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山洪灾害临界雨量确定方法对比研究--以雅安名山河流域为例

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自然灾害学报 2024年第3期33卷 89-99页

作者：徐金霞郭海燕邓国卫高歌刘佳徐沅鑫中国气象局成都高原气象研究所/高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室四川成都610072 四川省气候中心四川成都610072 中国气象局国家气候中心暨气候研究开放实验室北京100081 四川省气象灾害防御技术中心四川成都610072

临界雨量是山洪灾害预警的重要指标,以雅安名山河流域为例,依据山洪灾情记录与逐小时降水数据,采用3种基于数据驱动的统计归纳法和基于灾变物理机制的FloodArea水文水力学方法,对比分析了名山河流域不同降雨历时(1、3、6、12、24 h)的... 详细信息

临界雨量是山洪灾害预警的重要指标,以雅安名山河流域为例,依据山洪灾情记录与逐小时降水数据,采用3种基于数据驱动的统计归纳法和基于灾变物理机制的FloodArea水文水力学方法,对比分析了名山河流域不同降雨历时(1、3、6、12、24 h)的山洪灾害临界雨量。通过研究发现,单站临界雨量法适用于雨量站分布均匀且站点密度高的区域,区域临界雨量法基于流域面雨量而非站点雨量,适用于雨量站布设稀疏的区域,其计算结果较实际情况偏低。灾害与降雨同频率法以县站长时间极值序列为样本,基于概率密度函数计算与灾害发生频率对应的临界雨量值,发现广义极值分布拟合效果最优、对数正态与耿贝尔分布次之。该方法数据需求简单,尤其适用于对灾情记录不全以及站点分布稀疏地区,但其存在山洪频率计算偏低情况下,临界雨量值计算结果偏高的问题,可依据实际情况采用合适的衰减系数,适当调整,减小误差。FloodArea水文模型更适用于精细化山区小流域山洪灾害过程的模拟,计算得到四级山洪灾害预警临界雨量值偏小,实际更接近三级风险雨量值。结果表明,统计方法倾向于高估,而水文模型指标则可能低估,山洪灾害临界雨量的推求可依据数据的实际情况综合采用多个方法进行复核订正。

关键词：山洪灾害临界雨量概率密度 FloodArea模型

基于FloodArea模型的成都主城区内涝风险评估

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气象科技 2024年第2期52卷 265-276页

作者：邓国卫孙俊徐沅鑫徐金霞彭骏四川省气候中心成都610072 中国气象局成都高原气象研究所/高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室成都610072 四川省气象灾害防御技术中心成都610072 中国气象局成都高原气象研究所成都610072

本文以成都主城区为例,运用气象数据、地理信息数据、社会经济统计数据及内涝灾情资料,通过多种常用分布函数的对比,选出重现期降水估算的最优函数,采用Pilgrim&Cordery法推求研究区的小时雨型,然后结合改进的基于FloodArea内涝模型,开... 详细信息

本文以成都主城区为例,运用气象数据、地理信息数据、社会经济统计数据及内涝灾情资料,通过多种常用分布函数的对比,选出重现期降水估算的最优函数,采用Pilgrim&Cordery法推求研究区的小时雨型,然后结合改进的基于FloodArea内涝模型,开展了24 h历时20、30、50、100 a一遇降水情景内涝模拟,并利用修订的内涝公路风险等级标准和财产损失曲线,探讨100 a一遇降水情景下内涝交通风险等级和居民室内财产损失风险。结果表明:①GEV(Generalized Extreme Value Distribution)分布函数是成都主城区重现期降水估算的最优函数;主城区24 h历时小时雨型呈双峰型,且峰值出现在降水过程前部。②基于FloodArea模型,通过对输入数据或参数的改进,能够较好模拟城市内涝空间分布;各降水情景模拟结果显示高新南区、高新西区、青羊区内涝淹没范围占比相较其他地区偏高。③24 h历时100 a一遇降水情景内涝可造成成都主城区86.1%公路长度占比出行困难,其中一级风险公路长度占比为10.5%,二、三级风险公路长度占比分别为27.5%、28.4%,成华区内涝公路风险最高。④24 h历时100 a一遇降水情景内涝可造成居民室内财产潜在损失约占主城区GDP(Gross Domestic Product)的0.8%,其中武侯区财产损失风险最大,潜在损失占其GDP的1.6%。

