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Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 140-147页

作者： Charmaine Jan Li Toh Chang liu Isabelle Xin yu Lee Molly Tzu yu Lin Louis Tong yu-chi liu Lee Kong chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or *** formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerves,such as following corneal pathology or corneal or intraocular surge ***,denervated areas of sensory nerve fibers become invaded by sprouts of intact sensory nerve fibers,and later injured axons regenerate and new sprouts called neuromas *** recent years,analysis of corneal nerve abnormalities including corneal neuromas which can be identified using in vivo confocal microscopy,a non-invasive imaging technique with microscopic resolution,has been used to evaluate corneal neuropathy and ocular surface *** neuromas have been shown to be associated with clinical symptoms of discomfort and dryness of eyes,and are a promising surrogate biomarker for ocular surface diseases,such as neuropathic corneal pain,dry eye disease,diabetic corneal neuropathy,neurotrophic keratopathy,Sjogren's syndrome,bullous keratopathy,post-refra ctive surgery,and *** this review,we have summarized the current literature on the association between these ocular surface diseases and the presentation of corneal microneuromas,as well as elaborated on their pathogenesis,visualization via in vivo confocal microscopy,and utility in monitoring treatment *** current quantitative analysis on neuromas mainly relies on manual annotation and quantification,which is user-dependent and labor-intensive,future direction includes the development of artificial intelligence software to identify and quantify these potential imaging biomarkers in a more automated and sensitive manner,allowing it to be applied in clinical settings more *** imaging and molecular biomarkers may also help elucidate the associations between corneal neuromas and ocular surface diseases.

关键词： cornea corneal diseases corneal nerve corneal neuropathy in vivo confocal microscopy microneuroma neuroma ocular surface diseases

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Interconnections between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy:diagnostic and therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2169-2180页

作者： Mingyi yu Faith Teo En Ning Chang liu yu-chi liu Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CenterSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy are ocular complications occurring in the context of diabetes *** corneal neuropathy refers to the progressive damage of corneal *** retinopathy has traditionally been considered as damage to the retinal ***,growing evidence suggests that diabetic retinopathy is a complex neurovascular disorder resulting from dysfunction of the neurovascular unit,which includes both the retinal vascular structures and neural *** retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness and is frequently screened for as part of diabetic ocular ***,diabetic corneal neuropathy is commonly overlooked and underdiagnosed,leading to severe ocular surface *** studies have found that these two conditions tend to occur together,and they share similarities in their pathogenesis pathways,being triggered by a status of chronic *** review aims to discuss the interconnection between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy,whether diabetic corneal neuropathy precedes diabetic retinopathy,as well as the relation between the stage of diabetic retinopathy and the severity of corneal *** also endeavor to explore the relevance of a corneal screening in diabetic eyes and the possibility of using corneal nerve measurements to monitor the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

关键词： cornea corneal nerves diabetes diabetic corneal neuropathy diabetic retinopathy retina

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Corneal neuromediator profiles following laser refractive surgery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2177-2183页

作者： Lily Wei yun Yang Jodhbir S.Mehta yu-chi liu Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Laser refractive surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures *** laser refractive surgery,Femtosecond Laser in Situ Keratomileusis and Refractive Lenticule Extraction have emerged as promising alternatives to microkeratome Laser in Situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive *** laser refractive surgery,the corneal nerves,epithelial and stromal cells release neuromediators,including neurotrophins,neuropeptides and ***,nerve growth factor,substance P,calcitonin gene-related peptide and various cytokines are important mediators of neurogenic inflammation and corneal nerve *** in neuromediator profiles and ocular surface parameters following laser refractive surgery are attributed to the surgical techniques and the severity of tissue insult *** this review,we will discuss the(1)Functions of neuromediators and their physiological and clinical significance;(2)Changes in the neuromediators following various laser refractive surgeries;(3)Correlation between neuromediators,ocular surface health and corneal nerve status;and(4)Future directions,including the use of neuromediators as potential biomarkers for ocular surface health following laser refractive surgery,and as adjuncts to aid in corneal regeneration after laser refractive surgery.

