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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda zhang Weimin yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng shen Xinwen Shu shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng wang lei Yang Bing zhang Chen zhang Shuang-Nan zhang Yonghe zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng wang Song wang Tinggui wang Zhongxiang wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang yihan Tao Hao wang Juan wang lei wang Wenxin wang yilong wang Yusa wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan zhang Mo zhang Wenjie zhang Zhen zhang Zhen zhang Ziliang zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

Black holes as the source of dark energy:A stringent test with high-redshift JWST AGNs

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 181-188页

作者： lei lei lei Zu Guan-Wen yuan Zhao-Qiang shen yi-ying wang yuan-Zhu wang Zhen-Bo Su Wen-Ke Ren Shao-Peng Tang Hao Zhou Chi zhang Zhi-Ping Jin lei feng yi-Zhong Fan Da-Ming Wei Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Studies have proposed that there is evidence for cosmological coupling of black holes(BHs)with an index of k≈3;hence,BHs serve as the astrophysical source of dark ***,the data sample is limited for the redshifts of≤*** recent years,the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)has detected many high-redshift active galactic nuclei(AGNs)and *** the JWST NIRSpec-/NIRCam-resolved AGNs,three are determined to be in early-type host galaxies with a redshift of z~***,their M_(*)and MBH are in tension with the predicted cosmological coupling of black holes with k=3 at a confidence level of~2σ,which challenges the hypothesis that BHs serve as the origin of dark *** work on high-redshift AGNs using the JWST will further assess such a hypothesis by identifying more early-type host galaxies in the higher mass range.

关键词： dark energy supermassive black hole active galactic nuclei James Webb Space Telescope

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Hypothermia selectively protects the anterior forebrain mesocircuit during global cerebral ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1512-1517页

作者： Xiao-Hua wang Wei Jiang Si-yuan zhang Bin-Bin Nie yi Zheng feng Yan Jian-feng lei Tian-Long wang Department of Anesthesiology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders BeijingChina Department of Anesthesiology Third Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina Daxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University BeijingChina Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Neuroprotection Research Laboratory Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA Cerebrovascular Research Center Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Hypothermia is an important protective strategy against global cerebral ischemia following cardiac ***,the mechanisms of hypothermia underlying the changes in different regions and connections of the brain have not been fully *** study aims to identify the metabolic nodes and connection integrity of specific brain regions in rats with global cerebral ischemia that are most affected by hypothermia treatment.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was used to quantitatively determine glucose metabolism in different brain regions in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia established at 31–33℃.Diffusion tensor imaging was also used to reconstruct and explore the brain connections *** results showed that,compared with the model rats established at 37–37.5℃,the rat models of global cerebral ischemia established at 31–33℃had smaller hypometabolic regions in the thalamus and primary sensory areas and sustained no obvious thalamic *** selectively preserved the integrity of the anterior forebrain mesocircuit,exhibiting protective effects on the brain during the global cerebral *** study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Capital Medical University(approval ***-AD318-97-019)on December 15,2019.

关键词： anterior forebrain mesocircuit cardiac arrest corpus callosum global cerebral ischemia hypometabolic areas hypothermia magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography prefrontal cortex rats thalamus

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Cd(NBA)(μ_3-OH)(4,4′-bipy)_(1/2)]_n

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2007年第8期26卷 917-919页

作者： shen yi-Cheng zhang Jian LI Zhao-Ji zhang lei yiN Pei-Xiu YAO yuan-Gen State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter The Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China

A new cadmium polymer [Cd（NBA）（μ3-OH）（4,4＇-bipy）1/2]n 1 （NBA=m-nitrobenzoic acid and 4,4＇-bipy=4,4-bipyridine） has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method, and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectrum. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a=15.6912（9）, b=25.9394（15）, c=6.7332（4）A, β=114.7700（10）°, V=2488.4（3）A^3, C12H9CdN2O5, Mr=373.61, Z=8, Dc=1.995 g/cm^3,μ=1.776 mm^-1, F（000）=1464, R=0.0411 and wR=0.1128 for 2130 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））.X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the compound features a layered structure, in which 4,4＇-bipy ligands bridge Z type of double chains [Cd（μ3-OH）]n and NBA ligands locate at the two sides of the layer. The π-π interactions between the benzene rings of NBA ligands of two adjacent layers lead to the 3D framework.

