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Short-and long-term outcome of interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第37期20卷 13284-13292页

作者： Yasushi Seo Yoshihiko yano Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of Medicine Internal Medicine and Ophthalmology Clinic

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious clinical problem worldwide. Conventional interferon (IFN)-α has been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Short-term studies have demonstrated that IFN-based therapy is moderately effective in inducing the loss of hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) or seroconversion (30%-40%) in HBeAg-positive patients and also produces sustained HBV DNA suppression (20%-30%) in HBeAg-negative patients. Many studies have reported a correlation between the HBV genotype and response to IFN treatment. The highest response rate to IFN treatment was found in patients infected with HBV genotype A, followed by HBV genotypes B, C, and D. The long-term effect of IFN-α on CHB has not yet been elucidated. The ability of IFN-α treatment to prevent new cirrhosis, complications associated with cirrhosis, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. The beneficial effect of IFN-α treatment in reducing the development of HCC has mainly been observed in treatment responders who already have cirrhosis. These inconsistent findings may be attributed to the inevitable limitations of comparisons across studies, including differences in the baseline characteristics of the study and the moderate suppression of HBV replication by IFN-α relative to nucleoside/nucleos(t)ide analogs.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Interferon α Long-term outcome Hepatocellular carcinoma

Innate immune reactivity of the liver in rats fed a choline-deficient L-amino-acid-defined diet

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第43期14卷 6655-6661页

作者： Hideto Kawaratani Tatsuhiro Tsujimoto Toshiyuki Kitazawa Mitsuteru Kitade Hitoshi yoshiji Masahito Uemura Hiroshi Fukui Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University840 Shijo-choKashiharaNara 634-8522Japan

AIM： To investigate the innate immune reactivity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）, Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）, and CD14 in the liver of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） model rats. METHODS： Male F344 rats were fed a cholinedeficient L-amino-acid-defined （CDAA） diet. The rats were killed after 4 or 8 wk of the diet, and their livers were removed for immunohistochemical investigation and RNA extraction. The liver specimens were immunostained for TNF-α, TLR4, and CD14. The gene expressions of TNF-α, TLR4, and CD14 were determined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Kupffer cells were isolated from the liver by Percoll gradient centrifugation, and were then cultured to measure TNF-α production. RESULTS： The serum and liver levels of TNF-~ in the CDAA-fed rats increased significantly as compared with the control group, as did the immunohistochemical values and gene expressions of TNF-α, TLR4, and CD14 with the progression of steatohepatitis. TNF-α production from the isolated Kupffer cells of the CDAAfed rats was elevated by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. CONCLUSION： The expressions of TNF-α, TLR4, and CD14 increased in the NASH model, suggesting that

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Kupffer cells Toll-like receptor 4 CD14 Endotoxins Tumor necrosisfactor-alpha

Immunotherapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using the multiple cytokine production modulator Y-40138

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第44期15卷 5533-5540页

作者： Tatsuhiro Tsujimoto Hideto Kawaratani Toshiyuki Kitazawa Hitoshi yoshiji Masao Fujimoto Masahito Uemura Hiroshi Fukui Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University840 Shijo-choKashiharaNara 634-8522Japan