关键词： cornea corneal nerves dry eye femtosecond laser laser in situ keratomileusis neuromediator refractive surgery small incision lenticule extraction

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Analysis of corneal nerve plexus in corneal confocal microscopy images

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 690-691页

作者： yu-chi liu Molly Tzu-yu Lin Jodhbir S.Mehta Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CentreOphthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical ProgramDuke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Small Aδand C nerve fibers of the sensory and autonomic nervous systems constitute 70–90%of peripheral nerve fibers including corneal nerves(Muller et al.,2003).Corneal nerves originate from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and enter the cornea at the limbus radially from all directions toward the central cornea at the level of anterior and middle *** subepithelial nerve plexus lies at the interface between the Bowman layer and anterior *** then divide into smaller branches and turn 90°toward Bowman’s layer(Muller et al.,2003),travelling between Bowman’s layer and the basal epithelial layer and forming the sub-basal nerve plexus(Muller et al.,2003).

关键词： Bowman layer travelling

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Diabetic corneal neuropathy as a surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2172-2178页

作者： Wei Zheng So Natalie Shi Qi Wong Hong Chang Tan Molly Tzu yu Lin Isabelle Xin yu Lee Jodhbir S.Mehta yu-chi liu Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute SingaporeSingapore Department of Endocrinology Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingaporeSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore

Diabetic neuropathy is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus,affecting nerves in all parts of the body including corneal nerves and peripheral nervous system,leading to diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy,*** peripheral neuropathy is diagnosed in clinical practice using electrophysiological nerve conduction studies,clinical scoring,and skin ***,these diagnostic methods have limited sensitivity in detecting small-fiber disease,hence they do not accurately reflect the status of diabetic *** recently,analysis of alterations in the corneal nerves has emerged as a promising surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral *** this review,we will discuss the relationship between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy,elaborating on the foundational aspects of each:pathogenesis,clinical presentation,evaluation,and *** will further discuss the relevance of diabetic corneal neuropathy in detecting the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy,particularly early diabetic peripheral neuropathy;the correlation between the severity of diabetic corneal neuropathy and that of diabetic peripheral neuropathy;and the role of diabetic corneal neuropathy in the stratification of complications of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

关键词： corneal nerve quantification corneal nerves diabetic cornea diabetic corneal neuropathy diabetic microvascular complications diabetic peripheral neuropathy in vivo confocal microscopy neurotrophic keratopathy ocular surface

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SGT-Net: A Transformer-Based Stratified Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4471-4489页

作者： Suyi liu Jianning chi Chengdong Wu Fang Xu Xiaosheng yu Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang110167China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110169China SIASUN Robot&Automation Co. Ltd.Shenyang110169China

In recent years,semantic segmentation on 3D point cloud data has attracted much *** 2D images where pixels distribute regularly in the image domain,3D point clouds in non-Euclidean space are irregular and inherently ***,it is very difficult to extract long-range contexts and effectively aggregate local features for semantic segmentation in 3D point cloud *** current methods either focus on local feature aggregation or long-range context dependency,but fail to directly establish a global-local feature extractor to complete the point cloud semantic segmentation *** this paper,we propose a Transformer-based stratified graph convolutional network(SGT-Net),which enlarges the effective receptive field and builds direct long-range ***,we first propose a novel dense-sparse sampling strategy that provides dense local vertices and sparse long-distance vertices for subsequent graph convolutional network(GCN).Secondly,we propose a multi-key self-attention mechanism based on the Transformer to further weight augmentation for crucial neighboring relationships and enlarge the effective receptive *** addition,to further improve the efficiency of the network,we propose a similarity measurement module to determine whether the neighborhood near the center point is *** demonstrate the validity and superiority of our method on the S3DIS and ShapeNet *** ablation experiments and segmentation visualization,we verify that the SGT model can improve the performance of the point cloud semantic segmentation.

