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APACHE system is better than Ranson system in the prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2006年第2期5卷 294-299页

作者： yuk Pang Yeung Billy Yeung Kit Lam Andrew Wai Chun yip Department ot Surgery Kwong Wah Hospital 25 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong China

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that addition of obesity score to the APACHE-Ⅱ system can lead to more accurate prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis. However there is scanty information on the usefulness of the combined APACHE-O scoring system in Asian patients. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of Ranson, APACHE-Ⅱ and APACHE-O systems in assessing severity of acute pancreatitis in a local Chinese population. METHODS: One hundred and one consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were prospectively studied. Body mass index (BMI) was measured on admission. Ranson score, APACHE-Ⅱ and APACHE-O scores were recorded on admission and at 48 hours. By adopting the cut-off levels and definitions advocated in the Atlanta consensus for severe disease, the diagnostic accuracy of the three scoring systems was compared by the area under the curve (AUC) under the receiver operator characteristic curve. RESULTS: Of the 101 patients, 12 (11.9%) patients suffered from severe pancreatitis. Obesity was uncommon and only two patients (2.0%) had BMI >30. Eighty-two (81.2%) patients were normal weight (BMI≤25) whereas 17 (16.8%) were overweight ( BMI 25-30 ). Overweight or obesity (BMI >25) was not associated with severe pancreatitis (P= 0.40). The AUC for admission scores of Ranson, APACHE-Ⅱ, and APACHE-O systems was 0. 549, 0. 904 and 0. 904, respectively. The AUC for 48-hour scores of Ranson, APACHE-Ⅱ and APACHE-O systems was 0.808, 0.955 and 0.951, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The APACHE-Ⅱ scoring system is more accurate than the Ranson scoring system of the prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis. Addition of obesity score does not significantly improve the predictive accuracy of the APACHE-Ⅱ system in our local population with a low prevalence of obesity.

关键词： acute pancreatitis APACHE-Ⅱ score APACHE-O score disease severity Ranson score

Better Use of Data to Define Nutrition Priority and Action

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 61-65页

作者： RAY yip Senior Adviser Health Nutrition UNICEF Area Office for China and Mongolia

Nutrition and dietary survey data has been useful in defining the magnitude of malnutrition and dietary deficit. Such information has been helpful in gaining attention to support or to do more to improve nutrition advocacy. However, there are also greater opportunities to use the common data to guide the program action. In summary, we have plenty of good nutrition and dietary information available to us in the planning and operation of nutrition intervention program. If we go beyond the use of data to justify area or subject of engagement, we can also use the same data for more efficient and more effective program without additional cost to us.

关键词： Nutrition Policy Nutrition Surveys Policy Making Public Policy Data Collection Humans Nutrition Disorders Public Health

Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 543-549页

作者： Yaojun Ju Kin yip Tam Faculty of Health Sciences University of MacaoAvenida de UniversidadeTaipaMacao Special Adiministrative RegionChina

Alzheimer's disease is a rather complex neurodegenerative disease,which is attributed to a combination of multiple *** the many pathological pathways,synaptic dysfunctions,such as synapses loss and deficits in synaptic plasticity,were thought to be strongly associated with cognitive *** deficiencies in various sorts of neurotransmissions are responsible for the multifarious neurodegenerative symptoms in Alzheimer's disease,for example,the cholinergic and glutamatergic deficits for cognitive decline,the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission dyshomeostasis for synaptic plasticity deficits and epileptiform symptoms,and the monoamine neurotransmission for neuropsychiatric *** cascade hypothesis is the most popular pathological theory to explain Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and attracts considerable *** lines of genetic and pathological evidence support the predominant role of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease *** tangles assembled by microtubule-associated protein tau are other important histopathological characteristics in Alzheimer's disease *** of tau toxicity was proved to lead to neuron damage,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in *** is the main risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases,and is associated with inflammation,oxidative stress,reduced metabolism,endocrine insufficiencies and organ *** aging related risk factors were also proved to be some of the risk factors contributing to Alzheimer's *** Alzheimer's disease drug development,many good therapeutic strategies have been investigated in clinical ***,complex mechanism of Alzheimer's disease and the interplay among different pathological factors call for the come out of allpowerful therapies with multiple curing *** review seeks to summarize some of the representative treatments targeting different pathological pathways currently under clinical ***

关键词： Alzheimer's disease pathological pathways drug development multiple pathologies

Theoretical study of substituent effect on the charge mobility of 2,5-bis(trialkylsilylethynyl)-1,1,3,4-tetraphenylsiloles

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第11期53卷 2311-2317页

作者： LAM Jacky Wing yip Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology

The theoretical calculation of the charge mobility of 2,5-bis(trialkylsilylethynyl)-1,1,3,4-tetraphenylsiloles is presented.B3LYP/6-31* calculations demonstrated that these silole molecules possessed large coupling matrix elements and reorganization energies for electron and hole transfers and high electron *** bulkiness of the trialkyl substituents influenced the charge mobility of the silole molecules,with the smaller trimethyl group imparting higher charge mobility than triethyl and triisopropyl substituents.