AIM:To investigate the possible use of the multiple cytokine production modulator,Y-40138,as a novel immunotherapy in the rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. METHODS:We allocated 6-wk-old male F344 rats to choline-supplemented,L-amino acid-defined (CSAA) diet (control group),CSAA diet + Y-40138 (control + Y-40138 group),choline-def icient,L-amino acid-def ined (CDAA) diet (NASH group),or CDAA diet + Y-40138 (NASH + Y-40138 group). In each group,we measured the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels,and the plasma and liver levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interferon-γ (IFN-γ),and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Tissue specimens of phosphate buffered saline-perfused liver were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining,Azan staining,Sirius red staining,and immunohistochemical staining (for Kupffer cells and TNF-α). We then extracted Kupffer cells from the collagenase-perfused livers using the Percoll gradient centrifugation method,and measured the TNF-α levels in the supernatant (in vitro TNF-α production by Kupffer cells) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ***:In comparison to the NASH group,serumALT elevation was mild,production of serum and liver TNF-α and IFN-γ was inhibited,and IL-10 production was increased in the NASH + Y-40138 group. Amelioration of liver histology was also noted in the NASH + Y-40138 group. Kupffer cell immunohistochemical staining revealed no differences between groups,whereas TNF-α immunohistochemical staining showed fewer stained cells in the NASH + Y-40138 group than in the NASH group. The TNF-α levels in the in-vitro Kupffer cell culture supernatant were lower in the NASH + Y-40138 group than in the NASH ***:Administration of Y-40138 to NASH model rats reduced hepatic inflammation and suppressed fibrosis. These results indicate that the multiple cytokine production modulator,Y-40138,is promising as a novel treatment for NASH.

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Y-40138 Tumor necrosis factor α Interferon γ Interleukin-10 Kupffer cell Innate immunity

Arsenic speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern,Pteris vittata

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第12期20卷 1463-1468页

作者： R.Shoji R.Yajima Y.yano Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo National College of Technology1220-2 KunugidaHachioji

Arsenic(As)speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern was *** particular,the mechanism of how plants induce compounds containing thiol(SH)and proteins by As exposure in terms of the relationship between As and phosphate uptaken into plant cells was *** vittata callus could effciently reduce As(V)to As(III)by the rapid introduction of reductase and synthesize thiols leading to phytochelatins ***,Pteris vittata could control phosphate concentration in t...

关键词： arsenic hyper accumulator phosphorus thiol phytochelatin

Variability in salt flux and water circulation in Ota River Estuary, Japan

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Water Science and Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 283-295页

作者： Mohammad SOLTANIASL Kiyosi KAWANISI Junki yano Kazuhiko ISHIKAWA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University

In this study the sub-tidal and intra-tidal variations of salt fluxes in the upstream section of a shallow estuary （with a water depth of less than 3 m） were investigated. The salt fluxes were estimated based on the cross-sectional average salinity and velocity measured by the fluvial acoustic tomography system （FATS）. The results indicate that the magnitude of seaward fluxes is approximately two times greater than that of landward fluxes under normal conditions. The results of short-term observation in the study area indicate that there is a phase lag of the bottom and surface salinities between the regions with the largest and smallest depths. The vertical shear flux with a peak value of-0.7 m2/s during the ebb tide indicated an important contribution to the total salt flux compared with the advective flux. A phase lag occurred between the vertical shear terms in the regions with the largest and smallest depths, which resulted from the correlation between the vertical variations of the salinity and velocity and the existence of transversal velocity circulations.

关键词： salt flux circulation fluvial acoustic tomography system (FATS) Ota River Estuary

Inter-Layer Energy Transfer through Wetting-Layer States in Bi-layer InGaAs/GaAs Quantum-Dot Structures with Thick Barriers

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第5期26卷 214-216页

作者：徐章程张雅婷 Jφrn M. Hvam yoshiji Horikoshi Nno-photonics Group Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials (MOE) TEDA College Nankai University Tianjin 300457 Department of Communications Optics and Materials and Nano.DTU Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Lynby Denmark School of Science & Engineering Waseda University Sinjuku-Ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan

The inter-layer energy transfer in a bi-layer InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot structure with a thick GaAs barrier is studied using temperature-dependent photoluminescence. The abnormal enhancement of the photoluminescence of the QDs in the layer with a larger amount of coverage considering the resonant Forster energy transfer between the at 110K is observed, which can be explained by wetting layer states at elevated temperatures.

