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Alterations of endotoxin distribution across different biofluids and relevant inflammatory responses by supplementing L-theanine in dairy cows during heat stress

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1253-1257页

作者： Zuo Wang Lingmei Zhang Zhicai Li yuannian yu Lingyuan Yang Peihua Zhang Weijun Shen Fachun Wan Jianhua He Wenjun Xiao Dasheng Yang Zhiliang Tan Shaoxun Tang College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128China Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan410125China College of Horticulture Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128China Deren Dairy Co.Ltd. ChangdeHunan415921China

The present trial was performed to reveal the regulatory effects of L-theanine on the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)endotoxin within different biofluids,as well as relevant inflammatory responses of dairy cattle under heat stress conditions.Thirty lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cattle(189±47 d in milk,and 2±1 parities)were allocated in a completely randomized design to each of 3 dietary treatments:the control(CON,0 g/d per cow L-theanine),the low L-theanine dosage treatment(LL,16 g/d per cow L-theanine),and the high L-theanine dosage treatment(HL,32 g/d per cow L-theanine).This trial consisted of 38 d(7 d for adaption and 31 d for data and sample collection),and sample collection for rumen liquid,blood plasma or serum,and milk were conducted on the d 27 and 38,respectively.Dairy cattle were constantly exposed to environmental heat stress during this experiment according to the recorded temperature-humidity index(THI).In the LL treatment,LPS concentration in rumen liquid was higher(P<0.05),whilst LPS densities in plasma and milk were lower(P<0.05)than those of the CON.Supplementing L-theanine at 2 dosages both significantly lowered(P<0.05)the level of interleukin(IL)-1βin the serum.Results of the present study suggested that L-theanine could be a promising additive in reducing the detrimental effects of heat stress on dairy cows,and L-theanine supplementation at 16 g/d per cow is preferred because it reduced the LPS translocation into the peripheral blood and LPS accumulation in the milk,as well as mitigated LPS-induced inflammatory reactions in dairy cows during heat stress.Further studies are necessitated to investigate the underlying mechanisms of L-theanine in LPS alteration and inflammation alleviation.

关键词： Heat stress Endotoxin L-theanine Inflammation

A chromosome-scale reference genome of Aquilegia oxysepala var.kansuensis

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1413-1425页

作者： Jinghe Xie Haifeng Zhao Kunpeng Li Rui Zhang Yongchao Jiang Meimei Wang Xuelian Guo Ben yu Hongzhi Kong yuannian Jiao Guixia Xu State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The genus Aquilegia(Ranunculaceae)has been cultivated as ornamental and medicinal plants for centuries.With petal spurs of strikingly diverse size and shape,Aquilegia has also been recognized as an excellent system for evolutionary studies.Pollinator‐mediated selection for longer spurs is believed to have shaped the evolution of this genus,especially the North American taxa.Recently,however,an opposite evolutionary trend was reported in an Asian lineage,where multiple origins of mini-or even nonspurred morphs have occurred.Interesting as it is,the lack of genomic resources has limited our ability to decipher the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying spur reduction in this special lineage.Using long-read sequencing(PacBio Sequel),in combination with optical maps(BioNano DLS)and Hi–C,we assembled a high-quality reference genome of A.oxysepala var.kansuensis,a sister species to the nonspurred taxon.The final assembly is approximately 293.2 Mb,94.6%(277.4 Mb)of which has been anchored to 7 pseudochromosomes.A total of 25,571 protein-coding genes were predicted,with 97.2%being functionally annotated.When comparing this genome with that of A.coerulea,we detected a large rearrangement between Chr1 and Chr4,which might have caused the Chr4 of A.oxysepala var.kansuensis to partly deviate from the“decaying”path that was taken before the split of Aquilegia and Semiaquilegia.This high-quality reference genome is fundamental to further investigations on the development and evolution of petal spurs and provides a strong foundation for the breeding of new horticultural Aquilegia cultivars.

