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区域科技人力资源测度及影响因素研究

中国科技论坛 2022年第4期 109-119页

作者：马茹黄园淅中国社会科学评价研究院北京100000 中国科协创新战略研究院北京100000

科技人力资源是完善国家创新体系和建设科技强国亟须储备的重要国家战略科技力量,文章测度分析中国区域科技人力资源总量及结构,构建影响因素分析框架以研究揭示影响科技人力资源储备的关键因素。研究发现:①中国科技人力资源储备不断扩... 详细信息

科技人力资源是完善国家创新体系和建设科技强国亟须储备的重要国家战略科技力量,文章测度分析中国区域科技人力资源总量及结构,构建影响因素分析框架以研究揭示影响科技人力资源储备的关键因素。研究发现:①中国科技人力资源储备不断扩大,但密度明显低于世界发达国家。东部科技人力资源领先优势明显且仍在扩大。②科技人力资源积累过程中,生存性人力资本和健康、教育、科技投入及迁移流动从供给侧产生显著推力;微观创新主体能力提升、中观产业结构升级、宏观经济高质量发展从需求侧产生显著拉力。同时,上述影响因素在不同经济发展水平地区表现出作用差异。

关键词：科技人力资源影响因素区域差异

CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer

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Holistic Integrative Oncology 2022年第1期1卷 76-126页

作者： Jiong Wu Daiming Fan Zhimin Shao Binghe Xu Guosheng Ren Zefei Jiang Yongsheng Wang Feng Jin Jin Zhang Qingyuan Zhang Fei Ma Jinli Ma Zhonghua Wang Shusen Wang Xiaojia Wang Shu Wang Haibo Wang Tao Wang Xiang Wang Jing Wang Jia Wang Biyun Wang Li Fu Hongyuan Li Yehui Shi Lu Gan Yunjiang Liu Jian Liu Zhenzhen Liu Qiang Liu Qiang Sun Wenwu Cheng Keda Yu Zhongsheng Tong Xinhong Wu Chuangui Song Jianguo Zhang Jian Zhang Junjie Li Bin Li Man Li Huiping Li Wentao Yang Hongjian Yang Benlong Yang Hong Bu Juping Shen Zhenzhou Shen Yiding Chen Ceshi Chen Da Pang Zhimin Fan Ying Zheng Xiaoli Yu Guangyu Liu Xichun Hu Yiqun Ling Jinhai Tang Yongmei Yin Cuizhi Geng Peng Yuan Yajia Gu Cai Chang Xuchen Cao Yuan Sheng yuanxi huang Jian huang Weijun Peng Xiaohua Zeng Yuntao Xie Ning Liao Committee of Breast Cancer Society,Chinese Anti-Cancer Association Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai Department of Breast SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anChina National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery The First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhongChongqingChina Medicine-Oncology The Affliated Hospital of Military Medical Sciences(The 307th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army)BeijingChina Breast Disease Center Shandong Cancer HospitalJinanChina Department of Breast Surgery The First Affliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer China Tianjin Breast Cancer PreventionTreatment and Research CenterTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center of CancerTianjinChina Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital HarbinChina Department of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center GuangzhouChina Zhejiang Cancer Hospital HangzhouChina Breast Center Peking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina Department of Breast Center The Affliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityShandongChina Department of Oncology Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Breast Surgical Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Departmen

Purpose:Breast cancer is now the most common malignant tumor worldwide.About one-fourth of female cancer patients all over the world sufer from breast cancer.And about one in six female cancer deaths worldwide is caused by breast cancer.In terms of absolute numbers of cases and deaths,China ranks frst in the world.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer were edited to help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.Methods:The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to classify evidence and consensus.Results:The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer include the epidemiology of breast cancer,breast cancer screening,breast cancer diagnosis,early breast cancer treatment,advanced breast cancer treatment,follow-up,rehabilitation,and traditional Chinese medicine treatment of breast cancer patients.Conclusion:We to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.

