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Pathway Planning of Nuclear Power Development Incorporating Assessment of Nuclear Event Risk

JOURNAL OF MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期12卷 500-513页

作者： Yang, Xinxin Xue, yusheng cai, Bin Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing Peoples R China NARI Grp Corp State Grid Elect Power Res Inst Nanjing Peoples R China State Key Lab Smart Grid Protect & Operat Control Nanjing Peoples R China

The nuclear event risk (NER) is an important and disputed factor that should be reasonably considered when planning the pathway of nuclear power development (NPD) to assess the benefits and risks of developing nuclear power more objectively. This paper aims to explore the impact of nuclear events on NPD pathway planning. The influence of nuclear events is quantified as a monetary risk component, and an optimization model that incorporates the NER in the objective function is proposed. To optimize the pathway of NPD in the lowcarbon transition course of power supply structure evolution, a simulation model is built to deduce alternative NPD pathways and corresponding power supply evolution scenarios under the constraint of an exogenously assigned carbon emission pathway (CEP); moreover, a method is proposed to describe the CEP by superimposing the maximum carbon emission space and each carbon emission reduction (CER) component, and various CER components are clustered considering the emission reduction characteristics and resource endowments of different power generation technologies. A case study is conducted to explore the impact of NER and its risk valuation uncertainty on NPD pathway planning. The method presented in this paper allows the impact of nuclear events on NPD pathway planning to be quantified and improves the level of coordinated optimization of benefits and risks.

关键词： Costs Carbon dioxide Planning Renewable energy sources Power generation Generators Power systems Low-carbon transition power supply structure evolution nuclear power development (NPD) quantitative analysis nuclear event risk evaluation TECHNOLOGIES

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Review on Optimization of Nuclear Power Development:A Cyber-Physical-Social System in Energy Perspective

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第3期10卷 547-561页

作者： Xinxin Yang Bin cai yusheng Xue School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingChina State Grid Electric Power Research Institute(NARI Group Corporation) NanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Operation Control NanjingChina

Nuclear power development is a complex issue spanning cyber,physical,and social systems that is essential to achieving energy security and climate goals.With the ongoing worldwide trend towards carbon neutrality,the positioning of nuclear power in energy mix should be reconsidered.This paper aims to present a systematic review of current research on optimization of nuclear power development.The concept of cyber-physical-social system in energy(CPSSE)is adopted,which provides a suitable perspective and enables the review of relevant studies to achieve some novel insights.Based on the CPSSE,firstly,a research framework is established and the main research elements in optimization are identified,followed by a proposed conceptual risk-based optimization model.Secondly,current studies are analyzed and classified into four categories according to the research boundary.The status quo and limitations are discussed.It is found that the research results of nuclear-specific issues have not been well integrated into the optimization of nuclear power.As a relatively reliable power supply,nuclear power is capable of maintaining power and electricity adequacy of the whole system,especially in the case of power shortage caused by long-period low output of renewable energy or extreme external disasters.This superiority should not be ignored in the optimization.Other critical factors that should be further considered include disruptive technologies,nuclear safety,energy policies,and stakeholder behaviors.Finally,suggestions are given for future research.

关键词： Carbon emission carbon neutrality cyber-physical-social system in energy(CPSSE) comprehensive evaluation dynamic interactive hybrid simulation energy transition multi-objective optimization

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Effect of the capsule on deformation and densification behavior of nickel-based superalloy compact during hot isostatic pressing

