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大模型时代下的汉语自然语言处理研究与探索

计算机工程与应用 2025年第1期61卷 80-97页

作者：黄施洋奚雪峰崔志明苏州科技大学电子与信息工程学院江苏苏州215000 苏州市虚拟现实智能交互及应用技术重点实验室江苏苏州215000 苏州科技大学智慧城市研究院江苏苏州215000

自然语言处理是实现人机交互的关键步骤,而汉语自然语言处理(Chinese natural language processing,CNLP)是其中的重要组成部分。随着大模型技术的发展,CNLP进入了一个新的阶段,这些汉语大模型具备更强的泛化能力和更快的任务适应性。然... 详细信息

自然语言处理是实现人机交互的关键步骤,而汉语自然语言处理(Chinese natural language processing,CNLP)是其中的重要组成部分。随着大模型技术的发展,CNLP进入了一个新的阶段,这些汉语大模型具备更强的泛化能力和更快的任务适应性。然而,相较于英语大模型,汉语大模型在逻辑推理和文本理解能力方面仍存在不足。介绍了图神经网络在特定CNLP任务中的优势,进行了量子机器学习在CNLP发展潜力的调查。总结了大模型的基本原理和技术架构,详细整理了大模型评测任务的典型数据集和模型评价指标,评估比较了当前主流的大模型在CNLP任务中的效果。分析了当前CNLP存在的挑战,并对CNLP任务的未来研究方向进行了展望,希望能帮助解决当前CNLP存在的挑战,同时为新方法的提出提供了一定的参考。

关键词：汉语自然语言处理图神经网络量子机器学习汉语大模型

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武汉东湖底栖动物多样性分布的影响因素及历史变化

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湖泊科学 2025年第1期37卷 204-214页

作者：喻曾曾和雅静吴俊燕赵永晶崔永德中国科学院水生生物研究所武汉430072 中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院北京100049

探究城市湖泊物种和功能多样性分布及其历史变化有助于了解人类干扰对生态系统的影响。本研究于20202021年对武汉东湖不同湖区的底栖动物进行3次季节性调查,并搜集了19702020年文献中的历史数据,就底栖动物物种、功能和系统发育多样性... 详细信息

探究城市湖泊物种和功能多样性分布及其历史变化有助于了解人类干扰对生态系统的影响。本研究于20202021年对武汉东湖不同湖区的底栖动物进行3次季节性调查,并搜集了19702020年文献中的历史数据,就底栖动物物种、功能和系统发育多样性的空间分布和历史变化进行了比较,通过获取2000、2010及2020年东湖湖滨带1 km缓冲区的不同土地利用方式占比变化,分析了底栖动物多样性与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明:调查共记录底栖动物97属种,团湖总种类数最高,后湖功能丰富度最高,功能均匀度在庙湖最高,在菱角湖最低,系统发育的分类多样性指数在团湖最高,分类差异指数在庙湖最高。总物种数与总氮、总磷呈负相关,耐污种种类数与总磷呈负相关,功能均匀度与耕地占比呈正相关,功能丰富度与总氮、总磷呈负相关,分类多样性指数与总氮、总磷呈负相关。结合历史数据,1970s 2020s水生昆虫占比呈现先下降后上升的趋势,到2010s底栖动物有个体小型化的趋势,后有所恢复。

关键词：底栖动物功能多样性土地利用历史变化东湖

综合性大学师范生专业发展现状及影响因素研究

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教师教育学报 2025年第1期12卷 47-55页

作者：平翠李广东北师范大学教师教育研究院吉林长春130024

师范生的专业发展水平直接关乎其未来从教的稳定性,也会间接影响教育质量。基于全国五大地区3787名综合性大学师范生的发展水平问卷调查发现:综合性大学师范生的总体专业发展水平较高,专业能力的发展水平低于其他维度,尤其体现为学科转... 详细信息

师范生的专业发展水平直接关乎其未来从教的稳定性,也会间接影响教育质量。基于全国五大地区3787名综合性大学师范生的发展水平问卷调查发现:综合性大学师范生的总体专业发展水平较高,专业能力的发展水平低于其他维度,尤其体现为学科转化能力有待进一步提升;大三年级师范生的专业发展艰难,具体表现为角色认同摇摆和职业规划尚不明朗。研究还发现,师范生发展水平存在一定差异。随着生源地在城市、乡镇和村(屯)中的变化,师范生在某些方面的表现可能会呈现出不同特征。为提升综合性大学师范生的专业发展水平,应贯通学科课程,提高师范生学科理解力;营造教师教育文化,增强教师角色认同;凸显教师教育课程的区域性,推进高质量教师队伍均衡建设。

关键词：综合性大学师范生职前发展现状专业发展高质量教师队伍

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New Wronskian Form of the N-Soliton Solution to a (2+1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第6期29卷 72-74页

作者： cui Kai School of Economics and Management North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046

Soliton phenomena exist in nonlinear science and the financial *** using the Wronskian technique,a new Wronskian condition is proposed for a (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton ***,with the help of the bilinear transformation,a new Wronskian form of the N-soliton solution is obtained for the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation.