关键词：城市内涝风险评估财产损失 FloodArea模型成都

基于概率模型的四川省降水诱发地质灾害风险预警方法研究

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气象与环境科学 2024年第4期47卷 60-68页

作者：邓国卫孙俊郭海燕徐沅鑫徐金霞四川省气候中心成都610072 中国气象局成都高原气象研究所/高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室成都610072 四川省气象灾害防御技术中心成都610072

开展降水诱发地质灾害风险预警是降低地质灾害风险的重要手段之一。基于2008-2019年四川省地质灾害历史灾情数据,在地理分区基础上,以地形、岩土、植被、气候因子为区划评价因子,采用信息量模型,将四川省划分为7个地质灾害分区。以正态... 详细信息

开展降水诱发地质灾害风险预警是降低地质灾害风险的重要手段之一。基于2008-2019年四川省地质灾害历史灾情数据,在地理分区基础上,以地形、岩土、植被、气候因子为区划评价因子,采用信息量模型,将四川省划分为7个地质灾害分区。以正态化处理后的地质灾害有效降水量为建模因子,采用高斯拟合方法,建立各分区降水诱发地质灾害概率模型,并进行地质灾害预警检验。结果表明:(1)四川省可划分为盆地及盆周山区低易发区、中等易发区、高易发区,西南山地次易发区、易发区,川西高原次易发区、易发区等7个地质灾害分区。(2)ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)曲线分析表明,盆地及盆周山区的地质灾害分区精度略低于西南山地区和川西高原区的分区精度。(3)各分区正态化处理后的有效降水量与地质灾害频率具有很好的高斯分布关系。(4)建立的降水诱发地质灾害概率模型的地质灾害预警成功率为72%,当日降水量≥10 mm时,地质灾害预警成功率为83%。

关键词：地质灾害风险预警有效降水

Gather wisdom to overcome barriers:Well-designed nano-drug delivery systems for treating gliomas

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第3期12卷 1100-1125页

作者： Jiwei Cui yuanxin xu Haiyan Tu Huacong Zhao Honglan Wang Liuqing Di Ruoning Wang College of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery SystemNanjing 210023China

Due to the special physiological and pathological characteristics of gliomas,most therapeutic drugs are prevented from entering the *** improve the poor prognosis of existing therapies,researchers have been continuously developing non-invasive methods to overcome barriers to gliomas *** these strategies can be used clinically to overcome the blood-brain barrier(BBB),the accurate delivery of drugs to the glioma lesions cannot be ***-drug delivery systems(NDDS)have been widely used for precise drug *** recent years,researchers have gathered their wisdom to overcome barriers,so many well-designed NDDS have performed prominently in preclinical *** meticulous designs mainly include cascade passing through BBB and targeting to glioma lesions,drug release in response to the glioma microenvironment,biomimetic delivery systems based on endogenous cells/extracellular vesicles/protein,and carriers created according to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese *** reviewed these well-designed NDDS in ***,we discussed the current ongoing and completed clinical trials of NDDS for gliomas therapy,and analyzed the challenges and trends faced by clinical translation of these well-designed NDDS.

