Medicine the Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejang University School of MedicineYiwuZhejiang 322000China Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejang 310058China State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Life SciencesZhejang UniversityHangzhouZhejang 310058China College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute Hangzhou.Zheiang 311100.China

Plant high-affinity K^(+) transporters(HKTs)mediate Na^(+) and K^(+) uptake,maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis,and therefore play crucial roles in plant salt tolerance.In this study,we present cryoelectron microscopy structures of HKTs from two classes,classI HKT1;1 from Arabidopsis thaliana(AtHKT1;1)and class II HKT2;1 from Triticum aestivum(TaHKT2;1),in both Na^(+) -and K^(+) -bound states at 2.6-to 3.0-A resolutions.BothAtHKT1;1and TaHKT2;1function ashomodimers.Each HKT subunit consists of four tan-dem domain units(D1-D4)with a repeated K^(+) -channel-like M-P-M topology.In each subunit,D1-D4 assemble into an ion conduction pore with a pseudo-four-fold symmetry.Although both TaHKT2;1and AtHKT1;1 have only one putative Na^(+) ion bound in the selectivity filter with a similar coordination pattern,the two HKTs display different K^(+) binding modes in the filter.TaHKT2;1 has three K^(+) ions bound in the selec-tivity filter,but AtHKT1;1 has only two K^(+) ions bound in the filter,which has a narrowed external entrance due to the presence of a Ser residue in the first filter motif.These structures,along with compu-tational,mutational,and electrophysiological analyses,enable us to pinpoint key residues that are critical for the ion selectivity of HKTs.The findings provide new insights into the ion selectivity and ion transport mechanisms of plant HKTs and improve our understanding about how HKTs mediate plant salt tolerance and enhance crop growth.

关键词： HKTs structure ion selectivity mechanism salt tolerance

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The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 479-508页

作者： Jing Yao Keenan Sterling zhe wang Yun zhang Weihong Song The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Townsend Family Laboratories Department of PsychiatryBrain Research CenterThe University of British Columbia2255 Wesbrook MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z3Canada Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases Ministry of EducationBeijingP.R.China zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning HospitalInstitute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China Oujiang Laboratory(zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health)WenzhouZhejiang 325000China

Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a major role in sensing inflammatory signals and triggering the innate immune response.Each inflammasome complex has three major components:an upstream sensor molecule that is connected to a downstream effector protein such as caspase-1 through the adapter protein ASC.Inflammasome formation typically occurs in response to infectious agents or cellular damage.The active inflammasome then triggers caspase-1 activation,followed by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death.Aberrant inflammasome activation and activity contribute to the development of diabetes,cancer,and several cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.As a result,recent research has increasingly focused on investigating the mechanisms that regulate inflammasome assembly and activation,as well as the potential of targeting inflammasomes to treat various diseases.Multiple clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the therapeutic potential of several distinct inflammasome-targeting therapies.Therefore,understanding how different inflammasomes contribute to disease pathology may have significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies.In this article,we provide a summary of the biological and pathological roles of inflammasomes in health and disease.We also highlight key evidence that suggests targeting inflammasomes could be a novel strategy for developing new disease-modifying therapies that may be effective in several conditions.

关键词： inflam therapeutic potential

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Gradient-structure-enhanced dielectric energy storage performance of flexible nanocomposites containing controlled preparation of defective TiO_(2) and ferroelectric KNbO_(3) nanosheets

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4079-4088页

作者： Yan wang Lili zhao Ruicong Chen Wenhui zhao Dengwei Hu Haoran wang Bin Cui Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico–Inorganic Chemistry Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710127China School of Information Science and Technology Northwest UniversityXi’an 710127China Engineering Research Center for Titanium Based Functional Materials and Devices in Universities of Shaanxi Province Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBaoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji 721013China

Next generation power system needs dielectrics with increased dielectric energy density.However,the low energy density of dielectrics limits their development.Here,an asymmetric trilayered nanocomposite,with a transition layer(TL),an insulation layer(IL),and a polarization layer(PL),is designed based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)-polymethyl methacrylate(PVDF-PMMA)matrix using KNbO_(3)(KN)and TiO_(2)(TO)as the nanofillers.The morphology and defect control of the two-dimensional nano KN and nano TO fillers are realized via a hydrothermal method to increase the composite breakdown strength(E_(b))and the composite energy density(U_(e)).The asymmetric trilayered structure leads to a gradient electric field distribution,and the KN and TO nanosheets block charges transfer along z direction.As a result,the development path of the electrical trees is greatly curved,and E_(b) is effectively improved.And the Ue value of the nanocomposites reaches 17.79 J·cm^(-3) at 523 MV·m^(-1).On the basis,the composite Ue is further improved by defect control in TO nanosheets.The nanocomposite KN/TO/PVDF-PMMA containing TO with less oxygen vacancy concentration(calcined at oxygen atmosphere)acquires a high Ue of 21.61 J·cm^(-3) at 548 MV·m^(-1).This study provides an idea for improving the energy storage performance by combining the design of the composite dielectric structure and the control of nanofillers’defect and morphology.

关键词： asymmetric trilayered structure two-dimensional energy density oxygen vacancies breakdown strength dielectric

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Emerging mechanisms and implications of c GAS-STING signaling in cancer immunotherapy strategies

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 45-64页

作者： Jiawen zhang Sihui Yu Qiao Peng Ping wang Lan Fang Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200072China Reproductive Medicine Center Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201620China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

The intricate interplay between the human immune system and cancer development underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.Within this landscape,the innate immune system,a critical sentinel protecting against tumor incursion,is a key player.The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(c GAS)and stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway has been found to be a linchpin of innate immunity:activation of this signaling pathway orchestrates the production of type I interferon(IFN-α/β),thus fostering the maturation,differentiation,and mobilization of immune effectors in the tumor microenvironment.Furthermore,STING activation facilitates the release and presentation of tumor antigens,and therefore is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy.Current strategies to activate the STING pathway,including use of pharmacological agonists,have made substantial advancements,particularly when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.These approaches have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings,by enhancing patient survival rates.This review describes the evolving understanding of the c GAS-STING pathway's involvement in tumor biology and therapy.Moreover,this review explores classical and non-classical STING agonists,providing insights into their mechanisms of action and potential for optimizing immunotherapy strategies.Despite challenges and complexities,the c GAS-STING pathway,a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy,has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.

关键词： cGAS-STING pathway type I interferon cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist cancer immunotherapy

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