关键词： Epidemiology of breast cancer Breast cancer screening Breast cancer diagnosis Early breast cancer treatment Advanced breast cancer treatment Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of breast cancer

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当前我国面向青年的科技奖励现状分析

中国科技人才 2022年第1期 42-48页

作者：黄园淅中国科协创新战略研究院北京100038

青年科技人才是建设科技强国和实现国家高水平自立自强的关键,也是重要的国家战略人才力量之一。通过科技奖励激发青年科技人才的积极性和创造性具有重要的现实意义。本文通过梳理当前我国青年科技人才获得科技奖励的整体情况和面向青... 详细信息

青年科技人才是建设科技强国和实现国家高水平自立自强的关键,也是重要的国家战略人才力量之一。通过科技奖励激发青年科技人才的积极性和创造性具有重要的现实意义。本文通过梳理当前我国青年科技人才获得科技奖励的整体情况和面向青年科技奖励奖项的主要特点,提出优化科技奖励体系,提高其对于青年科技人才积极作用的对策建议。

关键词：青年科技人才科技奖励正向激励

Associations of daily sedentary behavior,physical activity,and sleep with irritable bowel syndrome:A prospective analysis of 362,193 participants

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 72-80页

作者： Xu Gao Sifan Tian Ninghao huang Gang Sun Tao huang Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)substantially affects quality of life and requires early prevention.This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between IBS and daily behaviors,including sedentary behavior(SB),physical activity(PA),and sleep.In particular,it seeks to identify healthy behaviors to reduce IBS risk,which previous studies have rarely addressed.Methods:Daily behaviors were retrieved from self-reported data of 362,193 eligible UK Biobank participants.Incident cases were determined by self-report or health care data according to RomeⅣcriteria.Results:A total of 345,388 participants were IBS-free at baseline,during a median follow-up of 8.45 years,19,885 incident IBS cases were recorded.When examined individually,SB and shorter(≤7 h/day)or longer(>7 h/day)sleep duration were each positively associated with increased IBS risk,and PA was associated with lower IBS risk.The isotemporal substitution model suggested that replacing SB with other activities could provide further protective effects against IBS risk.Among people sleeping≤7 h/day,replacing 1 h of SB with equivalent light PA,vigorous PA,or sleep was associated with 8.1%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.901-0.937),5.8%(95%CI:0.896-0.991),and 9.2%(95%CI:0.885-0.932)reduced IBS risk,respectively.For people sleeping>7 h/day,light and vigorous PA were associated with a 4.8%(95%CI:0.926-0.978)and a 12.0%(95%CI:0.815-0.949)lower IBS risk,respectively.These benefits were mostly independent of genetic risk for IBS.Conclusion:SB and unhealthy sleep duration are risk factors for IBS.A promising way to mitigate IBS risk for individuals sleeping≤7 h/day and for those sleeping>7 h/day appears to be by replacing SB with adequate sleep or vigorous PA,respectively,regardless of the genetic predisposition of IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Isotemporal substitution model Physical activity Sedentary behavior Sleep

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乳腺癌内乳前哨淋巴结活检术的研究进展

现代肿瘤医学 2022年第8期30卷 1508-1512页

作者：张世园姜聪黄元夕哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科黑龙江哈尔滨150081

乳腺癌内乳淋巴结作为仅次于腋窝淋巴结的重要淋巴转移途径之一,其转移情况在乳腺癌的准确分期及个体化治疗中具有重要意义。内乳前哨淋巴结活检术可以通过微创的方式评估内乳淋巴结的转移情况,本文就乳腺癌内乳前哨淋巴结活检术的研究... 详细信息

乳腺癌内乳淋巴结作为仅次于腋窝淋巴结的重要淋巴转移途径之一,其转移情况在乳腺癌的准确分期及个体化治疗中具有重要意义。内乳前哨淋巴结活检术可以通过微创的方式评估内乳淋巴结的转移情况,本文就乳腺癌内乳前哨淋巴结活检术的研究进展进行综述。

关键词：乳腺癌内乳前哨淋巴结活检术研究进展

Fast Blood Oxygenation through Hemocompatible Asymmetric Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity Membranes

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 261-270页

作者： Xinxi huang Junping huang Pengcheng Su Wanbin Li Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health School of EnvironmentJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China

