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Tuning the surface electronic structure of noble metal aerogels to promote the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 557-564,I0013页

作者： Hongxing yuan Wei gao Xinhao Wan Jianqi Ye Dan Wen State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072ShaanxiChina

The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is the bottleneck for various electrochemical energy conversion *** the electronic structure of electrocatalysts by ligands has received particular attention in deriving valid ORR ***,the surface electronic structure of Ptbased noble metal aerogels(NMAs)was modulated by various organic ligands,among which the electron-withdrawing ligand of 4-methylphenylene effectively boosted the ORR *** calculations suggested the smaller energy barrier for the transformation of O^(*) to OH^(*) and downshift the d-band center of Pt due to the interaction between 4-methylphenylene and the surface metals,thus enhancing the ORR intrinsic *** Pt3Ni and Pt Pd aerogels with 4-methylphenylene decoration performed significant enhancement in ORR activity and durability in different ***,the 4-methylphenylene modified Pt Pd aerogel exhibited the higher halfwave potential of 0.952 V and the mass activity of 10.2 times of commercial Pt/*** work explained the effect of electronic structure on ORR electrocatalytic properties and would promote functionalized NMAs as efficient ORR electrocatalysts.

关键词： Noble metal aerogels Surface electronic structure ORR Electrocatalyst Organic ligands

Research on ozone formation sensitivity based on observational methods:Development history,methodology,and application and prospects in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 543-560页

作者： Wanghui chu Hong Li yuanyuan Ji Xin Zhang Likun Xue Jian gao Cong An State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Observation-based method for O_(3)formation sensitivity research is an important tool to analyze the causes of ground-level O_(3)pollution,which has broad application potentials in determining the O_(3)pollution formation mechanism and developing prevention and control *** paper outlined the development history of research on O_(3)formation sensitivity based on observational methods,described the principle and applicability of the methodology,summarized the relative application results in China and provided recommendations on the prevention and control of O_(3)pollution in China based on relevant study results,and finally pointed out the shortcomings and future development prospects in this field in *** overview study showed that the O_(3)formation sensitivity in some urban areas in China in recent years presented a gradual shifting tendency from the VOC-limited regime to the transition regime or the NO_(x)-limited regime due to the implementation of the O_(3)precursors emission reduction policies;O_(3)pollution control strategies and precursor control countermeasures should be formulated based on local conditions and the dynamic control capability of O_(3)pollution control measures should be *** are still some current deficiencies in the study field in ***,it is recommended that a stereoscopic monitoring network for atmospheric photochemical components should be further constructed and improved;the atmospheric chemical mechanisms should be vigorously developed,and standardized methods for determining the O_(3)formation sensitivity should be established in China in the near future.

关键词： Observation-based method Ozone formation sensitivity Ozone pollution prevention and control VOCs NO_(x) OBM

Fusion of Ground-Based and Spaceborne Radar Precipitation Based on Spatial Domain Regularization

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 285-302页

作者： Anfan HUANG Leilei KOU Yanzhi LIANG Ying MAO Haiyang gao Zhigang chu School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044

High-quality and accurate precipitation estimations can be obtained by integrating precipitation information measures using ground-based and spaceborne radars in the same target *** the true precipitation state is a typical inverse problem for a given set of noisy radar precipitation *** regularization method can appropriately constrain the inverse problem to obtain a unique and stable *** different types of precipitation with different prior distributions,the L_(1) and L_(2) norms were more effective in constraining stratiform and convective precipitation,*** a combination of L_(1) and L_(2) norms,the Huber norm is more suitable for mixed precipitation *** study uses different regularization norms to combine precipitation data from the C-band dual-polarization ground radar(CDP)and dual-frequency precipitation radar(DPR)on the Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)mission core *** to single-source radar data,the fused figures contain more information and present a comprehensive precipitation structure encompassing the reflectivity and precipitation *** 27 precipitation cases,the fusion results utilizing the Huber norm achieved a structural similarity index measure(SSIM)and a peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)of 0.8378 and 30.9322,respectively,compared with the CDP *** fusion results showed that the Huber norm effectively amalgamate the features of convective and stratiform precipitation,with a reduction in the mean absolute error(MAE;16.1%and 22.6%,respectively)and root-mean-square error(RMSE;11.7%and 13.6%,respectively)compared to the 1-norm and ***,in contrast to the fusion results of scale recursive estimation(SRE),the Huber norm exhibits superior capability in capturing the localized precipitation intensity and reconstructing the detailed features of precipitation.