关键词： equation field soliton

Beyond Performance of Learning Control Subject to Uncertainties and Noise: A Frequency-Domain Approach Applied to Wafer Stages

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期 198-214页

作者： Fazhi Song Ning cui Shuaiqi Chen Kai Zhang Yang Liu Xinkai Chen Jiubin Tan IEEE the Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology the Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Intelligent Instrumentation Ministry of Industry and Information Technology the State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Guangdong University of Technology the Center of Ultraprecision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology the Key Laboratory of UltraPrecision Intelligent Instrumentation Ministry of Industry and Information Technology the Department of Electronic and Information Systems Shibaura Institute of Technology

The increasingly stringent performance requirement in integrated circuit manufacturing, characterized by smaller feature sizes and higher productivity, necessitates the wafer stage executing a extreme motion with the accuracy in terms of nanometers. This demanding requirement witnesses a widespread application of iterative learning control(ILC), given the repetitive nature of wafer scanning. ILC enables substantial performance improvement by using past measurement data in combination with the system model knowledge. However, challenges arise in cases where the data is contaminated by the stochastic noise, or when the system model exhibits significant uncertainties, constraining the achievable performance. In response to this issue, an extended state observer(ESO) based adaptive ILC approach is proposed in the frequency *** being model-based, it utilizes only a rough system model and then compensates for the resulting model uncertainties using an ESO, thereby achieving high robustness against uncertainties with minimal modeling effort. Additionally, an adaptive learning law is developed to mitigate the limited performance in the presence of stochastic noise, yielding high convergence accuracy yet without compromising convergence speed. Simulation and experimental comparisons with existing model-based and data-driven inversion-based ILC validate the effectiveness as well as the superiority of the proposed method.

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Microwave metamaterials

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National Science Review 2018年第2期5卷 134-136页

作者： Tie Jun cui State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University

Metamaterials are artificial structures with tailored meta-atoms at subwavelength scales to control electromagnetic waves at ***,metamaterials are described by effective medium parameters(*** of refraction,permittivity and permeability)due to the subwavelength nature of *** the meta-atom is comparable to the wavelength,the effective medium description

关键词： METAMATERIALS MICROWAVES

Preparation of Chlorinated Poly(propylene carbonate) and Its Distinguished Properties

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2017年第9期35卷 1086-1096页

作者： Xi-hua cui Jing Jin Jie cui 赵桂艳姜伟 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Poly（propylene carbonate）（PPC）, the copolymerization product of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide, was chlorinated for the first time in our laboratory. Nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectroscopy and ion chromatography test showed that chlorine atoms were successfully introduced onto the polymer chains of PPC. We named this newborn polymer material as chlorinated poly（propylene carbonate）（CPPC）. It is worth noting that the reaction conditions of the chlorination of PPC were quite mild, which could be easily and simply realized at industrial level. What is more important is that CPPC possessed many more distinguished properties in solubility, wettability, adhesiveness, and gas barrier compared with PPC. For example, the bonding strength of CPPC as thermal adhesive is nearly four times higher than that of PPC for wood, stainless steel and glass. The oxygen permeability coefficient of CPPC exhibits a decrease of 33% compared with that of PPC. Moreover, CPPC is quite stable in air, whereas it could be well biodegraded in soil compared with PPC. These results indicated that CPPC could be widely used in the fields of coating, adhesive, barrier materials and so on, which could greatly promote the development of PPC industry.

关键词： Poly(propylene carbonate) Chlorination Biodegradability Adhesive Gas barrier

Effects of Service Condition on Rolling Contact Fatigue Failure Mechanism and Lifetime of Thermal Spray Coatings——A Review

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第1期28卷 132-139页

作者： cui Huawei cui Xiufang WANG Haidou XING Zhiguo JIN Guo Institute of Surface/Interface Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University National Key Lab for Remanufacturing Academy of Armored Forces Engineering

The service condition determines the Roiling Contact Fatigue（RCF） failure mechanism and lifetime under ascertain material structure integrity parameter of thermal spray coating. The available literature on the RCF testing of thermal spray coatings under various condition services is considerable; it is generally difficult to synthesize all of the result to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the parameters which has a great effect on a thermal spray coating＇s resistance of RCF. The effects of service conditions（lubrication states, contact stresses, revolve speed, and slip ratio） on the changing of thermal spray coatings＇ contact fatigue lifetime is introduced systematically. The effects of different service condition on RCF failure mechanism of thermal spray coating from the change of material structure integrity are also summarized. Moreover, In order to enhance the RCF performance, the parameter optimal design formula of service condition and material structure integrity is proposed based on the effect of service condition on thermal spray coatings＇ contact fatigue lifetime and RCF failure mechanism. The shortage of available literature and the forecast focus in future researches are discussed based on available research. The explicit result of RCF lifetime law and parameter optimal design formula in term of lubrication states, contact stresses, revolve speed, and slip ratio, is significant to improve the RCF performance on the engineering application.

关键词： rolling contact fatigue lubrication conditions contact stress revolve speed slip ratio

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西兰花苗中萝卜硫素合成的调控手段研究进展

食品科学 2025年第1期46卷 210-217页

作者：李翠方胜赵忠良刘海杰中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院北京100083 江苏新希望生态科技有限公司江苏徐州221150

萝卜硫素(sulforaphane,SFN)具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、减轻肥胖等多种生物学活性,在西兰花苗中含量最高,使西兰花苗在保健食品和药品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文首先综述SFN在西兰花苗中的合成及降解过程,重点讨论在西兰花苗生... 详细信息

萝卜硫素(sulforaphane,SFN)具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、减轻肥胖等多种生物学活性,在西兰花苗中含量最高,使西兰花苗在保健食品和药品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文首先综述SFN在西兰花苗中的合成及降解过程,重点讨论在西兰花苗生长阶段采用不同处理手段对SFN及其合成相关因子含量的影响,并对其作用机理进行总结分析,最后提出目前还存在的问题及对未来研究方向的展望,为提高植物源食品功能性的相关研究提供一定参考。

关键词：西兰花苗硫代葡萄糖苷萝卜硫素生成机理调控