关键词： 3D point cloud semantic segmentation long-range contexts global-local feature graph convolutional network dense-sparse sampling strategy

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Breaking the Fe_(3)O_(4)-wrapped copper microstructure to enhance copper-slag separation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第10期31卷 2312-2325页

作者： Xiaopeng chi Haoyu liu Jun Xia Hang Chen Xiangtao yu Wei Weng Shuiping Zhong Zijin School of Geology and Mining Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-Value Utilization of New Energy Metals Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd.Longyan 364200China Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The precipitation of Fe_(3)O_(4)particles and the accompanied formation of Fe_(3)O_(4)-wrapped copper structure are the main obstacles to copper recovery from the molten slag during the pyrometallurgical smelting of copper ***,the commercial powdery pyrite or anthracite is replaced with pyrite-anthracite pellets as the reductants to remove a large amount of Fe_(3)O_(4)particles in the molten slag,resulting in a deep fracture in the Fe_(3)O_(4)-wrapped copper microstructure and the full exposure of the copper matte *** 1wt%composite pellet is used as the reductant,the copper matte droplets are enlarged greatly from 25μm to a size observable by the naked eye,with the copper content being enriched remarkably from 1.2wt%to 4.5wt%.Density functional theory calculation results imply that the formation of the Fe_(3)O_(4)-wrapped copper structure is due to the preferential adhesion of Cu_(2)S on the Fe_(3)O_(4)particles.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),and Raman spectroscopy results all reveal that the high-efficiency conver-sion of Fe_(3)O_(4)to FeO can decrease the volume fraction of the solid phase and promote the depolymerization of silicate network *** a consequence,the settling of copper matte droplets is enhanced due to the lowered slag viscosity,contributing to the high efficiency of copper-slag separation for copper *** results provide new insights into the enhanced in-situ enrichment of copper from mol-ten slag.

关键词： pyrometallurgical smelting process slag cleaning reductants copper matte

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Cosmetic outcome of femtosecond laserassisted pterygium surgery

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Eye and Vision 2021年第1期8卷 59-66页

作者： Darren Shu Jeng Ting yu-chi liu Yi Fang Lee Angel Jung Se Ji Tien-En Tan Hla M.Htoon Jodhbir S.Mehta Academic Ophthalmology Division of Clinical NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Department of Ophthalmology Queen’s Medical CentreNottinghamUK Singapore Eye Research Institute SingaporeSingapore Singapore National Eye Centre 11 Third Hospital AvenueSingapore 168751Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School SingaporeSingapore.

Background:To examine the cosmetic outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted pterygium surgery(FLAPS)with conjunctival autograft(CAG)and its potential predictive ***:This was a prospective interventional case series(NCT02866968).We included 29 patients(29 eyes)with primary pterygium who underwent *** outcome was graded by two graders(an ophthalmology resident and an experienced ophthalmologist)using Hirst classification system(1-4=excellent-poor).Weighted Cohen’s kappa analysis was performed to examine the intra-and inter-rater *** relationship between cosmetic outcome and various factors were determined by Spearman’s correlation coefficients(r).Results:The preoperative severity of pterygium(Tan grading system)was mild/atrophic(7%),moderate/intermediate(62%),and severe/fleshy(31%).An ultrathin CAG(mean thickness of 74.5±9.8μm)was fashioned *** excellent cosmetic outcome of FLAPS(median±IQR)was observed at 3 months(1.0±1.0)and remained similar at 6months(1.0±0.0)and 12months(1.0±0.0)*** final follow-up,27(93%)patients achieved good-to-excellent cosmetic outcome,with 1(3%)patient having a poor outcome due to incomplete pterygium *** kappa analysis of Hirst grading system showed excellent intra-rater(κ=0.86-0.95)and inter-rater reliability(κ=0.84-0.88).There was a weak and borderline significant correlation between good cosmetic outcome and reduced postoperative CAG thickness(r=0.38,P=0.06)but not with age,gender,preoperative pterygium severity,or intraoperative CAG ***:FLAPS can result in an excellent cosmetic outcome,which may be attributed to the beneficial effect of an ultrathin CAG.

