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社交媒体时代下“千禧一代”政治认知的中美比较

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中国青年研究 2024年第2期 45-57页

作者：黄敏璇清华大学政治学系

社交媒体时代下多元化的新闻消费模式常被视为培养知识渊博的年轻一代的理想选择。然而既有研究主要聚焦于政治认知的类型学分析及其政治影响,对媒介因素如何影响年轻一代的政治认知关注较少,且缺乏跨国比较研究。本文利用2020年中美网... 详细信息

社交媒体时代下多元化的新闻消费模式常被视为培养知识渊博的年轻一代的理想选择。然而既有研究主要聚焦于政治认知的类型学分析及其政治影响,对媒介因素如何影响年轻一代的政治认知关注较少,且缺乏跨国比较研究。本文利用2020年中美网民调查数据,将政治认知分为“错误认知”“无知”“正确认知”三种类型,并对社交媒体与政治认知的因果关系进行探讨。结果表明,微博和Twitter等社交媒体并不能误导新闻消费者,但二者能够对年轻一代的无知状态产生影响。相较于美国的社交媒体,中国的微博能够起到积极的知识传播作用,减少人们的无知程度。此外,对于不使用传统媒体的中国年轻人而言,使用微博进行新闻消费能够减少其错误认知。这对社交媒体时代下如何提高“千禧一代”的政治认知能力具有重要的启发性意义。

关键词：政治认知新闻消费类型中美比较千禧一代

音乐评论与“音乐理念”——A.B.马克思早期对贝多芬及其音乐的接受

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中央音乐学院学报 2024年第3期 94-110,138页

作者：黄琼琼上海大学上海电影学院上海大学

阿道夫·伯恩哈德·马克思(Adolf Bernhard Marx, 1795-1866),是19世纪德国音乐评论家,理论家和教育家。他在《柏林大众音乐报》(Berliner allgememeine musikalische Zeitung,1824-1830)评论贝多芬《第三交响曲》(英雄)时,最早提出了... 详细信息

阿道夫·伯恩哈德·马克思(Adolf Bernhard Marx, 1795-1866),是19世纪德国音乐评论家,理论家和教育家。他在《柏林大众音乐报》(Berliner allgememeine musikalische Zeitung,1824-1830)评论贝多芬《第三交响曲》(英雄)时,最早提出了“音乐理念”(Musik Idee)这一术语。①无论是《柏林大众音乐报》,还是A.B.马克思提出的“音乐理念”,都启发了众多作曲家的创作及音乐思想,如门德尔松②、李斯特③,以及勋伯格④。文章将对A.B.马克思创办的《柏林大众音乐报》及其他的“音乐理念”进行较为详细地论述,从而进一步厘清A.B.马克思“音乐理念”的概念以及他对贝多芬音乐的诠释与接受。

关键词： A.B.马克思《柏林大众音乐报》 “音乐理念” 贝多芬交响曲

Surface oxidation of transition metal sulfide and phosphide nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2021年第7期14卷 2264-2267页

作者： Zishan Wu ling huang Huan Liu Min Li Hailiang Wang Department of Chemistry Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut 06511USA Energy Sciences Institute Yale UniversityWest HavenConnecticut 06516USA Materials Characterization Core Yale West CampusWest HavenConnecticut 06516USA Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries Tsinghua Shenzhen International GraduateSchoolShenzhen 518055China College of Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot 010051China

Many transition metal sulfides and phosphides are susceptible to surface oxidation under ambient *** formed surface oxidation layer,which is likely to further restructure under reaction conditions,alters the chemical properties of the pristine material but has not been well *** this work,we for the first time use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to quantify the natural surface oxidation of transition metal phosphide and sulfide nanoparticles and employ a simplified Deal-Grove model to analyze the *** show that CoS2 oxidizes faster than CoS whereas CoP_(2) is more difficult to oxidize compared to CoP,and there exists an inverse correlation between the surface oxidation rate and the Co-S/P distance in the pristine *** inclusive investigation unveils different types of surface oxidation behavior:CoS,NiS and FeS are limited by their reactivity with oxygen;CoS2 is the most reactive and its oxidation is governed by oxygen diffusion;CoP_(2) is influenced by both reactivity and diffusion;CoP,Ni_(2)P,Cu_(3)P and MoP exhibit high initial oxidation degrees and the kinetics are not well-defined;MoS2 is largely stable against oxidation.