关键词： dual-frequency precipitation radar(DPR) dual-polarization radar data fusion regularization Huber norm

Numerical investigation of geostress influence on the grouting reinforcement effectiveness of tunnel surrounding rock mass in fault fracture zones

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 81-101页

作者： Xiangyu Xu Zhijun Wu Lei Weng Zhaofei chu Quansheng Liu yuan Zhou The Key Laboratory of Safety for Geotechnical and Structural Engineering of Hubei Province School of Civil EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen518057China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

Grouting is a widely used approach to reinforce broken surrounding rock mass during the construction of underground tunnels in fault fracture zones,and its reinforcement effectiveness is highly affected by *** this study,a numerical manifold method(NMM)based simulator has been developed to examine the impact of geostress conditions on grouting reinforcement during tunnel *** develop this simulator,a detection technique for identifying slurry migration channels and an improved fluid-solid coupling(FeS)framework,which considers the influence of fracture properties and geostress states,is developed and incorporated into a zero-thickness cohesive element(ZE)based NMM(Co-NMM)for simulating tunnel ***,to simulate coagulation of injected slurry,a bonding repair algorithm is further proposed based on the ZE *** verify the accuracy of the proposed simulator,a series of simulations about slurry migration in single fractures and fracture networks are numerically reproduced,and the results align well with analytical and laboratory test ***,these numerical results show that neglecting the influence of geostress condition can lead to a serious over-estimation of slurry migration range and reinforcement *** validations,a series of simulations about tunnel grouting reinforcement and tunnel excavation in fault fracture zones with varying fracture densities under different geostress conditions are *** on these simula-tions,the influence of geostress conditions and the optimization of grouting schemes are discussed.

关键词： Numerical manifold method(NMM) Grouting reinforcement Geostress condition Fault fracture zone Tunnel excavation

An Active Deception Defense Model Based on Address Mutation and Fingerprint Camouflage

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China Communications 2024年第7期21卷 212-223页

作者： Wang Shuo chu Jiang Pei Qingqi Shao Feng yuan Shuai Zhong Xiaoge State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi’an Satellite Control CenterXi’an 710043China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Secure Computing Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

The static and predictable characteristics of cyber systems give attackers an asymmetric advantage in gathering useful information and launching *** reverse this asymmetric advantage,a new defense idea,called Moving Target Defense(MTD),has been proposed to provide additional selectable measures to complement traditional ***,MTD is unable to defeat the sophisticated attacker with fingerprint tracking *** overcome this limitation,we go one step beyond and show that the combination of MTD and Deception-based Cyber Defense(DCD)can achieve higher performance than either of *** particular,we first introduce and formalize a novel attacker model named Scan and Foothold Attack(SFA)based on cyber kill ***,we develop probabilistic models for SFA defenses to provide a deeper analysis of the theoretical effect under different defense *** models quantify attack success probability and the probability that the attacker will be deceived under various conditions,such as the size of address space,and the number of hosts,attack analysis ***,the experimental results show that the actual defense effect of each strategy almost perfectly follows its probabilistic ***,the defense strategy of combining address mutation and fingerprint camouflage can achieve a better defense effect than the single address mutation.

关键词： address mutation deception defense fingerprint camouflage moving target defense probabilistic model

From concept to commercialization:A review of tubular solid oxide fuel cell technology

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 79-109页

作者： Ruyan Chen yuan gao Jiutao gao Huiyu Zhang Martin Motola Muhammad Bilal Hanif Cheng-Xin Li State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava

The reduced sealing difficulty of tubular solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) makes the stacking of tubular cell groups relatively easy,and the thermal stress constraints during stack operation are smaller,which helps the stack to operate stably for a long *** special design of tubular SOFC structures can completely solve the problem of high-temperature sealing,especially in the design of multiple single-cell series integrated into one tube,where each cell tube is equivalent to a small electric stack,with unique characteristics of high voltage and low current output,which can significantly reduce the ohmic polarization loss of tubular *** paper provides an overview of typical tubular SOFC structural designs both domestically and *** on the geometric structure of tubular SOFCs,they can be divided into bamboo tubes,bamboo flat tubes,single-section tubes,and single-section flat tube ***,this article provides an overview of commonly used materials and preparation methods for tubular SOFCs,including commonly used materials and preparation methods for support and functional layers,as well as a comparison of commonly used preparation methods for microtubule SOFCs,It introduced the three most important parts of building a fuel cell stack:manifold,current collector,and ceramic adhesive,and also provided a detailed introduction to the power generation systems of different tubular SOFCs,Finally,the development prospects of tubular SOFCs were discussed.