关键词： silole theoretical calculation substitution effect electronic structure charge mobility

Rapid Purification of a New Humanized Single-chain Fv Antibody/Human Interleukin-2 Fusion Protein Reactive against HER2 Receptor

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第10期36卷 707-712页

作者： Tak-Chun yip,Cheuk-Sang KWOK Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong China Division of Radiation Oncology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte CA91010 USA

Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transfected with plasmid pcDNA-H520C9scFv-rhIL- 2 containing a chimeric cDNA encoding the humanized 520C9 scFv/recombinant human IL-2 fusion protein (H520C9scFv-rhIL-2). The transfected cells in plateau growing phase were cultured in serum-free medium for three days. The supernatant was collected, concentrated and purified using an affinity column packed with CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B coupled with anti-rhIL-2 mouse monoclonal antibody. The purified fusion protein was analyzed by ELISA, SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The fusion protein showed only one band in both silver stained electrophoresis gel and Western blot developed by ECL chemiluminescence system. Its molecular weight was confirmed to be about 45 kD. This fusion protein possessed binding specificity against p185 positive SKOV3 and B16/neu cells, and it might stimulate IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cell prolifera- tion as well.

关键词： single-chain Fv antibody IL-2 fusion protein human embryonic kidney 293 cells affinity chromatography

Advancing ion-exchange membranes to ion-selective membranes:principles,status,and opportunities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 145-171页

作者： Hanqing Fan Yuxuan Huang Ngai Yin yip Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027-6623USA Columbia Water Center Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027-6623USA

Ion-exchange membranes(IEMs)are utilized in numerous established,emergent,and emerging applications for water,energy,and the *** article reviews the five different types of IEM selectivity,namely charge,valence,specific ion,ion/solvent,and ion/uncharged solute *** pathways to advance the selectivities through the sorption and migration mechanisms of transport in IEM are critically *** of the underlying principles governing transport,efforts to enhance selectivity by tuning the membrane structural and chemical properties are almost always accompanied by a concomitant decline in permeability of the desired *** the undesired crossover of solvent and neutral species is crucial to realize the practical implementation of several technologies,including bioelectrochemical systems,hypersaline electrodialysis desalination,fuel cells,and redox flow batteries,but the ion/solvent and ion/uncharged solute selectivities are relatively understudied,compared to the ion/ion *** fundamental understanding of the transport phenomena,specifically the factors underpinning structure-property-performance relationships,will be vital to guide the informed development of more selective *** in material and membrane design offer opportunities to utilize ion discrimination mechanisms that are radically different from conventional IEMs and potentially depart from the putative permeability-selectivity *** in IEM selectivity can contribute to meeting the aqueous separation needs of water,energy,and environmental challenges.

关键词： Ion-exchange membranes Selectivity Separations

Laser induced fluorescence diagnostic for velocity distribution functions:applications,physics,methods and developments

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第5期23卷 75-95页

作者： Chi-Shung yip Di JIANG Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People's Republic of China

With more than 30 years of development,laser-induced fluorescence(LIF)is becoming an increasingly common diagnostic to measure ion and neutral velocity distribution functions in different fields of studies in plasma science including Hall thrusters,linear devices,plasma processing,and basic plasma physical *** this paper,technical methods used in the LIF diagnostic,including modulation,collection optics,and wavelength calibration techniques are reviewed in detail.A few basic physical processes along with applications and future development associated with the LIF diagnostics are also reviewed.

关键词： plasma diagnostics laser induced fluorescence laser spectroscopy

Microcurvature landscapes induce neural stem cell polarity and enhance neural differentiation

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2023年第5期6卷 522-535页

作者： Ho-Yin Yuen Wai-Sze yip Suet To Xin Zhao Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Tissue curvature has long been recognized as an important anatomical parameter that affects intracellular behaviors,and there is emerging interest in applying cell-scale curvature as a designer property to drive cell fates for tissue engineering *** neural cells are known to undergo dramatic and terminal morphological changes during development and curvature-limiting behaviors have been demonstrated in neurite outgrowth studies,there are still crucial gaps in understanding neural cell behaviors,particularly in the context of a three-dimensional(3D)curvature landscape similar to an actual tissue engineering *** this study,we fabricated two substrates of microcurvature(curvature-substrates)that present a smooth and repeating landscape with focuses of either a concave or a convex *** these curvature-substrates,we studied the properties of morphological differentiation in N2a neuroblastoma *** contrast to other studies where two-dimensional(2D)curvature was demonstrated to limit neurite outgrowth,we found that both the concave and convex substrates acted as continuous and uniform mechanical protrusions that significantly enhanced neural polarity and differentiation with few morphological changes in the main cell *** enhanced differentiation was manifested in various properties,including increased neurite length,increased nuclear displacement,and upregulation of various neural *** demonstrating how the micron-scale curvature landscape induces neuronal polarity,we provide further insights into the design of biomaterials utilizing the influence of surface curvature in neural tissue engineering.

关键词： Curvature Neural differentiation Neurite outgrowth Mechanotransduction

POLYMER NETWORK-POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL)COMPLEXES WITH SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2003年第1期21卷 29-33页

作者： Yi-ping Cao C.W.yip 等 InstituteofOrganicChemistry ChineseAcademyofSciencesChengdu610041China DepartmentofAppliedBiologyandChemicalTechnology hongKongPolytechnicUniversityHungHomkowloonHongKongChina

The complexes of poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) network with poly(ethylene glycol) stabilized byhydrogen bonds were prepared. By introducing the poly(ethylene glycol), a large difference in storage modulus below andabove the glass transition temperature occurred and the complexes exhibited shape memory behaviors. The morphology ofcomplexes was studied by using DSC, WAXD, and DMA. The results indicate that the fixed phase of this kind of novelshape memory materials is the network, and the reversible phase is the amorphous state of PEG:PMAA complex phase. Theshape recoverability almost reaches 100%. This type of complexes can be regarded as a novel shape memory network.

关键词： Hydrogen bonded complex Shape memory effect Storage modulus ratio