关键词： Cosmesis Cosmetic outcome Femtosecond laser Pterygium Pterygium surgery

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Impact of Carbon Chain Structures in the Backbone on the Flexibility of Modified Polyarylene Sulfide Resins: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Mesoscopic Analysis

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 544-557页

作者： chi Zhang Rong liu Jing-yuan liu Wen-Wei Jiang Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and Functional Materials School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

In the domain of high-performance engineering polymers, the enhancement of mechanical flexibility in poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) resins has long posed a significant challenge. A novel molecular structure, designated as PP-He-IS, wherein imide rings and an aliphatic hexylene chain are covalently incorporated into the PPS backbone to enhance its flexibility, is introduced in this study. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to systematically explore the effects of diversifying the backbone chain structures by substituting phenyl units with alkyl chains of varying lengths, referred to as PP-A-IS where “A” signifies the distinct intermediary alkyl chain configurations. Computational analyses reveal a discernable decrement in the glass transition temperature (Tg) and elastic modulus, counterbalanced by an increment in yield strength as the alkyl chain length is extended. Notably, the PP-He-IS variant is shown to exhibit superior yield strength while simultaneously maintaining reduced elastic modulus and Tg values, positioning it as an advantageous candidate for flexible PPS applications. Mesoscopic analyses further indicate that structures such as PP-He-IS, PP-Pe-IS, and PP-Bu-IS manifest remarkable flexibility, attributable to the presence of freely rotatable carbon-carbon single bonds. Experimental validation confirms that a melting temperature of 504 K which is lower than that of conventional PPS, and lower crystallinity are exhibited by PP-He-IS, thereby affording enhanced processability without compromising inherent thermal stability. Novel insights into the strategic modification of PPS for mechanical flexibility are thus furnished by this study, which also accentuates the pivotal role played by molecular dynamics simulations in spearheading high-throughput investigations in polymer material modifications.

关键词： Molecular dynamics simulations Polyarylene Sulfide Main-chain modifications Flexibility Aliphatic hexylene chain

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Amine-functionalized metal organic framework@graphene oxide as filler in PAEK-containing carboxyl group membrane for ultrafiltration with ultra-high permeability and strong fouling resistance

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chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期70卷 93-103页

作者： Zhaoli Wang Wenjing Li Yi Zhang Yanyin Cheng Junjian yu Tianming Dong Xiaoyu chi Di liu Zhe Wang School of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of TechnologyChangchun 130012China Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of TechnologyChangchun 130012China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Membrane Materials of Jilin Province Changchun 130012China

Achieving high fouling resistance and permeability using membrane separation technology in water treatment processes remains a *** this work,a novel mixed-matrix membrane(MMM)(poly(arylene ether ketone)[PAEK]-containing carboxyl groups[PAEK-COOH]/UiO-66-NH_(2)@graphene oxide[GO])with superb fouling resistance and high permeability was prepared by the nonsolvent-induced phase separation method,by in-situ growth of UiO-66-NH_(2) on the GO layer,and by preparing hydrophilic *** the basis of the structure and performance analysis of the MMM,the maximum water flux reached 591.25 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1) for PAEK-COOH/UiO-66-NH_(2)@GO,whereas the retention rate for bovine serum albumin increased from 85.40%to 94.87%.As the loading gradually increased,the hydrophilicity of the MMMs increased,significantly enhancing their fouling *** strongest anti-fouling ability observed was 94.74%,which was 2.02 times greater than that of the pure *** the same time,the MMMs contained internal amide and hydrogen bonds during the preparation process,forming a cross-linked structure,which further enhanced the mechanical strength and chemical *** summary,the MMMs with high retention rate,strong permeability,and anti-fouling ability were successfully prepared.

关键词： Poly(arylene ether ketone)-containing Carboxyl groups(PAEK-COOH) UiO-66-NH_(2)@graphene oxide Hydrophilic modification Ultra-high selectivity Strong anti-fouling

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