关键词： Geometric structure Preparation methods Stack Support material Tubular solid oxide fuel cell

Advances in single-cell sequencing technology in microbiome research

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 201-219页

作者： Yinhang Wu Jing Zhuang Yifei Song Xinyi gao Jian chu Shuwen Han Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityHuzhouZhejiang 313000China Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou HuzhouZhejiang 313000China The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University HangzhouZhejiang 313000China Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiang 310000China

With the rapid development of histological techniques and the widespread applica-tion of single-cell sequencing in eukaryotes,researchers desire to explore individual *** and functional expression,which deepens our understanding of *** this review,the history of the development of microbial detection technologies was revealed and the difficulties in the application of single-cell sequencing in microorganisms were dissected as ***,the characteristics of the currently emerging microbial single-cell sequencing(Microbe-seq)technology were summarized,and the prospects of the application of Microbe-seq in microorganisms were distilled based on the current development *** its mature development,the Microbe-seq technology was still in the optimization stage.A retrospective study was conducted,aiming to promote the widespread application of single-cell sequencing in microorganisms and facilitate further improvement in the technol-ogy.

关键词： Bacterialantibiotic resistance Host immunity Host-phage interaction Microbial single-cell sequencing Microorganisms Single cell Single-cell sequencing technology

Design methodology,synthesis,and control strategy of the high-speed planetary rover

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期19卷 59-74页

作者： Renchao LU Haibo gao Zhen LIU Runze yuan Zongquan DENG State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The planned missions to explore the surfaces of the Moon and Mars require high exploration efficiency,thus imposing new demands on the mobility system of planetary *** this paper,a design method for a high-speed planetary rover(HPR)is proposed,and the representative configurations are modeled and ***,the influence of the planetary surface environment on the design of HPRs is analyzed,and the design factors for HPRs are determined by studying a single-wheel ***,a design methodology for HPRs is *** adaptive suspension mechanisms of a four-wheeled rover are synthesized using the all-wheel-attachment condition and position and orientation characteristics theory,which are expressed in the form of a graph theory for the increase in elastic components and active ***,a dynamic model is built,and a simulation is carried out for the proposed *** validity of the proposed method and rover is verified,thus highlighting their potential application in future planetary exploration.

关键词： design methodology spectrum analysis high-speed planetary rover type synthesis

Atomistic understanding of rough surface on the interfacial friction behavior during the chemical mechanical polishing process of diamond

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1119-1132页

作者： Song yuan Xiaoguang GUO Hao WANG Renke KANG Shang gao State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

The roughness of the contact surface exerts a vital role in *** is still a significant challenge to understand the microscopic contact of the rough surface at the atomic ***,the rough surface with a special root mean square(RMS)value is constructed by multivariate Weierstrass–Mandelbrot(W–M)function and the rubbing process during that the chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)process of diamond is mimicked utilizing the reactive force field molecular dynamics(ReaxFF MD)*** is found that the contact area A/A0 is positively related with the load,and the friction force F depends on the number of interfacial bridge *** the surface roughness will increase the friction force and friction *** model with low roughness and high lubrication has less friction force,and the presence of polishing liquid molecules can decrease the friction force and friction *** RMS value and the degree of damage show a functional relationship with the applied load and lubrication,i.e.,the RMS value decreases more under larger load and higher lubrication,and the diamond substrate occurs severer damage under larger load and lower *** work will generate fresh insight into the understanding of the microscopic contact of the rough surface at the atomic level.

关键词： diamond random roughness reactive force field molecular dynamics(ReaxFF MD) friction Weierstrass-Mandelbrot(W-M)function chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)