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不同初加工方法对咖啡豆风味化合物和感官特性的影响

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食品工业科技 2025年第1期46卷 22-32页

作者：肖克翟慧楠胡荣锁于鑫欣董文江宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院、宁夏食品微生物应用技术与安全控制重点实验室宁夏银川750021 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所海南万宁571533 海南省特色热带作物适宜性加工与品质控制重点实验室海南万宁571533 国家重要热带作物工程技术研究中心海南万宁571533

本研究旨在探究不同初加工处理方法对阿拉比卡咖啡理化特性、风味和感官特性的影响。通过电子鼻和感官分析评价不同初加工咖啡样品的感官风味,主成分分析(PCA)对不同初加工方法进行区分,并利用皮尔逊相关系数分析初加工方法与产生的风... 详细信息

本研究旨在探究不同初加工处理方法对阿拉比卡咖啡理化特性、风味和感官特性的影响。通过电子鼻和感官分析评价不同初加工咖啡样品的感官风味,主成分分析(PCA)对不同初加工方法进行区分,并利用皮尔逊相关系数分析初加工方法与产生的风味化合物之间的关系。结果表明,在理化指标方面,不同初加工方法对咖啡样品的总可滴定酸度(TA)、总可溶性固形物(TSS)和pH具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中,湿法加工(CS)的pH最高。初加工方法对咖啡样品中的生物碱、绿原酸和有机酸等风味化合物含量影响较大,干法处理Ⅰ(GA)的咖啡因含量最高(12.32 mg/g DW),蜜处理Ⅰ(MA)拥有最高的葫芦巴碱含量(3.71 mg/g DW),湿法加工(CS)导致咖啡样品具有最低的绿原酸含量和最高的有机酸含量。此外,电子鼻结果显示,不同初加工方法制备的咖啡香气化合物含量差异显著,相较于人工评测,电子感官分析可以更有效地对不同初加工方法进行区分。该研究结果明晰了不同初加工方法对咖啡的化学组成及感官风味的影响,对咖啡风味品质提升及对优质产品的筛选和鉴别具有重要意义。

关键词：阿拉比卡咖啡初加工处理理化特性风味化合物电子感官

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Theoretical Study of the Molecular Electrostatic Potential of C_(50)

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2006年第6期25卷 719-723页

作者： WANG Dong-Lai SHEN Hong-Tao zhai yu-Chun College of Materials and Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China

Density functional theory （DFT） calculations on three lower energy isomers of C50 were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G＊ level. Of the three isomers, two have D5h symmetry （a singlet state and a triplet state） and the other one has D3 symmetry. The optimized configurations and electrostatic potential distributions have been obtained. The calculated results show that potential minima Vmin（r） inside the sphere occur at the center of the sphere. The most negative value of the effective Mulliken atomic charge and the largest regions with the most negative MEP outside the sphere are localized in the neighborhood of pentagon-pentagon vertex fusions. They constitute the most probable active sites in chemical reactions. Our results offer a possible explanation for protonation and alkylation of C50 fullerene.

关键词： C50 fullerene electrostatic potential protonation

Photo-production of dissolved inorganic carbon from dissolved organic matter in contrasting coastal waters in the southwestern Taiwan Strait, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第7期24卷 1181-1188页

作者： Weidong Guo Liyang Yang Xiangxiang yu Weidong zhai Huasheng Hong State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China College of Oceanography and Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Photo-production of dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） from chromophoric dissolved organic matter （CDOM） is an important transformation process in marine carbon cycle, but little is known about this process in Chinese coastal systems. This study investigated an estuarine water sample and a coastal seawater sample from the subtropical waters in southeast of China. Water samples were exposed to natural sunlight and the absorption and fluorescence of CDOM as well as the DIC concentration were measured in the summer of 2009. The estuarine water had higher CDOM level, molecular weight and proportion of humic-like fluorescent components than the seawater that exhibited abundant tryptophan-like fluorescent component. After a 3-day irradiation, the CDOM level decreased by 45% in the estuarine water and 20% in the seawater, accompanied with a decrease in the molecular weight and aromaticity of DOM which was inferred from an increase in the absorption spectral slope parameter. The photo-degradation rates of all the five fluorescent components were also notable, in particular two humic-like components （C4 and C5） were removed by 78% and 69% in the estuarine water and by 69% and 56% in the seawater. The estuarine water had a higher photo-production rate of DIC than the seawater （4.4 vs. 2.5 μmol/（L-day））, in part due to its higher CDOM abundance. The differences in CDOM compositions between the twO types of waters might be responsible for the higher susceptibility of the estuarine water to photo-degradation and hence could also affect the photo-production process of DIC.