关键词： Glioma Blood-brain barrier Non-invasive strategies Nano-drug delivery systems Cascade targeting Responsive delivery and release Biomimetic designs Active ingredients Traditional Chinese medicine

Active control of circular cylinder flow by affiliated rotating cylinders

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第5期56卷 1186-1197页

作者： WANG JianSheng xu yuanxin TIAN YongSheng Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy MOESchool of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin University

This study puts forward an active control method for circular cylinder flow by placing two small affiliated rotating cylinders adjacent to the main cylinder,and their effects on the drag and lift forces acting on the main cylinder as well as the heat transfer effectiveness are numerically *** to the diameter of the main cylinder the Reynolds number is chosen as Re=*** well-proven finite volume method is employed for the *** code is validated by comparing the present computed results of flow passing an isolated rotating cylinder with those available from the *** describe the present control model,two parameters are defined:the rotation direction of the two small cylinders(including co-current rotation and counter-current rotation) and the dimensionless rotation *** the simulation,the rotation rate varies from 0 to *** results indicate that the optimum rotation direction of the subsidiary cylinders,which is beneficial to both drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement,is the co-current rotating(the upper affiliated cylinder spins clockwise and the lower affiliated cylinder spins counter-clockwise).We observe noticeable suppression of the vortex shedding and favorable reduction of the fluid forces acting on the main cylinder as the rotation rate ***,the pressure and viscous components of the drag force are *** balance between energy cost for activating the rotating cylinders and energy saving by the momentum injection is *** addition,the influence of the affiliated rotating cylinders on heat transfer is also *** average Nusselt number is found to increase with the rotation rate.

关键词：旋转气缸主动控制圆柱绕流旋转圆筒计算结果旋转方向强化传热旋转速度

MOF-templated tubular Ni_(1−x)Co_(x)S_(2)-CdS heterojunction with intensified direct Z-scheme charge transmission for highly promoted visible-light photocatalysis

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6281-6293页

作者： Chuan Jiang yuanxin Qiu Xinxin Xin Yanyan Li Huilin Li Hui Wang Jixiang xu Haifeng Lin Lei Wang Volodymyr Turkevych Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green ManufactureCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of EducationSchool of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China V.Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyiv 04074Ukraine

Hollow semiconductor nanostructures with direct Z-scheme heterojunction have significant advantages for photocatalytic reactions,and optimizing the interfacial charge transmission of Z-scheme heterojunction is the hinge to achieve excellent solar conversion *** this work,tubular Ni_(1−x)Co_(x)S_(2)-CdS heterostructures with reinforced Z-scheme charge transmission were constructed through an In-metal-organic framework(MOF)templated *** Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism was sufficiently confirmed by combining density functional theory(DFT)calculation,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),surface photovoltage spectroscopy(SPV),and radical testing ***,the use of sodium citrate complexant contributes to the formation of intimate heterointerface,and the Fermi level gap between CdS and NiS_(2)is enlarged through Co doping into NiS_(2),which enhances the built-in electric field and photo-carriers transmission driving force for Ni_(1−x)Co_(x)S_(2)-CdS heterojunction,resulting in an evidently promoted activity toward H2 evolution reaction(HER).Under visible-light(λ>400 nm)irradiation,the Ni_(1−x)Co_(x)S_(2)-CdS composite with 10 mol%Co doping and 80 wt.%CdS(NC_(0.10)S-80%CdS)achieved an outstanding HER rate up to 35.94 mmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1)(corresponding to the apparent quantum efficiency of 34.7%at 420 nm),approximately 76.4 times that of 3 wt.%Pt-loaded CdS and it is much superior to that of most CdS-based photocatalysts ever ***,the good photocatalytic durability of Ni_(1−x)Co_(x)S_(2)-CdS heterostructures was validated by cycling and long-term HER *** work could inspire the development of high-performance Z-scheme heterojunction via optimizing the morphology and interfacial charge transmission.

关键词： tubular heterostructure Z-scheme charge transmission interfacial coupling built-in electric field visible-light photocatalysis

Monoclonal antibody-based cancer therapies

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第2期34卷 301-307页

作者： Yingnan Si Arin L.Melkonian Keegan C.Curry yuanxin xu Maranda Tidwell Mingming Liu Ahmed F.Zaky Xiaoguang(Margaret)Liu Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham(UAB)1825 University BlvdBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Medicine UAB17202nd Ave S.BirminghamAL 35294USA Chinese Medicine Hospital 98 Shengcheng StreetShouguang 262700China Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine UAB62519th Street SouthBirminghamAL 35294USA

Targeted therapy has been widely demonstrated as an effective strategy to treat cancers,the leading cause of death in the *** minireview summarizes the technical platforms and methodologies utilized to develop and engineer therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug ***,the USA FDA approved monoclonal antibody(mAb)-based targeted therapies are *** the representative innovative chimeric,humanized and fully human anti-cancer antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates are ***,the past and predictive market trend of therapeutic antibodies is discussed.

