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Changes in extreme high temperature warning indicators over China under different global warming levels

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1895-1909页

作者： Yuxia Zhang Ying SUN Ting HU Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China National Climate Center Laboratory for Climate StudiesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

High temperature warning indicators play a pivotal role in meteorological departments,serving as crucial criteria for issuing warnings that guide both social production and daily life.Despite their importance,limited studies have explored the relationship between different global warming levels and changes in high temperature warning indicators.In this study,we analyze data from 2,419 meteorological stations over China and utilize the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)models to examine historical changes in high temperature warning indicators used by the China Meteorological Administration.We evaluate model performance and estimate future changes in these indicators using an annual cycle bias correction method.The results indicate that since 1961,the number of high temperature days(TX35d and TX40d)and length of season(TX40d and TX40l)with daily maximum temperature reaching or exceeding 35℃ and 40℃ have increased over China.The intensity of high temperatures(TXx)has strengthened and the geographical extent affected by high temperatures has expanded.In 2022,the occurrence of 40℃ high temperatures surges,with Eastern China experiencing a two-day increase in TX40d and an extended seasonal length in TX40l by over five days.While CMIP6 models have underestimated the high temperature indictors associated with 35℃ during historical periods,notable difference is not observed between the models and observations for TX40d and TX40l,given their rare occurrence.However,future projections,after bias correction,indicate that the increasing trends for 35℃ and 40℃ high temperature days and length of season become more pronounced than the raw projection,suggesting a more severe increase than that anticipated originally.As global warming intensifies,the high temperature days and length of season are projected to increase non-linearly,while the intensity of high temperatures is expected to increase linearly.For every 1℃ increase in global temperature,the intensity is projected to rise by approximately 1.4℃.The impa

关键词： Extreme high temperatures Meteorological warning CMIP6 Global warming levels Future projection

Effects of mulch and planting methods on Medicago ruthenica seed yield and soil physical-chemical properties

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第8期14卷 894-909页

作者： WANG yuxia zhang Jing YU Xiaojun College of Grassland Science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv., a wild grass species, is commonly grown as a forage crop in arid and semi-arid areas of China. Herein, we explored mulch patterns and planting methods for optimizing M. ruthenica seed production in the loess plateau of the Gansu Province, China from 2017 to 2019. The experiments comprised of six treatments including (1) flat ground without mulch (F0, control);(2) flat ground with a transparent white 0.008 mm thick plastic film mulch (FP);(3) flat ground with 4500 kg/hm2 straw mulch (FS);(4) furrow with 10 cm ridges (R0);(5) furrow with plastic film mulch (RP);and (6) furrow with straw mulch (RS). Results showed that the harvested seed yield of M. ruthenica was the highest under RP treatment, followed by FP and FS treatments. Soil moisture content from mid-May to mid-August in 2017 was the highest under RP and FP treatments, followed by RS and FS treatments. In 2018, soil moisture content was the highest under RS and FS treatments. In 2017 and 2018, soil temperature was the highest under FP and RP treatments, followed by F0 and R0 treatments. Total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents were the highest under RS and FS treatments, followed by RP and FP treatments. Comprehensive analysis result showed that surface mulch improved soil microenvironment and increased seed yield of M. ruthenica. Straw mulch also effectively recycled excess crop straw, thereby encouraging the sustainable development of agriculture in this area. In conclusion, FS treatment was considered the best mode for M. ruthenica seed production in this area.

关键词： arid area plastic film straw mulch soil moisture content soil temperature soil chemistry

Decoding the role of extracellular vesicles in liver diseases

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Liver Research 2017年第3期1卷 147-155页

作者： Fengyan Deng Nancy Magee Yuxia Zhang Department of Pharmacology Toxicology&TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA

Cell-to-cell communication is a fascinating process that is essential for maintaining tissue and wholebody homeostasis.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are cell-derived membrane-bound nanoparticles that are a means of communication between cells.Accumulating evidence indicates that EVs can render either beneficial or harmful outcomes,depending on the specific cargos(e.g.,proteins,lipids,RNAs)transferred between cells.EVs also have great value as diagnostic and prognostic markers of disease because they are present in a variety of biological fluids and carry bioactive molecules from their cells or tissues of origin.Liver cells can both release and receive EVs derived from other cells and emerging evidence indicates that liver EVs play important roles in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases,including liver cancer,viral hepatitis,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and alcoholic liver disease.This review provides an overview of the biogenesis and secretion of EVs and summarizes the most recent advances in understanding the role of EVs in liver physiology and diseases.Additionally,we discuss potential applications of liver EVs as biomarkers and in therapeutic approaches to treat liver diseases.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles(EVs) Liver Disease Metabolism Biomarker