关键词： dissolved inorganic carbon photo-production and -degradation chromophoric dissolved organic matter estuary seawater

Wolfberry tree dual-model detection method and orchard target-oriented fertilization system based on photoelectric sensors

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第4期11卷 65-73页

作者： Shuo Yang Changyuan zhai John long Bo Zhang Hanzhe Li College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYanglingShaanxi 712100China Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

Orchard target-oriented fertilizing with on-board sensor technology can improve fertilizer efficiency and reduce environmental *** sensors are widely used for object detection because of their low cost and fast response *** paper presents a Wolfberry tree dual-model detection method and the design of an orchard target-oriented variable-rate fertilization system based on photoelectric *** dual-model detection method includes the Trunk Detection Model(TDM)and Canopy Detection Model(CDM),which can be applied for Wolfberry orchards at the green cluster and mature stages,respectively.A target-oriented fertilization system was designed using the dual-model method,and tested in the lab and Chinese Wolfberry *** laboratory test results showed that the average center offset distances on the condition of detecting trunks,continuous canopies,and discontinuous canopies were 4.1 cm,9.1 cm and 13.1 cm,*** system could ignore the signals from canes when their diameters were less than 16 mm,and also could determine the gaps within a tree when they were less than 21 *** orchard test results showed that the system accomplished target-oriented fertilization 95 times for 92 trees at the mature *** results indicated that the dual-model detection method could be used for Wolfberry trees or other trees with similar canopy changes at different growth stages.

关键词： orchard fertilizer target-oriented fertilization variable rate fertilization photoelectric sensor wolfberry orchard

Shoot multiplication and plant regeneration in Caragana fruticosa (Pall.) Besser

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 561-567页

作者： zhai Xiao-jie YANG Ling SHEN Hai-long School of Forestry State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breed-ing Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China

Different nutrient media can affect in vitro culturing proto- cols, and experimentation under varied growth conditions is valuable in plants where in vitro methods are in preliminary stages. We carried out the first in vitro propagation studies for the endangered species Caragana fruticosa （Fabaceae）. We evaluated various nulrient media for their im- pact on shoot elongation and axillary bud proliferation using different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine （BA） and n-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA）. Shoot elongation was evaluated based on adventitious shoot primary culture and subculture regeneration from Caragana seedlings. Our goal was to improve both micropropagation and regeneration in C. fruticosa. MS nutrient media was superior to 1/2MS macronutrients, DKW, QL, and WPM for shoot elongation and axillary shoot prolifera- tion. Shoots grown on 1/2MS and WPM exhibited some chlorosis, and shoots on QL produced larger leavers than plants growing on normal medium. The shoot proliferation coefficient on MS media supplemented with 2.22 μM BA and 0.44μM BA ＋ 2.69 μM NAA was significantly higher than that with other treatments in the primary culture. Shoots on 2.22 μM BA showed a higher proliferation coefficient （3.17） than others in the subculture. Shoots were rooted on 1/2MS medium with the addition of different concentrations of NAA. The optimal concenWation for rooting was 0.27 μM NAA （74%）. Roots exhibited many stout and long root hairs. Survivl of established plentlets was 82% at 30 days after transfer to soil. Plants established in the green house showed normal growth and displayed no apparent morphological differences compared to stock plants.

关键词： Endangered species Caraganafruticosa micropropagation auxin eytokinin Basal medium

Experimental Performance Evaluation and Artificial-Neural-Network Modeling of ZnO-CuO/EG-W Hybrid Nanofluids

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第3期18卷 629-646页

作者： yuling zhai long Li Zihao Xuan Mingyan Ma Hua Wang Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conversion and Emission Reduction Ministry of EducationKunming University of Science and TechnologyYunnan650093China

The thermo-physical properties of nanofluids are highly dependent on the used base *** study explores the influence of the mixing ratio on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of ZnO-CuO/EG(ethylene glycol)-W(water)hybrid nanofluids with mass concentration and temperatures in the ranges 1-5 wt.%and 25-60C,*** characteristics and stability of these mixtures were estimated by TEM(transmission electron microscopy),visual observation,and absorbance *** results show that 120 min of sonication and the addition of PVP(polyvinyl pyrrolidone)surfactant can prevent sedimentation for a period reaching up to 20 *** increase of EG(ethylene glycol)in the base fluid leads to low thermal conductivity and high *** conductivity enhancement(TCE)decreases from 21.52%to 11.7%when EG:W is changed from 20:80 to 80:20 at 1 wt.%and 60C.A lower viscosity of the base fluid influences more significantly the TCE of the *** Artificial Neural Network(ANN)has also been used to describe the effectiveness of these hybrid nanofluids as heat transfer *** optimal number of layers and neurons in these models have been found to be 1 and 5 for viscosity,and 1 and 7 for thermal *** corresponding coefficient of determination(R^(2))was 0.9979 and 0.9989,respectively.