关键词： gamma-ray bursts gamma-rays relativity

Effect of Intertidal Elevation at Tsuyazaki Cove,Fukuoka,Japan on Survival Rate of Horseshoe Crab Tachypleus tridentatus Eggs

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第3期21卷 601-610页

作者： ITAYA Shinji SHUUNO Mari ONIKURA Norio TAI Akira yano Shinichiro Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Department of Urban and Environmental EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan Tsuyazaki Seaside Nature School Fukutsu811-3304Japan Fishery Research Laboratory Department of Bioresource ScienceGraduate School of Bioenvironmental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan

Physical factors affecting the survival of Tachypleus tridentatus eggs were investigated by translocating their eggs between the high intertidal zone and the low intertidal zone of a known spawning *** mean egg survival rates per day were highest in the mid intertidal zone(45.1%±25.4%)and the lowest in the low intertidal zone(13.3%±27.6%).Differences in the elevation,air exposure time,and water content of the spawning ground were significant factors determining the egg survival *** or insufficient air exposure time resulted in inadequate water content at higher and lower intertidal zones and could reduce egg *** the other hand,moderate saturation and dehydration were repeated with each tidal movement in the mid intertidal *** dynamic is considered as one of the crucial factors for the survival of eggs and is considered optimal for ***,the protection of the mid intertidal zone is imperative for maximizing the egg survival rate in Tsuyazaki Cove where almost all suitable nesting sites have disappeared due to coastal *** protecting these optimal sites for spawning and recovering other optimal sites on suitable beaches,a positive contribution can be made to future management and *** study also suggests that translocating eggs from marginal to optimal spawning sites might be a recovery strategy for this globally endangered species.

关键词： air exposure time globally endangered species intertidal elevation intertidal zone optimal spawning site Tachypleus tridentatus translocated horseshoe crab eggs Tsuyazaki Cove

Effect of Injection Position on In-Flight Melting Behavior of Granular Alkali-Free Glass Raw Material in 12-Phase AC Arc Plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2009年第6期11卷 699-703页

作者：姚耀春 K.YATSUDA T.WATANABE T.yano National Engineering Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama 226-8502Japan Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8550Japan

An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with a multi-phase AC arc plasma was developed to save energy and reduce emissions for the glass industry. The effect of the injection position on the in-flight melting behavior of granulated powders was investigated. Results show that the injection position has a strong effect on the melting behavior of alkali-free glass raw material. With the increase in injection distance, the vitrification, decomposition, and particle shrinkage of initial powders are improved. Longer injection distance causes much energy to transfer to particles due to a longer residence time of powder in the high temperature zone. The high vitrification and decomposition degrees indicate that the new in-flight melting technology with 12-phase AC arc can substantially reduce the melting and refining time for glass production.

关键词： 12-phase AC arc plasma in-flight melting technology heat transfer glass production

Processing and Performance of Alumina Fiber Reinforced Alumina Composites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第4期19卷 337-340页

作者： P.Y.Leet T.Uchijima T.yano Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1O-okayamaMeguro-kuTokyo152-8550JapanResearch Laboratory for Nuclear ReactorsTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1O-okayamaMeguro-kuTokyo152-8550JapanResearch Laboratory for Nuclear ReactorsTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1O-okayamaMeguro-kuTokyo152-8550Japan

Processing of alumina fiber-reinforced alumina matrix composites by hot-pressing was described. The mechanical properties of the composites fabricated by different sintering conditions including temperature and pressure have been investigated. The results indicated that the higher sintering temperature and pressure corresponded to the higher bulk density and higher maximum strength of the composite, whereas the pseudo-ductility of the composite was lower. The preliminary results of the composite with monazite-coated fibers showed that maximum strength could be improved up to 35% compared with the noncoated fiber composite in the same sintering condition. Moreover, the fracture behavior of the composite changed from completely brittle fracture to non-brittle fracture under the suitable sintering conditions. SEM observation of the fracture surface indicated that the coating worked as a protective barrier and avoided sintering of the fibers together even at high temperature and pressure during densification process.

关键词： Al2O3/Al2O3 composites Mechanical properties Hot-pressing Fiber reinforced composites