Hepatic transcriptome profiling reveals early signatures associated with disease transition from non-alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis

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Liver Research 2022年第4期6卷 238-250页

作者： Nancy Magee Forkan Ahamed Natalie Eppler Elizabeth Jones Priyanka Ghosh Lily He Yuxia Zhang Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA Liver Center University of KansasKansas CityKSUSA

Background and aim:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.The molecular events that influence disease progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)to aggressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)remain incompletely understood,leading to lack of mechanism-based targeted treatment options for NASH.This study aims to identify early signatures associated with disease progression from NAFL to NASH in mice and humans.Materials and methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat,-cholesterol,and-fructose(HFCF)diet for up to 9 months.The extent of steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis was evaluated in liver tissues.Total RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was conducted to determine liver transcriptomic changes.Results:After being fed the HFCF diet,mice sequentially developed steatosis,early steatohepatitis,steatohepatitis with fibrosis,and eventually spontaneous liver tumor.Hepatic RNA-seq revealed that the key signatures during steatosis progression to early steatohepatitis were pathways related to extracel-lular matrix organization and immune responses such as T cell migration,arginine biosynthesis,C-type lectin receptor signaling,and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.Genes regulated by transcription factors forkhead box M1(FOXM1)and negative elongation factor complex member E(NELFE)were significantly altered during disease progression.This phenomenon was also observed in patients with NASH.

关键词： Liver Transcriptome Steatosis Inflammation Fibrosis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)

Role of early growth response 1 in liver metabolism and liver cancer

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Hepatoma Research 2017年第11期3卷 268-277页

作者： Nancy Magee Yuxia Zhang Department of Pharmacology Toxicology&TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

The liver is an essential organ for nutrient and drug metabolism - possessing the remarkable ability to sense environmental and metabolic stimuli and provide an optimally adaptive response. Early growth response 1 (Egr1), an immediate early transcriptional factor which acts as a coordinator of the complex response to stress, is induced during liver injury and controls the expression of a wide range of genes involved in metabolism, cell proliferation, and inflammation. In support of an important role of Egr1 in liver injury and repair, deficiency of Egr1 delays liver regeneration process. The known upstream regulators of Egr1 include, but are not limited to, growth factors (e.g. transforming growth factor β1, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor), nuclear receptors (e.g. hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, small heterodimer partner, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ), and other transcription factors (e.g. Sp1, E2F transcription factor 1). Research efforts using various animal models such as fatty liver, liver injury, and liver fibrosis contribute greatly to the elucidation of Egr1 function in the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide due to the heterogeneity and the late stage at which cancer is generally diagnosed. Recent studies highlight the involvement of Egr1 in HCC development. The purpose of this review is to summarize current studies pertaining to the role of Egr1 in liver metabolism and liver diseases including liver cancer.

关键词： Early growth response 1 liver fibrosis injury liver cancer

Polystyrene nanoplastics induce glycolipid metabolism disorder via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in mice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 553-566页

作者： Xingpei Fan Xiaoyan Li Jiaxin Li Yuxia Zhang Xiangjuan Wei Hailong Hu Boya zhang Haining Du Meimei Zhao Ruijiao Zhu Daqian Yang Yuri Oh Ning Gu School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150006China Department of Medicine Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension DivisionDepartment of GeneticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104USA Faculty of Education Wakayama UniversityWakayama 640-8441Japan

Nanoplastics-induced developmental and reproductive toxicity,neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity are a focus of widespread attention.However,the effects of nanoplastics(NPs)on glycolipid metabolism and the precise underlying mechanisms are unclear at present.Here,we showed that oral administration of polystyrene nanoparticles(PS-NPs)disrupts glycolipid metabolism,with reactive oxygen species(ROS)identified as a potential key signaling molecule.After PS-NPs treatment,excessive production of ROS induced the infammatory response and activated the antioxidant pathway through nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2.The activation of nuclear factor-κB(NFκB)signaling pathway induced the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)signaling pathway,which induced the activation of extracellular regulated kinases(ERK)and p38.Constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling proteins induced high continued phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1,in turn,leading to decreased protein kinase B(Akt)activity,which weakened the sensitivity of liver cells to insulin signals and induced insulin resistance.In parallel,phosphorylation of Akt led to loss of control of Fo XO1,a key gene of gluconeogenesis,activating transcription of glucose-6-phosphatase(G6PC)and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK)in a manner dependent on PGC1α.Moreover,the activated ERK promoted lipid accumulation through ERK-PPARγcascades.Therefore,sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and levels of its downstream lipogenic enzymes,ACC-1,were up-regulated.Upon treatment with the antioxidant resveratrol,PS-NPs-induced glucose and lipid metabolic disorders were improved by inhibiting ROS-induced activation of NFκB and MAPK signaling pathway in mice.Based on above,PS-NPs exposure disrupts glycolipid metabolism in mice,with ROS identified as a potential key signaling molecule.

