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Comparative proteomics analysis of tea leaves exposed to subzero temperature:Molecular mechanism of freeze injury

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第4期6卷 27-34页

作者： hu yongguang Lu Yongzong Lu Jian Institute of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina

Tea freeze injury is one of the most severe agro-meteorological disasters,which leads to sizable losses of tea production in *** freezing resistant ability of overwintering tea trees becomes weaker and weaker from early-spring to *** it decreases to critical temperature of-2℃or lower in the stage with one or two leaves,tea trees suffer from freeze injury and the yield or quality of spring tea production could decrease *** measurements have been taken to prevent such damage,the physiological and biochemical mechanism of how tea(Camellia Sinensis)plant response to freeze injury is still to be elucidated.A comparative proteomics analysis was made on tea leaves at the two-leaf *** differential image analysis showed 46 spots with density changes(29 spots increased and 17 spots decreased;p<0.01)in the freeze injury group compared with the control *** eight differential protein spots(p<0.01)with good resolution and relatively high abundance in MS were subjected to further protein *** them,all 17 up-regulated spots were collected whereas only six of the down-regulated spots were *** differentially expressed proteins including heat shock protein 70,oxygen-evolving enhancer protein,adenosine triphosphate synthase,S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and some enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism,were shown responsive to freeze *** results would greatly increase the comprehension of the molecular mechanism for freeze injury and provide a better decision making for freeze protection and control.

关键词： freeze injury molecular mechanism freeze protection comparative proteomics Camellia Sinensis mass spectrometry

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Responses of electrical properties of tea leaves to low-temperature stress

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第5期8卷 170-175页

作者： Lu Yongzong hu yongguang Zhang Xiliang Li Pingping School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Critical temperature is one of the most important parameters for the control of crop frost protection through airflow *** changes with complex weather conditions,thus it is difficult to be determined.A method of testing electrical property of tea leaves under cold stress was put forward to indicate critical *** testing system was established to measure the capacitance,impedance,resistance and reactance of the samples under different air temperatures,air humidities and airflow *** variation of the electrical property was also *** results show that at humidity below 70%and airflow velocity of 0 m/s the impedance and resistance increased slowly,while the reactance kept steady when air temperature decreased from 8.0°C to around−6.3°C,and then increased rapidly from around−6.3°C to−15.0°*** were no significant differences of the above parameters and variation trend under different airflow *** was an exponential relationship between the impedance and the *** capacitance was rather small and almost no change occurred with air temperature under different conditions of air velocity and humidity,except a few abrupt *** maximum peak capacitance was representative of its response at certain humidity and airflow *** typical temperatures were close to a range,where the other three parameters began to increase *** typical temperature dropped to the lowest of−7.8°C at the airflow velocity of 0 m/***,the characteristic response of the capacitance could indicate critical temperature of tea leaves.

关键词： low-temperature stress electrical property capacitance Camellia Sinensis critical temperature

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Tea leaf’s microstructure and ultrastructure response to low temperature in indicating critical damage temperature

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第2期6卷 247-254页

作者： Yongzong Lu yongguang hu Richard LSnyder Eric RKent Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Ministry of Education Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212013China Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavis 95616USA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavis 95616USA

To find out the critical damage temperature of tea leaf,a new method of subzero treatment was provided by fitting the air temperature data from six heavy frost ***,the study explored the characteristics of Fuding Dabai tea plant response to low temperature stress of 2,0,2,4,8,10 and15C by observing the microstructure and ultrastructure changes of the *** samples were collected in an ambient temperature of 8.6C which served as *** electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were used to observe the microstructure and ultrastructure of stomata and *** observation results indicated that stomata of tea leaves have an obvious low temperature stress when the temperature was lower than2*** extent of opening of the stomata increased and enhanced guard cell protection of tea leaves against cold ***,dehydration,shrinkage and deformation of cells occurred as the temperature decreased from2C to15*** observations showed that the cell nucleus,cell walls,chloroplasts and mitochondria all had normal structure at a temperature of 8.6C where the membrane and granum lamella were clearly *** the temperature decreased to2C,the membrane system of tea leaf was the first to be damaged and the cell walls became ***,the leaf microstructure and ultrastructure showed obvious changes at2C,which might define the critical damage temperature for freeze damage of Fuding Dabai *** strategy based this critical damage temperature is useful for wind machine frost protection in tea fields within the Yangtze River region.