关键词： cadmium polymer 4 4'-bipyridine m-nitrobenzoic acid crystal structure

Plating current density distribution of lithium metal anodes in pouch cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第6期31卷 70-75,I0003页

作者： Shi-Jie Yang Xin shen Xin-Bing Cheng feng-Ni Jiang Rui zhang He Liu lei Liu Hong yuan School of Materials Science&Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044JiangsuChina Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina

The uniformity of current density distribution upon electrodes is one of the most important factors determining the lithium dendrites growth and cycling performance of lithium metal batteries(LMBs). Herein,current density distributions of lithium metal anodes induced by various engineering factors, consisting of uneven cathode, electrolyte distribution, and different tab positions, and their effects on the electrochemical performance are investigated theoretically and experimentally in pouch cells. The deviation of current density in lithium metal anodes ranges from 2.47% to 196.18% due to the different levels of uneven cathode materials. However, the deviation is just 13.60% for different electrolyte thicknesses between cathodes and anodes, even a ten-layer separator in some positions. The maximum deviation for variational tab positions is only 0.17%. The nonuniformity in current density distribution results in severe dendrite growth issues and poor electrochemical performance of LMBs. This work not only confirms the direct correlation between the uneven current density distribution and lithium deposition behaviors, but also points out the decisive effects of cathode surface roughness on current distribution of anodes, to which more attentions should be paid in practical applications of LMBs.

关键词： Pouch cell Lithium metal anode Dendrite Current density distribution Safety

Effect of Jinfeng Pill on ovarian function of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets induced poor ovarian response rats

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生殖与发育医学(英文) 2024年第4期8卷 206-212页

作者： Li yi wang Jian-Fang Yan Xiao-Hong Ji Xiao-lei zhang Heng-yuan Wu Rong-feng Li you-Zhu Clinical Medical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Diseases of Fujian Province Laboratory of Research and Diagnosis of Gynecological Diseases of Xiamen City Department of Reproductive Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen China Internal Medicine Siming Branch The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen China Xiamen Assisted Reproductive Technology Quality Control Center Xiamen China School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen China School of Medicine Huaqiao University Quanzhou China

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of the Jinfeng pill on ovarian volume and endocrine function in rats with poor ovarian response and to elucidate the gene expression changes that contribute to the Jinfeng pill’s role in improving ovarian ***: Thirty 8-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) female rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, model, estradiol, Jinfeng pill, and Jinfeng pill + estradiol, with six rats in each group. All groups, except the control were administered Tripterygium glycoside tablets. After establishing the poor ovarian response model, the three intervention groups (estradiol, Jinfeng pill, and Jinfeng pill + estradiol) received their respective drug interventions. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to assess follicle distribution, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin in rat ovaries. Hormone levels were measured using ***: The uterine and total ovarian masses in the three intervention groups were higher than those in the model group; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The ovaries of the Jinfeng pill and Jinfeng pill + estradiol groups contained more follicles at various developmental stages. The three intervention groups showed significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and decreased endostatin expression compared with the model group, with the Jinfeng pill + estradiol group exhibiting the most pronounced differences. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels were slightly elevated in the Jinfeng pill group compared to the model group. However, only the Jinfeng pill + estradiol group showed a statistically significant decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone levels compared to the model group (P = 0.01).Conclusions: Jinfeng pill modulates ovarian protein expression, increases ovarian volume, and improves blood circulation. Additionally, it may elevate hormone levels and enha

关键词： Poor ovarian response Jinfeng Pill Sex hormone Vascular endothelial growth factor Endostatin

Prenatal diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease in China's Mainland A case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第26期6卷 2047-2049页

作者： Lifang lei Junling wang shen zhang Hong Jiang Lu shen Qian Xu Xinxiang Yan yi yuan Qian Pan Kun Xia Beisha Tang Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410008 Hunan Province China Department of Neurology Xian-gya Third Hospital Central South University -Changsha 410013 Hunan Province China National Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China Changsha 410008 Hunan Province China