关键词： striking foundation breeding

The Physalis floridana genome provides insights into the biochemical and morphological evolution of Physalis fruits

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 3349-3367页

作者： Jiangjie Lu Meifang Luo Li Wang Kunpeng Li Yongyi yu Weifei Yang Pichang Gong Huihui Gao Qiaoru Li Jing Zhao Lanfeng Wu Mingshu Zhang Xueyang Liu Xuemei Zhang Xian Zhang Jieyu Kang Tongyuan yu Zhimin Li yuannian Jiao Huizhong Wang Chaoying He State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNanxincun 20100093 XiangshanBeijingChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants College of Life and Environmental ScienceHangzhou Normal University310036 HangzhouChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road 19100049 BeijingChina Annoroad Gene Technology(Beijing)Co Ltd100176 BeijingChina The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The fruits of Physalis(Solanaceae)have a unique structure,a lantern-like fruiting calyx known as inflated calyx syndrome(ICS)or the Chinese lantern,and are rich in steroid-related compounds.However,the genetic variations underlying the origin of these characteristic traits and diversity in Physalis remain largely unknown.Here,we present a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly of Physalis floridana(~1.40Gb in size)with a contig N50 of~4.87Mb.Through evolutionary genomics and experimental approaches,we found that the loss of the SEP-like MADS-box gene MBP21 subclade is likely a key mutation that,together with the previously revealed mutation affecting floral MPF2 expression,might have contributed to the origination of ICS in Physaleae,suggesting that the origination of a morphological novelty may have resulted from an evolutionary scenario in which one mutation compensated for another deleterious mutation.Moreover,the significant expansion of squalene epoxidase genes is potentially associated with the natural variation of steroid-related compounds in Physalis fruits.The results reveal the importance of gene gains(duplication)and/or subsequent losses as genetic bases of the evolution of distinct fruit traits,and the data serve as a valuable resource for the evolutionary genetics and breeding of solanaceous crops.

关键词： breeding evolution bases

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盆钵形状和植株数对盆栽大豆农艺性状的影响

西北农业学报 2012年第7期21卷 112-117页

作者：李得孝张昊俞嫒年姚丹妤雷志伟李玲西北农林科技大学农学院陕西杨凌712100

以有限结荚习性的小粒豆材料V97-9003为试材,在固定盆钵容积的情况下,改变盆钵规格(直径和深度),或者在固定盆钵规格的情况下,改变种植株数,考察盆栽大豆农艺性状的变化。结果表明,①在固定盆钵容积的情况下,管径变大(即管高缩短),大豆... 详细信息

以有限结荚习性的小粒豆材料V97-9003为试材,在固定盆钵容积的情况下,改变盆钵规格(直径和深度),或者在固定盆钵规格的情况下,改变种植株数,考察盆栽大豆农艺性状的变化。结果表明,①在固定盆钵容积的情况下,管径变大(即管高缩短),大豆有效分枝数显著增加;不同管高对有效分枝数的影响不显著,大豆有效分枝数主要受盆径大小(即单株种植面积)的影响。②大豆株高在容积相同的不同盆钵间差异未达到统计显著水平,而在同一管径的盆钵中,盆钵深度增加则株高显著降低,大豆株高主要受盆钵深度影响。③在固定盆钵规格的情况下,株高、无效结荚数和百粒质量对种植密度反应不敏感。其他测定农艺性状对大豆栽植密度反应敏感。以盆栽植株数为自变量(x),拟合的回归方程为结荚高度y=0.852 1 x+7.373 3(r2=0.732 6),主茎节数y=-0.336 4 x+14.88(r2=0.931 5),有效分枝数y=10.889x-0.636 4(r2=0.848 4),单株有效荚数y=270.45x-0.759(r2=0.828 8),单株粒质量y=70.464x-0.798 6(r2=0.863 6),单株根质量y=7.154 9x-0.642 5(r2=0.763 3)。在盆栽株数低于8株或7株时,每盆总粒数、总粒质量和总根质量与盆栽株数的关系可以用直线方程进行拟合,即每盆总粒数y=90.921 x+453(r2=0.798 3),每盆总粒质量y=9.621 4 x+57.804(r2=0.716 5),每盆总根质量y=1.329 6 x+6(r2=0.904 9)。

