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Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15539-15548页

作者： yoshihisa takahashi Toshio Fukusato Department of Pathology Teikyo University School of Medicine

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is the most common chronic liver disease, and the prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), the severe form of NAFLD, can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Although noninvasive clinical scores and image-based diagnosis for NAFLD have improved, histopathological evaluation of biopsy specimens remains the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD/NASH. Steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning are all necessary components for the diagnosis of NASH; fibrosis is also typically observed. Other histopathological abnormalities commonly observed in NASH include hepatocellular glycogenated nuclei, lipogranulomas, and acidophil bodies. The characteristics of pediatric NAFLD/NASH differ from adult NAFLD/NASH. Specifically, steatosis and portal inflammation are more severe in pediatric NAFLD, while intralobular inflammation and perisinusoidal fibrosis are milder. Although interobserver agreement for evaluating the extent of steatosis and fibrosis is high, agreement is low for intralobular and portal inflammation. A recently reported histological variant of HCC, steatohepatitic HCC(SH-HCC), showsfeatures that resemble non-neoplastic steatohepatitis,and is thought to be strongly associated with underlying *** this report,we review the histopathological features of NAFLD/NASH.

关键词： Histopathology Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Pediatric Interobserver variation

Plexiform angiomyxoid myofi broblastic tumor of the stomach

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第23期16卷 2835-2840页

作者： yoshihisa takahashi Masako Suzuki Toshio Fukusato Department of Pathology Teikyo University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Sekishinkai Sayama Hospital

Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor of the stomach is a unique mesenchymal tumor that we first described in *** tumor is very rare,and to date,only 18 cases confirmed by immunohistochemistry have been reported in the *** patients' ages ranged from 7 to 75 years(mean,43 years),and the male-to-female ratio was approximately 1:*** clinical symptoms are ulceration,associated upper gastrointestinal bleeding(hematemesis),and *** tumors are located at the antrum in all cases,and grossly,the tumor is whitish to brownish or reddish,and forms a lobulated submucosal or transmural ***,the tumor is characterized by a plexiform growth pattern,the proliferation of cytologically bland spindle cells,and a myxoid stroma that is rich in small vessels and positive for Alcian blue ***,the tumor cells are positive for α-smooth muscle actin and negative for KIT and *** diagnoses include gastrointestinal stromal tumor and other mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal *** authors proposed that this tumor should be designated as "plexiform fibromyxoma",but this designation might cause *** tumor is probably benign and thus far,neither recurrence nor metastasis has been reported.

关键词： Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor Stomach Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Plexiform fibromyxoma Myofi broblast Fibroblast

Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第19期18卷 2300-2308页

作者： yoshihisa takahashi Yurie Soejima Toshio Fukusato Department of Pathology Teikyo University School of MedicineTokyo 173-8605Japan

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat accumulates in the liver of a patient without a history of alcohol *** steatohepatitis(NASH),a severe form of NAFLD,can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** is regarded as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and incidence has been increasing worldwide in line with the increased prevalence of obesity,type 2 diabetes,and *** models of NAFLD/NASH give crucial information,not only in elucidating pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH but also in examining therapeutic effects of various *** ideal model of NAFLD/NASH should correctly reflect both hepatic histopathology and pathophysiology of human NAFLD/*** models of NAFLD/NASH are divided into genetic,dietary,and combination *** this paper,we review commonly used animal models of NAFLD/NASH referring to their advantages and disadvantages.

关键词： Animal model Nonalcoholic fatty liver dis-ease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Histopathology

Current pharmacological therapies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第13期21卷 3777-3785页

作者： yoshihisa takahashi Keiichiro Sugimoto Hiroshi Inui Toshio Fukusato Department of Pathology Teikyo University School of MedicineTokyo 173-8605Japan Research and Development Center Nagaoka Perfumery Co. Ltd.IbarakiOsaka 567-0005Japan Center for Research and Development of Bioresources Osaka Prefecture UniversitySakaiOsaka 599-8570Japan Department of Clinical Nutrition College of Health and Human SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityHabikinoOsaka 583-8555Japan

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) is considered to be a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and its incidence is rapidly increasing worldwide. It is currently the most common chronic liver disease. NASH can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and may result in liver-related death. Currently, the principal treatment for NAFLD/NASH is lifestyle modification by diet and exercise. However, pharmacological therapy is indispensable because obese patients with NAFLD often have difficulty maintaining improved lifestyles. The pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH has not been completely elucidated. However, insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress are thought to be important in the development and/or progression of the disease. Currently, insulin sensitizers(thiazolidinediones) and antioxidants(vitamin E) seem to be the most promising therapeutic agents for NAFLD/NASH, and lipid-lowering drugs, pentoxifylline, angiotensin receptor blockers, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids also have promise. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the most effective and appropriate pharmacotherapy for NAFLD/NASH. Animal experiments suggest that herbal medicines and natural products may be promising therapeutic agents for NAFLD/NASH, but their efficacy and safety are yet to be investigated in human studies. In this paper, we review the existing and potential pharmacological therapies for NAFLD/NASH.