关键词： Nanoplastics Resveratrol Hyperglycemia Lipid metabolism Infammatory response Reactive oxygen species(ROS)

Estimating Changes in Contact Patterns in China Over the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic:Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Spread—Four Cities,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2023年第5期5卷 113-119,I0012-I0017页

作者： yuxia Liang Cheng Peng Qian You Maria Litvinova Marco Ajelli Juanjuan zhang Hongjie Yu School of Public Health Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationShanghai MunicipalityChina Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public Health Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsIndiana University School of Public HealthBloomingtonINUSA Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Fudan UniversityShanghai MunicipalityChina

Introduction:Previous studies have demonstrated significant changes in social contacts during the firstwave coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Chinese mainland.The purpose of this study was to quantify the time-varying contact patterns by age in Chinese mainland in 2020 and evaluate their impact on the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Methods:Diary-based contact surveys were performed for four periods:baseline(prior to 2020),outbreak(February 2020),post-lockdown(March–May 2020),and post-epidemic(September–November 2020).We built a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered(SIR)model to evaluate the effect of reducing contacts on transmission.Results:During the post-epidemic period,daily contacts resumed to 26.7%,14.8%,46.8%,and 44.2%of the pre-COVID levels in Wuhan,Shanghai,Shenzhen,and Changsha,respectively.This suggests a moderate risk of resurgence in Changsha,Shenzhen,and Wuhan,and a low risk in Shanghai.School closure alone was not enough to interrupt transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5,but with the addition of a 75%reduction of contacts at the workplace,it could lead to a 16.8%reduction of the attack rate.To control an outbreak,concerted strategies that target schools,workplaces,and community contacts are needed.Discussion:Monitoring contact patterns by age is key to quantifying the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks and evaluating the impact of intervention strategies.

关键词： mainland resume contacts

The function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第5期10卷 2029-2037页

作者： Yan zhang Qiu Peng Jinhua Zheng Yuzhong Yang Xuemei zhang Aiyu Ma yuxia Qin Zailong Qin Xiang Zheng Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxi 541001China Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionGuangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention InstituteNanningGuangxi 530003China

Lactate is an end product of glycolysis.Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s,increasing researchers indicate lactate as a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration and as a precursor of gluconeogenesis.Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells,resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis,immune regulation,and anti-inflammation wound healing,and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome.Furthermore,increasing evidence reveals that lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones,which accounts for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis.Here,we summarize the function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment.

关键词： Epigenetic regulation Lactate Lactylation Microenvironment Tumorigenesis

Distinctive electrochemical performance of novel Fe-based Li-rich cathode material prepared by molten salt method for lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第6期28卷 37-45页

作者： Taolin Zhao Rixin Ji Hedi Yang Yuxia Zhang Xiuguo Sun Yanting Li Li Li Renjie Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043HebeiChina Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering Materials Shijiazhuang 050043HebeiChina School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081China

For constructing next-generation lithium-ion batteries with advanced performances,pursuit of highcapacity Li-rich cathodes has caused considerable attention.So far,the low discharge specific capacity and serious capacity fading are strangling the development of Fe-based Li-rich materials.To activate the extra-capacity of Fe-based Li-rich cathode materials,a facile molten salt method is exploited using an alkaline mixture of LiOH–LiNO3–Li2O2 in this work.The prepared Li1.09(Fe0.2Ni0.3Mn0.5)0.91O2 material yields high discharge specific capacity and good cycling stability.The discharge specific capacity shows an upward tendency at 0.1 C.After 60 cycles,a high reversible specific capacity of ~250 m Ah g-1is delivered.The redox of Fe3+/Fe4+and Mn3+/Mn4+are gradually activated during cycling.Notably,the redox reaction of Fe2+/Fe3+can be observed reversibly below 2 V,which is quite different from the material prepared by a traditional co-precipitation method.The stable morphology of fine nanoparticles(100–300 nm)is considered benefiting for the distinctive electrochemical performances of Li1.09(Fe0.2Ni0.3Mn0.5)0.91O2.This study demonstrates that molten salt method is an inexpensive and effective approach to activate the extra capacity of Fe-based Li-rich cathode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Fe-based material Li-rich cathode Molten salt High capacity