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease （SCA3/MJD） is a progressive, currently untreatable and ultimately fatal ataxic disorder that belongs to the group of neurological disorders known as CAG-repeat or polyglutamine diseases. Here, we present the first prenatal diagnosis of SCA3/MJD in China's Mainland in a woman who was known to carry an expanded CAG-trinucleotide repeat in the MJD1 gene. After evaluating motivation and psychological tolerance of the couple, amniocentesis was performed after 14 weeks of gestation. Polymerase chain reactions followed by T-vector cloning and direct sequencing were employed to evaluate the CAG-repeat number of the fetal MJD1 gene. We identified a truncated CAG expansion of 78 repeats in the MJD1 gene of the fetus compared with 81 repeats in his mother.

关键词： prenatal diagnosis spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease CAG-trinucleotide repeats genetic counseling

An empirical model to form and evolve galaxies in dark matter halos

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第8期16卷 113-126页

作者： Shi-Jie Li you-Cai zhang Xiao-Hu Yang Hui-yuan wang Dylan Tweed Cheng-Ze Liu lei Yang feng Shi yi Lu Wen-Tao Luo Jian-Wen Wei Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryShanghai 200030China Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Center for High Performance Computing Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Based on the star formation histories of galaxies in halos with different masses, we develop an empirical model to grow galaxies in dark matter halos. This model has very few ingredients, any of which can be associated with observational data and thus be efficiently assessed. By applying this model to a very high resolution cosmological N-body simulation, we predict a number of galaxy properties that are a very good match to relevant observational data. Namely, for both centrals and satellites, the galaxy stellar mass functions up to redshift z=4 and the conditional stellar mass functions in the local universe are in good agreement with observations. In addition, the two point correlation function is well predicted in the different stellar mass ranges explored by our model. Furthermore, after applying stellar population synthesis models to our stellar composition as a function of redshift, we find that the luminosity functions in the 0.1 u,0.19, 0.1r, 0.1i and 0.1z bands agree quite well with the SDSS observational results down to an absolute magnitude at about -17.0. The SDSS conditional luminosity function itself is predicted well. Finally, the cold gas is derived from the star formation rate to predict the HI gas mass within each mock galaxy. We find a remarkably good match to observed HI-to-stellar mass ratios. These features ensure that such galaxy/gas catalogs can be used to generate reliable mock redshift surveys.

关键词： cosmology dark matter -- galaxies: formation -- galaxies halos

Functional characterization of WRKY46 in grape and its putative role in the interaction between grape and phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae)

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 504-517页

作者： feng-Pan wang Pan-Pan Zhao lei zhang Heng Zhai yuan-Peng Du State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(Huang-Huai RegionMinistry of Agriculture)College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai-an 271000 ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060 GuangdongChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShen-zhen 518060 GuangdongChina College of Biological and Enology Engineering Taishan UniversityTai-an 271000 ShandongChina

WRKY transcription factors are involved in defense responses caused by biotic ***(Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch),a pest widespread in viticulture,elicits transcriptional reprogramming of plant defense-associated components,such as regulons related to WRKYs and salicylic acid(SA)*** this study,we characterized WRKY46,a WRKY transcription factor responsible for phylloxera attack,and revealed the molecular mechanism for WRKY-mediated defense responses to ***-PCR and GUS staining analyses revealed that WRKY46 is induced in response to phylloxera damage and mechanical ***46 is a nuclear-localized transcription factor that activates its downstream target VvCHIB by direct protein–DNA *** involved in the SA-mediated defense response were regulated during incompatible interactions between“1103 Paulsen”rootstock and *** addition,WRKY46 exhibited a higher transcript abundance in“1103 Paulsen”than in“Crimson Seedless”,regardless of whether the plants were infected with ***,the enhanced expression of VvWRKY46 significantly attenuated phylloxera attack and delayed nymph development of composite grape *** summary,we demonstrated that WRKY46 plays a role in the SA-mediated defense-regulatory network by directly binding to the downstream structural gene *** phylloxera-responsive gene WRKY46 was identified,which could improve the understanding of the basic mechanism of grapevine in response to phylloxera.

关键词： interaction interaction characterization