关键词： sulfides phosphides surface oxidation kinetics X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)

Numerical studies for plasmas of a linear plasma device HIT-PSI with geometry modified SOLPS-ITER

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 503-508页

作者：王敏聂秋月黄韬王晓钢张彦杰 School of Physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ionand Electron BeamsSchool of PhysicsDalian Institute of TechnologyDalian 116024China

The HIT-PSI is a linear plasma device built for physically simulating the high heat flux environment of future reactor divertors to test/develop advanced target plate *** this study,the geometry-modified SOLPS-ITER program is employed to examine the effects of the magnetic field strength and neutral pressure in the device on the heat flux experienced by the target plate of the HIT-PSI *** findings of the numerical simulation indicate a positive correlation between the magnetic field strength and the heat flux ***,there is a negative correlation observed between the heat flux density and the neutral *** the magnetic field strength at the axis exceeds 1 tesla and the neutral pressure falls below 10 Pa,the HIT-PSI has the capability to attain a heat flux of 10 MW·m-2 at the target *** simulation results offer a valuable point of reference for subsequent experiments at HIT-PSI.

关键词： HIT-PSI heat flux linear plasma SOLPS-ITER device

Epitaxial quasi-2D/3D hybrid perovskite heterojunctions for photodetector with enhanced detectivity and stability

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6594-6602页

作者： Yifu Chen Lin Zhang Xinxin Peng Weiran Qin Shiqing Li Yingwei Wang Zhihui Chen Si Xiao Bin Yang Biao Liu Junliang Yang Han huang yun Lin Jun He Liming Ding Yongbo yuan Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process School of PhysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices School of PhysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Photoelectric Information School of PhysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100190China

Although numerous metal halide perovskite materials have been investigated in the field of optoelectronic,the development of perovskite heterojunctions with exotic structures is still ***,we report the epitaxial growth of quasi-two-dimensional(Q-2D)perovskites on methylammonium lead iodide(MAPbI_(3))single crystals to form perovskite heterojunctions with interfacial *** MAPbI_(3)adjacent to epitaxial Q-2D perovskite shows blue shifted photoluminescence with shortened lifetime,which becomes significant with the reduced layer number of the Q-2D *** findings suggest the presence of an interfacial strain gradient leading to enhanced photocarrier ***,compared to the MAPbI_(3)single crystal detector,the BA_(2)MAPb_(2)I_(7)/MAPbI_(3)(BA:n-butylamine)heterojunction-based photodetector demonstrates a bandpass detecting property and exhibits 5 times enhanced external quantum efficiency and 83 times enhanced specific detectivity(D*=3.26×10^(11)Jones).Remarkably,the unencapsulated BA_(2)MAPb_(2)I_(7)/MAPbI_(3)heterojunction is stable in ambient condition for>300 *** Q-2D/3D heterojunction shows suppressed ion inter-diffusion due to the presence of Q-2D phase.

关键词： epitaxial growth interfacial strain quasi-two-dimensional/three-dimensional(Q-2D/3D)heterojunctions ion inter-diffusion

Anthropogenic warming is a key climate indicator of rising urban fire activity in China

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 110-120页

作者： Qichao Yao Dabang Jiang Ben Zheng Xiaochun Wang Xiaolin Zhu Keyan Fang Lamei Shi Zhou Wang Yongli Wang Linhao Zhong Yanyan Pei Amy Hudson Shuai Xu Maowei Bai Xinyan huang Valerie Trouet National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of Arizona Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Statistics Colorado State University Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (MOE) College of Geographic Sciences Fujian Normal University Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

China, one of the most populous countries in the world, has suffered the highest number of natural disaster-related deaths from fire. On local scales, the main causes of urban fires are anthropogenic in ***, on regional to national scales, little is known about the indicators of large-scale co-varying urban fire activity in China. Here, we present the China Fire History Atlas(CFHA), which is based on 19 947documentary records and represents fires in urban areas of China over the twentieth century(1901–1994).We found that temperature variability is a key indicator of urban fire activity in China, with warmer temperatures being correlated with more urban fires, and that this fire–temperature relationship is seasonally and regionally explicit. In the early twentieth century, however, the fire–temperature relationship was overruled by war-related fires in large urban areas. We further used the fire–temperature relationship and multiple emissions scenarios to project fire activity across China into the twenty-first century. Our projections show a distinct increase in future urban fire activity and fire-related economic loss. Our findings provide insights into fire–climate relationships in China for densely-populated areas and on policy-relevant time scales and they contribute spatial coverage to efforts to improve global fire models.

关键词： fire–climate interactions global warming fire history network urban fires fire management

推荐施肥量下控释肥替代普通尿素提高高粱产量和氮肥生产力

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第1期30卷 49-62页

作者：李泽碧黄娟张亚勤王秋月周瑜重庆市农业科学院特色作物研究所重庆永川402160

【目的】高粱生产中氮肥施用不合理,氮肥利用效率低,研究适宜重庆地区高粱种植的控释氮肥减施比例,在减少氮肥用量的同时,确保高粱稳产高产,提高肥料利用效率。【方法】田间定位试验于2021、2022年在重庆永川进行,供试高粱品种为晋渝糯... 详细信息