关键词： Hybrid nanofluids base fluid ratio viscosity thermal conductivity ANN model

A comparison study on interfacial properties of fluorine-bearing and fluorine-free mold flux for casting advanced high-strength steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第10期29卷 1613-1618页

作者： Jian-jun Zhang Bing-yu zhai Lei Zhang Wan-lin Wang Central Research Institute of Baosteel(Qingshan) Wuhan430080HubeiChina School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha410083HunanChina National Center for International Research of Clean Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha410083HunanChina

A comparison study on interfacial properties of a traditional fluorine-bearing(F-bearing)mold flux and a newly designed fluorine-free(F-free)mold flux to produce advanced high-strength steels(AHSSs)by compact strip production technology was *** results showed that these two kinds of mold fluxes gradually spread out on the typical AHSS substrate when slags began to melt with the increase in heating temperature,and they had a good interfacial ability between the two mold fluxes and the AHSS substrate,and there was no other interfacial reaction except the oxidization of steel substrate by the mold *** comparison,the wettability of the designed F-free mold flux with the AHSS substrate was better than that of the F-bearing mold *** reason could be explained as the addition of B_(2)O_(3) would increase the complexity and polymerization degree of the melt structure and weaken the attractive force between the ions and ionic groups,then leading to a better ***,B_(2)O_(3) is an effective flux,which can reduce the melting temperature obviously,and the surface tension of the liquid F-free mold flux would get reduced with the addition of B_(2)O_(3).

关键词： Advanced high-strength steel Mold flux Fluorine-free Interfacial property Wettability

Association of cholesterol with risk of pancreatic cancer:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第12期21卷 3711-3719页

作者： Jia Wang Wei-Jing Wang long zhai Dong-Feng Zhang Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Qingdao University Medical College

AIM: To evaluate the effect of dietary cholesterol and serum total cholesterol(TC) on the risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: A literature search was performed up to June 2014 in Pub Med, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and China Biology Medicalliterature database for relevant articles published in English or Chinese. Pooled relative risks(RRs) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model. RESULTS: We included 14 published articles with 439355 participants for dietary cholesterol, and 6 published articles with 1805697 participants for serum TC. For the highest vs lowest category of dietary cholesterol, the pooled RR(95%CI) of pancreatic cancer was 1.308(1.097-1.559). After excluding two studies(RR > 3.0), the pooled RR(95%CI) was 1.204(1.050-1.380). In subgroup analysis stratified by study design, the pooled RRs(95%CIs) were 1.523(1.226-1.893) for case-control studies and 1.023(0.871-1.200) for cohort studies. The association of dietary cholesterol with the risk of pancreatic cancer was significant for studies conducted in North America [1.275(1.058-1.537)] and others [2.495(1.565-3.977)], but not in Europe [1.149(0.863-1.531)]. No significant association [1.003(0.859-1.171)] was found between the risk of pancreatic cancer and serum TC. CONCLUSION: Dietary cholesterol may be associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in worldwide populations, except for Europeans. The results need to be confirmed further.

关键词： Dietary cholesterol Serum total cholesterol Pancre

Promising key genes associated with tumor microenvironments and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第8期26卷 789-803页

作者： long Pan Jing Fang Ming-yu Chen Shu-Ting zhai Bin Zhang Zhi-yu Jiang Sarun Juengpanich Yi-Fan Wang Xiu-Jun Cai Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province Department of General SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases Hangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in multimodality treatments,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains one of the most common malignant *** of novel prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets is urgently *** To identify potential key genes associated with tumor microenvironments and the prognosis of *** The infiltration levels of immune cells and stromal cells were calculated and quantified based on the ESTIMATE *** expressed genes(DEGs)between high and low groups according to immune or stromal scores were screened using the gene expression profile of HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas and were further linked to the prognosis of *** genes were validated in four independent HCC ***-related key genes were identified by a LASSO Cox regression *** HCC patients with a high immune/stromal score had better survival benefits than patients with a low score.A total of 899 DEGs were identified and found to be involved in immune responses and extracellular matrices,147 of which were associated with overall ***,52 of 147 survival-related DEGs were validated in additional ***,ten key genes(STSL2,TMC5,DOK5,RASGRP2,NLRC3,KLRB1,CD5L,CFHR3,ADH1C,and UGT2B15)were selected and used to construct a prognostic gene signature,which presented a good performance in predicting overall *** This study extracted a list of genes associated with tumor microenvironments and the prognosis of HCC,thereby providing several valuable directions for the prognostic prediction and molecular targeted therapy of HCC in the future.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Tumor microenvironment Differentially expressed genes Overall survival