关键词： Pharmacological therapy Nonalcoholic fatty liver d

Russell body duodenitis in a patient with retroperitoneal metastasis of ureteral cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第1期19卷 125-128页

作者： yoshihisa takahashi Seiichiro Shimizu Koji Uraushihara Toshio Fukusato Department of Pathology Teikyo University School of MedicineTokyo 173-8605Japan Department of Pathology Showa General HospitalTokyo 187-8510Japan Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine Showa General HospitalTokyo 187-8510Japan

Russell bodies are globular and eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of mature plasma *** cells whose cytoplasm is filled with Russell bodies are designated as Mott *** body duodenitis(RBD) is a unique form of chronic duodenitis that is characterized by infiltration of numerous Mott *** is very rare;only two cases have been reported to *** this paper,we report a case of RBD in a patient with retroperitoneal metastasis of ureteral cancer.A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of appetite loss,vomiting,and upper abdominal *** had undergone left nephroureterectomy for ureteral cancer 4 years *** digestive tract endoscopy revealed edema,stenosis,and punctate redness of the mucosa of the duodenum,and a biopsy was *** analysis showed that numerous Mott cells had infiltrated the lamina propria mucosae,and the condition was diagnosed as RBD.A mass lesion in the retroperitoneum adjacent to the duodenum was detected by abdominal computed tomography,and was diagnosed as metastatic urothelial carcinoma by *** is possible that chemokines produced by tumor cells caused RBD in this case.

关键词： Russell body Duodenitis Ureteral cancer Mott cells Plasma cells

Adenomyoma of the small intestine

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2011年第6期2卷 88-92页

作者： yoshihisa takahashi Toshio Fukusato Department of Pathology Teikyo University School of Medicine2-11-1 Kaga Itabashi-kuTokyo 173-8605Japan

Adenomyoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare benign tumor-like *** small intestine is the second most frequent location,usually in the periampullary area,but the lesion also occurs in the jejunum and *** adenomyoma of the Vaterian system is primarily diagnosed in adults,more than half of reported cases of jejunal and ileal adenomyoma have been diagnosed in pediatric *** of the periampullary area usually presents with biliary obstruction or abdominal pain,whereas jejunal and ileal adenomyoma usually presents with intussusception or is incidentally discovered during surgery or *** endoscopic and radiological examination yields uncharacteristic findings,histopathological evaluation is important in adenomyoma ***,adenomyoma consists of glandular structures of various sizes and interlacing smooth muscle bundles that surround the glandular *** pathogenesis of adenomyoma is generally considered to be either a form of hamartoma or a pancreatic *** limited resection is considered the most effective treatment,pancreaticoduodenectomy is often performed when the lesion occurs in the periampullary area due to preoperative misdiagnosis as a *** is,therefore,important that clinicians and pathologists maintain current knowledge of the disease to avoid inaccurate diagnosis,which could lead to unnecessary surgery.

关键词： Adenomyoma Small intestine Biliary obstruction Intussusception Hamartoma Heterotopic pancreas

Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist Ⅱ-producing gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2010年第4期1卷 129-136页

作者： yoshihisa takahashi Tohru Inoue Toshio Fukusato Department of Pathology Teikyo University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Tokyo Kousei-Nenkin Hospital

Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ) is a putative specific marker of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),but it may also be produced by asmall number of gastric *** date,16 cases of PIVKA-Ⅱ-producing gastric cancer have been reported,2 of which were reported by us and all of which were identified in *** are no symptoms specific to PIVKA-Ⅱ-producing gastric cancer,and the representative clinical symptoms are general fatigue,appetite loss,and upper abdominal *** alpha-feto-protein(AFP)levels are also increased in almost *** metastasis is observed in approximately 80% of cases and portal vein tumor thrombus is ob-served in approximately 20% of *** diagnosis between metastatic liver tumor and HCC is often ***,almost all cases appear as advanced gastric ***,a hepatoid pattern is observed in many cases,in addition to a moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma *** production of PIVKA-Ⅱ and AFP is usually confirmed using immunohistochemical *** and prognosis largely depends on the existence of liver meta-stasis,and the prognosis of patients with liver metas-tasis is very ***-Ⅱ may be produced during the hepatocellular metaplasia of the tumor cells.