【目的】高粱生产中氮肥施用不合理,氮肥利用效率低,研究适宜重庆地区高粱种植的控释氮肥减施比例,在减少氮肥用量的同时,确保高粱稳产高产,提高肥料利用效率。【方法】田间定位试验于2021、2022年在重庆永川进行,供试高粱品种为晋渝糯3号和金糯粱1号。设置6个处理,分别为不施氮肥(CK);习惯尿素施肥量(U,N 180 kg/hm^(2));尿素推荐施用量(U1,减N 20%,N 144 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量20%(C1,N144 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量30%(C2,N 126 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量40%(C3,N 108 kg/hm^(2))。在高粱开花期和成熟期,调查干物质积累量和转运量,成熟期调查植株和籽粒氮素含量、生物量、产量及产量构成因素。【结果】开花期和成熟期高粱干物质积累量均以C1和U1处理最高,C1处理成熟期干物质积累量又显著高于U1。C1处理叶片花前干物质转运量显著高于U。花后干物质积累量C1处理显著高于其他处理,U1和C2处理显著高于U处理。C1处理晋渝糯3号和金糯粱1号花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率较U分别显著提高了11.54%和12.41%。C1处理的高粱产量最高(晋渝糯3号6611 kg/hm^(2),金糯粱1号5690 kg/hm^(2)),较其他施氮处理显著提高了5.40%~18.66%;其次为C2和U1处理,二者的产量均显著高于U和C3处理。各施氮处理的氮肥生理利用率(NPE)差异不显著;减氮处理间氮肥农学利用率(NAE)无显著差异,氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)差异显著,其NAE和NPFP均显著高于习惯施氮处理U;控释肥各减氮处理的NPFP显著高于普通氮肥推荐量处理U1。C1处理较U处理大幅提高了NAE、NPFP和氮肥利用率(NUE),晋渝糯3号分别提高了58.54%、39.61%和59.28%,金糯粱1号分别提高了80.97%、48.30%和63.08%;与U1处理相比,晋渝糯3号的NPFP、NUE分别提高了5.38%和22.19%,金糯粱1号分别提高了5.82%和4.42%。【结论】推荐施氮量下,用控释肥替代普通氮肥增加了高粱开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,提高了叶片花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率,提升了高粱产量和氮肥利用效率,可作为西南地区高粱生产的推荐氮肥施用方式。

关键词：高粱控释氮肥氮肥用量干物质积累转运产量氮肥农学效率氮肥偏生产力

Flexible, ultrathin, and multifunctional polypyrrole/cellulose nanofiber composite films with outstanding photothermal effect, excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第8期17卷 1028-1037页

作者： Ya-Ge Zhang ling-Zhi huang Qi yuan Ming-Guo Ma Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and BioenergyBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryCollege of Materials Science and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Electrodes that combine energy storage with mechanical and photothermal performance are necessary for efficient development and use of flexible energy storage and conversion *** this study,the flexible,ultrathin,and multifunctional polypyrrole/cellulose nanofiber composite films were fabricated via a one-step“soak and polymerization”*** dense sandwich structure and strong interfacial interaction endowed polypyrrole/cellulose nanofiber composite films with excellent flexibility,outstanding mechanical strength,and desired ***,the polypyrrole/cellulose nanofiber composite film electrodes with quaternary amine functionalized cellulose nanofiber had the highest specific mass capacitance(392.90 F∙g^(–1))and specific areal capacitance(3.32 F∙cm^(–2))than the electrodes with unmodified and carboxyl functionalized cellulose ***,the polypyrrole/cellulose nanofiber composite films with sandwich structure had excellent photothermal conversion *** study demonstrated a feasible and versatile method for preparing of multifunctional composite films,having promising applications in various energy storage fields.

关键词： cellulose nanofiber electrochemical photothermal conversion polypyrrole

数字经济与城市旅游绩效研究--基于城市面板数据的实证分析

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企业经济 2024年第2期43卷 5-16,F0002页

作者：黄细嘉南昌大学旅游研究院江西南昌330031

旅游产业高质量发展对推进中国式现代化具有重要作用。本文利用中国城市面板数据,实证分析数字经济对城市旅游绩效的影响。研究发现:数字经济发展可以显著提高城市旅游绩效,具体表现为数字经济发展水平越高,则该城市的人均旅游总收入和... 详细信息

旅游产业高质量发展对推进中国式现代化具有重要作用。本文利用中国城市面板数据,实证分析数字经济对城市旅游绩效的影响。研究发现:数字经济发展可以显著提高城市旅游绩效,具体表现为数字经济发展水平越高,则该城市的人均旅游总收入和人均旅游接待总人次越多,该结论在运用工具变量和选用“宽带中国”试点作为准自然实验缓解潜在的内生性问题后仍然稳健。异质性检验显示:在金融发展较落后地区和市场化进程较缓慢地区,数字经济对城市旅游绩效的促进作用更加显著。据此,本文提出充分利用数字经济赋能旅游经济、政府主导制定差异化产业政策、加强数字与旅游政策协同的政策建议。

关键词：数字经济旅游绩效宽带中国

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