关键词： Frost damage Freeze injury Chill injury Frost protection

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Leaf Wettability Difference Among Tea Leaf Ages and Analysis Based on Microscopic Surface Features

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第2期92卷 411-421页

作者： Qingmin Pan Yongzong Lu Liang Xue yongguang hu School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology Chengdu610021China

The wettability of leaf surface,commonly represented by contact angle(CA),affects various physiological and physical *** present study aims to better understand the wettability of tea leaves and elucidate its influence on the energy barrier of the droplet condensation *** CA values of different leaf ages(young,mature and old)of five famous tea cultivars(Maolu,longjing 43,huangjinya,Zhongcha 108 and Anji Baicha)were measured via the sessile drop method,and the micro-morphology of two cultivars leaves(Maolu,Zhongcha 108)was investigated by a 3D super depth-of-field digital ***,two radically distinctive types of CA trends were observed,one was the decreased firstly and then increased slightly with the increase of leaf age,while the other stayed *** valley depth or maximum height(RZ)of Maolu leaf surface increased with the leaf age while the RZ of Zhongcha 108 leaf remained unchanged by comparing the microscopic *** Maolu mature leaf CA decline attributed to the young leaf was hydrophilic(θ<90°),and it was considered that surface structures like folds and pits on old leaf played a crucial role in making CA *** deviation in CA can lead to significant error in calculation of the contact angle function of energy barrier in phase *** will have great significant for simulating and better understanding the formation of frost on tea leaves.

关键词： Wettability contact angle tea surface energy barrier

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Optimal flight parameters of unmanned helicopter for tea plantation frost protection

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第5期8卷 50-57页

作者： hu yongguang Liu Shengzhong Wu Wenye Wang Jizhang Shen Jianwen School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Electronic Application Laboratory of Wuxi Hanhe Unmanned Helicopters Wuxi 214135China

To determine proper flight parameters of an unmanned helicopter for tea plantation frost protection,field experiments were conducted to study the impact of flight height,speed and interval on airflow disturbance and temperature rise around tea canopies based on the analysis and simulation of frost protection with a certain *** relationship between temperature rise after flight and the above flight parameters was established through a regression orthogonal experiment,based on which the optimal combination of flight parameters was obtained through the single-factor golden section *** results showed that wind speed around tea canopies decreased with the increase of flight height when flight speed was *** was a multivariate linear relationship between temperature rise and flight parameters,and the sequence of flight parameters’influence on frost protection effect was flight interval,flight height,flight *** optimal combination of flight parameters were flight height of 4.0 m,flight speed of 6.0 m/s and flight interval of 20 *** the flight with the above parameters air temperature around tea canopies increased 1.6℃ when background thermal inversion strength was 3.8℃.

关键词： thermal inversion frost protection unmanned helicopter flight parameters orthogonal experiment single-factor golden section method tea plants

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Detection and assessment of nitrogen effect on cold tolerance for tea by hyperspectral reflectance with PLSR, PCR, and LM models

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第1期8卷 96-104页

作者： Eric Amoah Asante Zhe Du Yongzong Lu yongguang hu School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Institute of Agricultural EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212013China Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKoforidua Technical UniversityKoforiduaGhana

Knowledge of nutrients effect on freezing tolerance is vital for protecting tea plants against cold injury(CI).Freezing injury treatments on tea leaves with different low temperature and nitrogen(N)concentration was evaluated by hyperspectral imaging based on the reflectance as potential analytical ***,quantitative evaluation of the CI was improved by comparing analyzed results using partial least squares regression(PLSR),principle component regression(PCR)and linear model(LM)*** of the CI was obtained by hyperspectral imaging system in the band between 871 and 1766 *** results showed that average reflectance increases with the rise of N concentration.A substantial portion of the leaf from the plant with 100%N dosage had the darkest image and resulted in the highest reflectance because the N weakened the negative effect of freezing *** of the five spectral domains tested,the best predictive accuracy for the CI of the tea leaf was achieved by PCR(R^(2)=0.9971,RMSE=0.0609)in 1410–1766 nm wavelength,followed by LM(R^(2)=0.9999,RMSE=0.0805)in 871–1000 *** whole interval had the worse prediction accuracy which could be caused by large variations in the data for a specific treatment and high absorption peak occurring around 1450 nm in the reflectance *** averages,R^(2) and RMSE for all the three statistical models showed that the worse prediction accuracy occurred in 1410–1766 nm,followed by the whole interval 871–1766 *** prediction accuracy was low which could be due to the strong water absorption peaks that appeared in both range of *** models without absorption bands had improved correlation coefficient and reduced RMSE values between the measured and the predicted CI(R^(2)=0.9676;RMSE=0.3067)compared to the model developed with the reflectance values in the entire waveband(R^(2)=0.9504;RMSE=0.6629).The reflectance values where absorption bands occurred had detrimental effect on the model performance,which

关键词： Cold injury Hyperspectral imaging Reflectance Principal component

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Optimal design of wind machine impeller for frost protection based on CFD and its field test on airflow disturbance

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第5期8卷 43-49,I0002页

作者： Wu Wenye hu yongguang Yang Shuo Mao Kangqian Zhu Xiaoyong Li Pingping School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Wind machines have been increasingly applied to prevent frost damage through airflow disturbance in tea fields and *** impeller is the most important component of the ***,there are few studies on customized impeller design or airflow disturbance *** objective of this study was to design a new impeller for frost protection wind machines based on reverse engineering and CFD *** characteristic parameters of an impeller include blade cross-section shape,installation angle,sweep angle,hub ratio and blade *** optimal combination of the above parameters was obtained through the simulation of the impeller’s aerodynamic *** tests were conducted in a tea field to evaluate airflow disturbance performance of the designed *** result shows that at a certain rotation speed and rotation diameter,the optimal combination of impeller parameters was:single arc cross-section ofϕ2400 mm,installation angle of 15°,sweep angle of 87°,hub ratio of 0.3 and blade number of 4,of which the impeller could achieve the highest usage of 0.56,the least consumed power of 1.363 kW and more uniform distribution of surface pressure on the windward *** with other commercial frost protection wind machines,the maximum airflow velocity of the developed impeller was higher at 12 m in front of *** probability of airflow velocity above 3.0 m/s within 30 min was the highest(71.7%),indicating its improvement of airflow *** swing the new impeller could cover an effective area of 300 m2,which was similar to that of the commercial ones.