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第1期30卷 122-130页

作者： Lebiao Yang Xiaona Ren Chao cai Pengju Xue MIrfan Hussain yusheng Shi Changchun Ge Institute of Powder Metallurgy and Advanced Ceramics School of Materials and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing&Die and Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The Shima yield criterion used in finite element analysis for nickel-based superalloy powder compact during hot isostatic pressing(HIP) was modified through uniaxial compression experiments. The influence of cylindrical capsule characteristics on FGH4096M superalloy powder compact deformation and densification behavior during HIP was investigated through simulations and experiments. Results revealed the simulation shrinkage prediction fitted well with the experimental shrinkage including a maximum shrinkage error of 1.5%. It was shown that the axial shrinkage was 1.7% higher than radial shrinkage for a cylindrical capsule with the size of ∮50 mm × 100 mm due to the force arm difference along the axial and radial direction of the capsule. The stress deviated from the isostatic state in the capsule led to the uneven shrinkage and non-uniform densification of the powder compact. The ratio of the maximum radial displacement to axial displacement increased from0.47 to 0.75 with the capsule thickness increasing from 2 to 4 mm. The pressure transmission is related to the capsule thickness, the capsule material performance, and physical parameters in the HIP process.

关键词： hot isostatic pressing nickel-based superalloy compact capsule densification deformation

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Opening up the black box of human cell plasticity

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The Innovation 2022年第5期3卷 13-14页

作者： Yusheng Cai Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte Jing Qu Guang-Hui Liu Weiqi Zhang State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China China National Center for Bioinformation Beijing 100101China Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCA 92037USA Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China

Cell plasticity represents the ability of cells to acquire new characteristics.Cell plasticity can be reset in somatic cells via cellular reprogramming,a process that occurs in regeneration.However,cell plasticity occurs rarely in humans.Recently,Guan et al.recreated cell plasticity in mature human cells,which they found to be essential for reprogramming human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells using only small molecules.As the first study demonstrates that chemical compounds can completely reprogram human somatic cells to a pluripotent state,it is a paradigm shift in developing pharmacological or therapeutic reprogramming approaches to control human cells.

关键词： al. plasticity programming

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4E-BP1 counteracts human mesenchymal stem cell senescence via maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis

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Protein & Cell 2023年第3期14卷 202-216页

作者： Yifang He Qianzhao Ji Zeming Wu Yusheng Cai Jian Yin Yiyuan Zhang Sheng Zhang Xiaoqian Liu Weiqi zhang Guang-Hui Liu Si Wang Moshi Song Jing Qu State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 10o101China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing100053China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China National Center for Bioinformation Beijing 100101China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules CAs Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of Brain-Intelligence Technology(Shanghai)Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Aging Translational Medicine Center Intermational Center for Aging and CancerBejing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research CenterXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing Chongqing 400062China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Although the mTOR-4E-BP1 signaling pathway is implicated in aging and aging-related disorders,the role of 4E-BP1 in regulating human stem cell homeostasis remains largely unknown.Here,we report that the expression of 4E-BP1 decreases along with the senescence of human mesenchymal stem celis(hMSCs).Genetic inactivation of 4E-BP1 in hMSCs compromises mitochondrial respiration,increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(Ros)production,and accelerates cellular senescence.Mechanistically,the absence of 4E-BP1 destabilizes proteins in mitochondrial respiration complexes,especially several key subunits of complex III including UQCRC2.Ectopic expression of 4E-BP1 attenuates mitochondrial abnormalities and alleviates cellular senescence in 4E-BP1-deficient hMSCs as well as in physiologically aged hMSCs.These findings together demonstrate that 4E-BP1 functions as a geroprotector to mitigate human stem cell senescence and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis,particularly for the mitochondrial respiration complex Il,thus providing a new potential target to counteract human stem cell senescence.

关键词： 4E-BP1 mitochondria aging

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Fabrication and mechanical behavior of 2D-C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites by a low-temperature and highly-efficient route

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第10期12卷 1961-1972页

作者： Xuegang Zou Dewei Ni Bowen Chen Feiyan cai Le Gao Ping He yusheng Ding Xiangyu Zhang Shaoming Dong State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics&Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Structural Ceramics and Composites Engineering Research Center Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina

C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites are ideal thermal structural materials for service under extreme conditions of hypersonic vehicles.However,how to synthesize TaxHf1-xC powders and efficiently fabricate C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites still faces some challenges.Furthermore,mechanical properties and thermophysical properties of Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C vary with the composition,but not monotonically.In-depth analysis of mechanical behaviors of the C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites is extremely important for their development and applications.In this study,the Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C powders(x=0.2,0.5,0.8)were successfully synthesized via solid solution of TaC and HfC at a relatively low temperature of 1800℃,with a small amount of Si as an additive.Subsequently,the efficient fabrication of 2D-C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites was achieved by slurry impregnation and lamination(SIL)combined with precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP).In addition,the mechanical behavior of the composites was investigated systematically.It is demonstrated that the composites present remarkable non-brittle fractures,including a large number of fiber pull out and interphase debonding.Also,the fracture failure involves a complex process of microcrack generation and propagation,matrix cracking,and layer fracture.Moreover,the interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix is enhanced as the Ta∶Hf ratio decreases from 4∶1 to 1∶4.As a result,C_(f)/Ta_(0.2)Hf_(0.8)C–SiC composites exhibit exceptional flexural strength of 437±19 MPa,improved by 46%compared with C_(f)/Ta_(0.8)Hf_(0.2)C–SiC(299±19 MPa).This study provides a new perception of design and fabrication of ultra-high-temperature ceramic(UHTC)matrix composites with high performance.

关键词： mechanical properties microstructure fabrication 2D-C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C-SiC composites

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Single-cell profiling reveals a potent role of quercetin in promoting hair regeneration

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Protein & Cell 2023年第6期14卷 398-415页

作者： Qian Zhao Yandong Zheng Dongxin Zhao Liyun Zhao Lingling Geng Shuai Ma Yusheng Cai Chengyu Liu Yupeng Yan Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte Si Wang Weiqi Zhang Guang-Hui Liu Jing Qu Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Aging Translational Medicine Center International Center for Aging and CancerBeijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research CenterXuan Wu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciencesand China National Center for BioinformationBeijing 100101China Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing Chongqing 400062China Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Altos Labs Inc.San DiegoCA 94022USA

Hair loss affects millions of people at some time in their life,and safe and efficient treatments for hair loss are a significant unmet medical need.We report that topical delivery of quercetin(Que)stimulates resting hair follicles to grow with rapid follicular keratinocyte proliferation and replenishes perifollicular microvasculature in mice.We construct dynamic single-cell transcriptome landscape over the course of hair regrowth and find that Que treatment stimulates the differentiation trajectory in the hair follicles and induces an angiogenic signature in dermal endothelial cells by activating HIF-1αin endothelial cells.Skin administration of a HIF-1αagonist partially recapitulates the pro-angiogenesis and hair-growing effects of Que.Together,these findings provide a molecular understanding for the efficacy of Que in hair regrowth,which underscores the translational potential of targeting the hair follicle niche as a strategy for regenerative medicine,and suggest a route of pharmacological intervention that may promote hair regrowth.

关键词： single-cell RNA-sequencing Que hair follicle regeneration endothelial cells HIF-1α

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Low-dose chloroquine treatment extends the lifespan of aged rats

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Protein & Cell 2022年第6期13卷 454-461页

作者： Wei Li Zhiran Zou Yusheng Cai Kuan Yang Si Wang Zunpeng Liu Lingling Geng Qun Chu Zhejun Ji Piu Chan Guang-Hui Liu Moshi Song Jing Qu Weiqi Zhang Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China National Center for Bioinformation Beijing 100101China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Aging Translational Medicine Center Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Beijing 101408China Chongqing Renji Hospital University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400062China

Dear Editor,Chloroquine(CQ)has long been used as an anti-malarial agent(Wellems and Plowe,2001).Recently,CQ has also been applied to treat viral infection and related diseases(Wellems and Plowe,2001;Huang et al.,2020).However,the safety and efficacy of its applications are still under extensive debate(Solomon and Lee,2009).Here,we discovered that low-dose CQ has a geroprotective effect on physiologically aged rats.Low-dose CQ prolonged lifespan,repressed systemic inflammation,and inhibited fibrosis across multiple tissue types in aged rats.Furthermore,we constructed transcriptomic maps for 6 tissues(kidney,small intestine,liver,heart,lung,and aorta)upon CQ treatment,thus revealing the effects of CQ at a systemic level.CQ treatment mitigated age-related molecular changes and repressed genes linked to fibrosis and the inflammatory response.Altogether,our data provide a valuable resource for investigating the impact of CQ on multiple aged tissues,which may facilitate the development of clinical applications that mitigate age-related changes in the elderly.