关键词： Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist Ⅱ Gastric cancer Alpha-fetoprotein Hepato-cellular carcinoma Hepatoid carcinoma

Efficacy of the revised Vienna Classification for diagnosing colorectal epithelial neoplasias

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第19期15卷 2351-2356页

作者： Kenji Tominaga Sumio Fujinuma Takuro Endo yoshihisa Saida Kei takahashi Iruru Maetani Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineToho University Ohashi Medical Center2-17-6 OhashiMeguro-kuTokyo 153-8515Japan Third Department of Surgery Toho University Ohashi Medical Center2-17-6 OhashiMeguro-kuTokyo 153-8515Japan Department of Surgical Pathology Toho University Ohashi Medical Center2-17-6 OhashiMeguro-kuTokyo 153-8515Japan

AIM： To prospectively investigate the efficacy of the revised Vienna Classification for diagnosing colorectal epithelial neoplastic lesions in cold biopsy ***： Patients were selected for inclusion if they had colorectal epithelial lesions that were not considered suitable for direct endoscopic resection,These included colorectal polyps ≥ 10 mm and lesions suspected of being carcinomas capable of invading the colorectal submucosa or beyond, including strictures, based on the cold biopsies obtained from each lesion prior to resection. We investigated the relationship between diagnoses based on cold biopsy samples using the revised Vienna Classification and resected specimens of the same lesions, and the therapeutic implications of diagnoses made using the revised Vienna Classification. The same cold biopsy specimens were also examined using the Japanese Group Classification guidelines, and compared with the resected specimens of the same lesions for ***： A total of 179 lesions were identified. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negativepredictive values of the revised Vienna Classification for distinguishing between intramucosal lesions and submucosal invasive carcinomas in cold biopsy specimens was 22.2%, 100%, 100%, and 71.4%,respectively, and for distinguishing between intramucosal lesions and those invading the submucosa or beyond was 59.7%, 100%, 100%, and 37.6%,respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Japanese Group Classification for distinguishing between intramucosal lesions and submucosal invasive carcinomas in cold biopsy specimens was 83.3%, 91.4%, 83.3%. and 91.4%, respectively, and for distinguishing between intramucosal lesions and those invading the submucosa or beyond was 95.1%, 91.4%, 97.9%, and 82.1%, respectively. A total of 137 of 144 carcinomas that had invaded the submucosa or beyond and three high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias were diagnosed as ＂carcinoma＂

关键词： Biopsy Cancer Colonoscopy Colorectalepithelial neoplasia Revised Vienna Classification

Visible Light-Induced Photocatalysis on Carbon Nitride Deposited Titanium Dioxide： Hydrogen Production from Sacrificial Aqueous Solutions

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2017年第2期35卷 165-172页

作者： Shinya Higashimoto Kohji Hikita Masashi Azuma Mari Yamamoto Masanari takahashi yoshihisa sakata Masaya Matsuoka Hisayoshi Kobayashi Department of Applied Chemistry College of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-10miya Asahi-ku Osaka 535-8585 Japan Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute 1-6-50 Morinomiya Joto-ku Osaka 536-8553 Japan Graduate School of Science andEngineering Yamaguchi University 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube 755-8611 Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho Naka-ku Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan

Carbon and nitrogen species-involved TiO2 （CN-TiO2） were systematically synthesized by thermal condensa- tion of cyanuric acid on the TiO2 surface. And the photocatalytic reactions for H2 production from sacrificial aque- ous solutions were performed on several CN-TiO2 photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the CN-TiO2 was influenced by total amounts of carbon and nitrogen species, and the preferable activity was ten times higher than that of pristine carbon nitride. Here, the states of the CN-TiO2 photocatalyst were charac- terized by XPS, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as DFT calculations. The photo-electrochemical measure- ments confirmed that the enhancement of H2 production is associated with effective charge separation under photo- excitation of highly dispersed carbon nitride on the TiO2 surface.

关键词： carbon nitride TiO2 visible light photo-electrochemistry DFT calculation sacrificial H2 production