关键词： frost protection wind machine impeller CFD reverse engineering airflow disturbance tea orchard

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Sprinkler irrigation system for tea frost protection and the application effect

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第5期9卷 17-23页

作者： hu yongguang Zhao Chen Liu Pengfei Asante Eric Amoah Li Pingping Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

A sprinkler irrigation system was designed and applied for a tea field to achieve frost protection through latent heat release when water turning into *** protection effects during night were tested at different irrigation application rates by monitoring air temperature around tea canopy(Tc).Temperature sensors were arranged at different distances from the *** preliminary results showed that,when the sprinkler system worked continuously at the application rate of 2-4 mm/h before sunrise,tea canopy was covered with ice and Tc remained around 0℃,preventing tea plants from frost *** no more temperature rise was obviously observed at the application rates above 4 mm/h,which means less cost *** system was stopped after sunrise when background air temperature rose back to 0℃and Tc increased by 2.2℃in one hour,while Tc of non-irrigated area increased by 4.8℃,which might cause thawing injuries to tea *** leaf surface temperature was lower than Tc,and the difference between the leaf surface temperature and Tc decreased with the increase of application ***,the sprinkler irrigation system could achieve tea frost protection,and the recommended application rate was 2-4 mm/h for better protection *** system should keep running throughout frost night till half an hour after *** start and stop of the sprinkler irrigation system should be controlled based on Tc.

关键词： sprinkler irrigation frost protection Camellia Sinensis L application rate temperature rise frost damage

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Structural analysis on cutting notch of tea stalk by X-ray micro-computed tomography

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第2期7卷 242-248页

作者： Zhe Du yongguang hu Wenye Wu Yongzong Lu Noman Ali Buttar School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Institute of Agricultural EngineeringJiangsu UniversityChina School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu UniversityChina School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Institute of Agricultural EngineeringJiangsu UniversityChina and Department of LandAir and Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisUnited States

Quantitative analysis on cutting notch of tea stalk is one method to better understand shear resistance and mechanical properties of the stalk,which could improve cutting performance and efficiency for tea *** design of the cutter might be achieved through structural analysis of cutting notch by X-ray micro-computed tomography(micro-CT).The third inter-node of the stalks were sampled and scanned by micro-CT after they were cut at different cutting depths(0.7,1.5,2.3 mm)and cutting edge angles of cutter(30,35,40).The structural change of the cutting notch and cutting force was ***-scale histogram analysis and bimodal segmentation method were used to extract the information about cutting notch from 2D slice images.A 3D model of the stalk was established with reconstruction and volume ***,maximum crosssectional area ratio of cutting notch(MCSARCN)and volume ratio of cutting notch(VRCN)were *** results show that MCSARCN and VRCN had a closely relationship with the cutting force,cutting depth and cutting edge angle according to 3D tomographic images and 2D slice *** MCSARCN and VRCN increased with cutting depth,despite of cutting edge *** cutting edge angle of 30,35and 40at different cutting depths,MCSARCN increased from 4.89%to 9.47%,from 8.51%to 22.83%and from 4.30%to 16.87%,***,VRCN increased from 1.59%to 2.13%,from 2.98%to 5.76%and from 3.04%to 5.01%,*** cutting depth was 1.5 mm,cutting force increased but VRCN present a decreased trend with cutting edge angle.X-ray micro-CT could be used to analyze the structure on cutting notch of tea stalks which is helpful in optimizing the structural parameters of the cutter.

关键词： Tea stalk Cutting notch X-ray micro-computed tomography Structural analysis

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Control system of a performance test-bed for frost protection wind machines

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第6期9卷 36-43页

作者： hu yongguang Liu Ping Asante Eric Amoah Wu Wenye Li Pingping Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

To test the performance and optimize operational parameters of various frost protection wind machines,a control system of performance test-bed was designed and developed based on Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)and touch *** system realized automatic control of operational parameters including hydraulic platform height,impeller rotation speed,depression angle,rotation range and *** case study results shows that the control accuracy of all the parameters was achieved with the average errors of 2.11 cm for height,9.5 r/min for impeller rotation speed,0.83°for pan-tilt rotation range and 0.061 min for rotation *** the control of the test-bed,the performances of various wind machines,such as the distribution of airflow and temperature,and frost protection effect,could be tested under various working conditions,which provide experiment supports for developing wind machines adapted to different conditions with higher frost protection effect.

关键词： frost protection wind machines performance test-bed design control PLC

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