Membrane technology has attracted considerable attention for chemical and medical applications,among others.Artificial organs play important roles in medical science.A membrane oxygenator,also known as artificial lung,can replenish O_(2) and remove CO_(2) of blood to maintain the metabolism of patients with cardiopulmonary failure.However,the membrane,a key component,is subjected to inferior gas transport property,leakage propensity,and insufficient hemocompatibility.In this study,we report efficient blood oxygenation by using an asymmetric nanoporous membrane that is fabricated using the classic nonsolvent-induced phase separation method for polymer of intrinsic microporosity-1.The intrinsic superhydrophobic nanopores and asymmetric configuration endow the membrane with water impermeability and gas ultrapermeability,up to 3,500 and 1,100 gas permeation units for CO_(2) and O_(2),respectively.Moreover,the rational hydrophobic–hydrophilic nature,electronegativity,and smoothness of the surface enable the substantially restricted protein adsorption,platelet adhesion and activation,hemolysis,and thrombosis for the membrane.Importantly,during blood oxygenation,the asymmetric nanoporous membrane shows no thrombus formation and plasma leakage and exhibits fast O_(2) and CO_(2) transport processes with exchange rates of 20 to 60 and 100 to 350 ml m^(−2) min^(−1),respectively,which are 2 to 6 times higher than those of conventional membranes.The concepts reported here offer an alternative route to fabricate high-performance membranes and expand the possibilities of nanoporous materials for membrane-based artificial organs.

关键词： porosity asymmetric Oxygen

A thermodynamic perspective on electrode poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1449-1455页

作者： Kevin huang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaUSA

A critical challenge to the commercialization of clean and high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology is the insuf-ficient stack lifespan caused by a variety of degradation mechanisms,which are associated with cell components and chemical feedstocks.Cell components related degradation refers to thermal/chemical/electrochemical deterioration of cell materials under operating conditions,whereas the latter regards impurities in feedstocks of oxidant(air)and reductant(fuel).This article provides a thermodynamic perspective on the understanding of the impurities-induced degradation mechanisms in SOFCs.The discussion focuses on using thermodynamic ana-lysis to elucidate poisoning mechanisms in cathodes by impurity species such as Cr,CO_(2),H_(2)O,and SO_(2) and in the anode by species such as S(or H_(2)S),SiO_(2),and P_(2)(or PH_(3)).The author hopes the presented fundamental insights can provide a theoretical foundation for search-ing for better technical solutions to address the critical degradation challenges.

关键词： impurities air fuel reaction activity

In situ direct reprogramming of astrocytes to neurons via polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 knockdown in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2240-2248页

作者： Meng Yuan Yao Tang Tianwen huang Lining Ke En huang Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Department of Human Anatomy School of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Scientific Research Center School of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina

In situ direct reprogramming technology can directly convert endogenous glial cells into functional neurons in vivo for central nervous system repair. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1(PTB) knockdown has been shown to reprogram astrocytes to functional neurons in situ. In this study, we used AAV-PHP.e B-GFAP-sh PTB to knockdown PTB in a mouse model of ischemic stroke induced by endothelin-1, and investigated the effects of GFAP-sh PTB-mediated direct reprogramming to neurons. Our results showed that in the mouse model of ischemic stroke, PTB knockdown effectively reprogrammed GFAP-positive cells to neurons in ischemic foci, restored neural tissue structure, reduced inflammatory response, and improved behavioral function. These findings validate the effectiveness of in situ transdifferentiation of astrocytes, and suggest that the approach may be a promising strategy for stroke treatment.

关键词： astrocyte in situ direct reprogramming ischemic stroke miR-30 based shRNA neuron polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 transdifferentiation

Recurrent malignant hyperthermia after scoliosis correction surgery

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 70-72页

作者： Junfeng Su Man huang Department of General Intensive Care Unit the Second Affi liated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention of Multiple Organ Failure Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of ChinaHangzhou 310052China

Malignant hyperthermia(MH)is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscle cells that affects muscle cytoplasmic calcium homeostasis,with high mortality and low morbidity.Generally,it presents with non-specific signs of a hypermetabolic response,including high fever,tachycardia,and elevated end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO_(2)).The successful treatment lies in the timely recognition and early use of dantrolene.[1]As an inhibitor of Ca2+release through ryanodine receptor(RYR)channels,the skeletal muscle relaxant dantrolene has proven to be both a valuable experimental probe of intracellular Ca2+signaling and a lifesaving treatment for MH.[2]Dominant mutations in the skeletal muscle RYR1 gene are well-recognized causes of both malignant hyperthermia susceptibility(MHS)and central core disease(CCD).

关键词： hyperthermia malignant elevated