关键词： Monoclonal antibody Antibody-drug conjugate Anti-cancer therapy Market

基于转录组学探究高糖饮食诱导秀丽线虫衰老的分子机制

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食品科学 2024年第11期45卷 24-30页

作者：李蓉徐艳缪园欣陶明芳荆楚理工学院农业生物技术研究所湖北荆门448000 湖北省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所农产品营养品质与安全湖北省重点实验室湖北武汉430064

为了揭示高糖饮食对衰老影响的分子机制,利用转录组学技术探究高糖饮食对秀丽线虫体基因表达谱的影响。结果表明,高糖饮食造成线虫体内4183个基因表达发生显著变化。此外,基因本体论富集分析表明,高糖处理后线虫差异表达基因在衰老、未... 详细信息

为了揭示高糖饮食对衰老影响的分子机制,利用转录组学技术探究高糖饮食对秀丽线虫体基因表达谱的影响。结果表明,高糖饮食造成线虫体内4183个基因表达发生显著变化。此外,基因本体论富集分析表明,高糖处理后线虫差异表达基因在衰老、未折叠蛋白反应、压力应激响应、自噬、转移酶活力、催化酶活力、热休克蛋白连接等方面显著富集。京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析表明,差异表达基因在线虫寿命调节途径、自噬调节、丙酮酸代谢、FOXO信号通路、糖酵解/糖异生、谷胱甘肽代谢、转化生长因子-β信号通路也显著富集。通过对相关差异基因表达进行验证,发现高糖会上调胰岛素信号通路相关基因和糖脂代谢相关基因的表达,下调热应激抗性和抗氧化调控相关基因的表达。本研究结果可为深入阐释高糖饮食对寿命及代谢影响的分子机制提供理论依据。

关键词：高糖饮食秀丽隐杆线虫转录组学衰老

Chemical biology investigation of a triple-action,smart-decomposition antimicrobial booster based-combination therapy against “ESKAPE” pathogens

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 3071-3082页

作者： Min Wang Huangsheng Pu Yangfan xu Chenxuan Wu yuanxin Gu Qingyun Cai Guoxing Yin Peng Yin Chunhui Zhang Wing-Leung Wong Muyang Wan Yugang Bai Xinxin Feng State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biologyand School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University College of Biology Hunan University College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices National University of Defense Technology Nanhu Laser Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs The Third Hospital of Changsha (The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan University)

The global antibiotic resistance crisis necessitates urgent solutions. One innovative approach involves potentiating antibiotics and non-antibiotic drugs with adjuvants or boosters. A major drawback of these membrane-active boosters is their limited biocompatibility, as they struggle to differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic membranes. This study reports the chemical biology investigation of a dual-action oligoamidine(OA1) booster with a glutathione-triggered decomposition mechanism. OA1, when combined with other antimicrobial molecules, exhibits a triple-targeting mechanism including cell membrane disruption, DNA targeting, and intracellular enzyme inhibition. This multi-targeting mechanism not only enhances the in vitro and in vivo eradication of antibiotic-resistant “ESKAPE” pathogens, but also suppresses the development of bacterial resistance. Furthermore, OA1 maintains its activity in bacterial cells by creating an oxidative environment, while it quickly decomposes in mammalian cells due to high glutathione levels. These mechanistic insights and design principles may provide a feasible approach to develop novel antimicrobial agents and effective anti-resistance combination therapies.

关键词： antimicrobial booster oligoamidine membrane disruption DNA targeting triggered degradation anti-resistance