关键词：盆栽试验盆钵规格种植密度农艺性状大豆

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亚麻油对宁乡猪不同组织长链脂肪酸谱的影响

动物营养学报 2020年第6期32卷 2567-2574页

作者：邢月腾郁元年谢春艳吴信肖定福杨志武张彬湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院长沙410128 湖南农业大学资源环境学院长沙410128 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所长沙410125 宁乡市畜牧兽医水产局长沙410600

本试验旨在研究亚麻油对宁乡猪背肌和3种不同脂肪组织中长链脂肪酸谱的影响,并探究脂肪酸生成的潜在机制。选取日龄相近、平均体重(43.21±0.64) kg的宁乡阉母猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究亚麻油对宁乡猪背肌和3种不同脂肪组织中长链脂肪酸谱的影响,并探究脂肪酸生成的潜在机制。选取日龄相近、平均体重(43.21±0.64) kg的宁乡阉母猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加2%亚麻油,试验期56 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加2%亚麻油后,宁乡猪背肌中花生一烯酸(C20∶1)、γ-亚麻酸(C18∶3n-6)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3n-3)含量显著提高(P<0.05),花生四烯酸(C20∶4n-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05);饲粮中添加2%亚麻油对3个脂肪组织中脂肪酸含量的影响与背肌趋于一致,如能显著提高背脂、腹脂和肾周脂中亚油酸(C18∶2n-6c)、C18∶3n-6、C18∶3n-3、二十碳三烯酸(C20∶3n-6)含量(P<0.05),降低背脂和腹脂中油酸(C18∶1n-9c)(P<0.05)、C20∶4n-6(0.05≤P<0.10)及肾周脂中硬脂酸(C18∶0)含量(P<0.05);同时,饲粮中添加2%亚麻油还能显著降低3种脂肪组织中n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比值(P<0.05),使3种脂肪组织中平均n-6/n-3 PUFA比值降到5.92。此外,饲粮中添加2%亚麻油能显著下调背脂中乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α(ACCα)、γ-过氧化酶活化增生受体(PPARγ)和脂肪酸去饱和酶2(FADS2)基因的表达(P<0.05),对α-过氧化酶活化增生受体(PPARα)基因的表达也有抑制趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。上述结果表明,饲粮中添加2%亚麻油能显著提高宁乡猪背肌、背脂、腹脂和肾周脂中C18∶3n-3含量,使3种脂肪组织中平均n-6/n-3 PUFA比值降至《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》推荐范围(4~6)内;这可能是通过调控细胞分化及抑制脂肪酸从头合成途径实现的。

关键词：亚麻油长链脂肪酸脂代谢宁乡猪

亚麻油对宁乡猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

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动物营养学报 2018年第10期30卷 3875-3881页

作者：郁元年邢月腾李晨燕吴信杨志武刘星亮曾青华张彬湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院湖南省畜禽安全生产协同创新中心长沙410128 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术研究中心长沙410125 宁乡市畜牧兽医水产局宁乡410600

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加亚麻油(LO)对宁乡猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取日龄相近、体重约43 kg的宁乡阉母猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2%LO的试验饲粮,试验... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加亚麻油(LO)对宁乡猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取日龄相近、体重约43 kg的宁乡阉母猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2%LO的试验饲粮,试验期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加2%LO后,宁乡猪的平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),料重比有降低趋势(0.05≤P≤0.10);皮厚提高13.40%(0.05≤P≤0.10);肌肉剪切力降低21.89%(0.05≤P≤0.10),肌肉△pH提高21.37%(P<0.05);肝脏苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、甘氨酸(Gly)和精氨酸(Arg)含量显著提高(P<0.05),谷氨酸(Glu)、丙氨酸(Ala)和赖氨酸(Lys)含量有提高趋势(0.05≤P≤0.10)。上述结果表明,饲粮中添加2%LO可以改善宁乡猪的饲料转化率,提高肌肉嫩度和肝脏中部分必需氨基酸(Thr、Ser)的含量,但会对宁乡猪的皮厚和肌肉pH产生一定的负面影响。