关键词： protective inhibited intestine

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Formation of the structure-Ⅱgas hydrate from low-concentration propane mixed with methane

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第6期58卷 306-314页

作者： Sanya Du Xiaomin Han Wenjiu cai Jinlong Zhu Xiaobai Ma Songbai Han Dongfeng Chen yusheng Zhao Hui Li Hailong Lu Xiaohui Yu Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing International Center for Gas Hydrate School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen 518055China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Department of Nuclear Physics China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen 518055China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

It has been recognized that a small amount of propane mixed with methane can change greatly in not only the thermodynamics but also the structural properties of gas hydrate.However,its mechanism is still not well understood yet.In this research,structure-Ⅱ(sⅡ)hydrate is synthesized using a methanepropane gas mixture with an initial mole ratio of 99:1,and it is found that large(5~(12)6~4)cages are cooccupied by multiple gases based on the rigid structure analysis of neutron diffraction data.The first principles calculation and molecular dynamics simulation are conducted to uncover the molecular mechanism for sⅡmethane-propane hydrate formation,revealing that the presence of propane inhibits the formation of structure-Ⅰ(sⅠ)hydrate but promotes sⅡhydrate formation.The results help to understand the accumulation mechanism of natural gas hydrate and benefit to optimize the condition for gas storage and transportation in hydrate form.

关键词： Multiple guest molecules Clathrates Neutron powder diffraction Structural transformation Molecular mechanism

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Comparison of result judgment algorithm of test for interfering factors in the bacterial endotoxins test among Chinese, Japanese, European, American, and Indian pharmacopeias

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第15期127卷 2784-2788页

作者： Pei yusheng cai Tong Gao Hua Tan Dejiang Zhang Yuchen Zhang Guolai National Institute for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050 China University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506-0055 USA

Background The bacterial endotoxins test （BET） is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins （lipo-polysaccharide,LPS） and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical dialysis fluid.It is also used in the diagnosis of endotoxemia and in detection of environment air quality control.Although BET has been adopted by most pharmacopoeias,result judgment algorithms （RJAs） of the test for interfering factors in the BET still differ between certain pharmacopoeias.We have evaluated RJAs of the test for interfering factors for the revision of BET described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 （CHP2010）.Methods Original data from 1 748 samples were judged by RJAs of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2011 （JP2011）,the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 （EP7.0）,the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 （USP36）,and the Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 （IP2010）,respectively.A SAS software package was used in the statistical analysis.Results The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 had no significant difference （P=-0.7740）.The results using CHP2010 of 1 748 samples showed that 132 samples （7.6%） required an additional step; nevertheless there was no such requirement when using the other pharmacopeias.The kappa value of two RJAs （CHP2010 and EP7.0） was 0.6900 （0.6297-0.7504） indicating that the CHP2010 and other pharmacopoeias have good consistency.Conclusions The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 have different characteristics.CHP2010 method shows a good performance in Specificity,mistake diagnostic rate,agreement rate,predictive value for suspicious rate,and predictive value for passed rate.The CHP2010 method only had disadvantages in sensitivity compared with other pharmacopeias.We suggest that the Chinese pharmacopoeia interference test be revised in accordance with the USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 judgment model.

关键词： clinical pyogenic reactions endotoxemia bacterial endotoxins test test for interfering factors result judgment algorithm pharmacopeias methodological comparison

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