关键词：亚麻油生长性能胴体性状肉品质氨基酸宁乡猪

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发酵豆粕在反刍动物生产中的研究及应用进展

中国饲料 2020年第15期 107-111页

作者：郁元年张彬张佩华沈维军万发春汤少勋王祚湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院湖南长沙410128 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所湖南长沙410125

豆粕是一种优质植物性蛋白质饲料,但其含有如胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗原蛋白以及植酸盐等抗营养因子。微生物发酵可以改善豆粕的营养价值,发酵后各种抗营养因子降解,小肽含量增加,赖氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸等必需氨基酸含量提高。本文综述了... 详细信息

豆粕是一种优质植物性蛋白质饲料,但其含有如胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗原蛋白以及植酸盐等抗营养因子。微生物发酵可以改善豆粕的营养价值,发酵后各种抗营养因子降解,小肽含量增加,赖氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸等必需氨基酸含量提高。本文综述了豆粕中的主要抗营养因子对反刍动物的危害,并就发酵豆粕在反刍动物生产中的应用进行概述,以期为今后深入的研究豆粕提供参考。

关键词：发酵豆粕抗营养因子反刍动物牛饲料羊饲料

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营养调控猪肉亚油酸的措施

饲料博览 2018年第5期28卷 15-18,25页

作者：李晨燕郁元年江倩茗邢月腾张彬湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院湖南长沙410128

文章介绍亚油酸的代谢和转运过程,综述提高猪肉亚油酸含量的营养调控途径,主要包括脂类、碳水化合物、蛋白质水平、乳酸菌和其他一些功能成分的调节作用及机制。

关键词：亚油酸代谢调控

杜仲提取物对宁乡猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响

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动物营养学报 2018年第12期30卷 5127-5133页

作者：李晨燕张杨肖定福邢月腾郁元年吴信刘星亮谢献明张旭曾勇波张彬湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院湖南省畜禽安全生产协同创新中心长沙410128 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所长沙410125 宁乡市畜牧兽医水产局宁乡410600

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加杜仲提取物对宁乡猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响。选择体重约43 kg的健康宁乡阉母猪24头,随机分为2个组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加1 500 mg/kg... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加杜仲提取物对宁乡猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响。选择体重约43 kg的健康宁乡阉母猪24头,随机分为2个组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加1 500 mg/kg杜仲提取物。试验期56 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加杜仲提取物可使宁乡猪的平均日增重略有增加,平均日采食量降低46.88 g/d,料重比降低2.74%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)饲粮中添加杜仲提取物可使宁乡猪的血清甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量分别增加33.33%(0.05≤P<0.10)和20.29%(P <0.05),血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著降低13. 21%(P <0.05)。3)饲粮中添加杜仲提取物可使宁乡猪肝脏单不饱和脂肪酸(M UFA)中的棕榈烯酸含量增加19.64%(0.05≤P<0.10),多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)中亚油酸含量降低10.71%(0.05≤P<0.10)。4)饲粮中添加杜仲提取物可使宁乡猪肝脏中甘油三酯脂肪酶(ATG L)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、肝X受体α(LXRα)和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)的mRNA表达量分别显著下调62.00%、76.00%、77.00%和82.00%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加杜仲提取物可提高宁乡猪的血清HDL含量,降低血清LDL含量,下调肝脏中FAS和ACC等的mRNA表达量,进而影响机体的脂肪酸代谢。

关键词：杜仲提取物生长性能血清生化指标脂肪酸宁乡猪