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Flash flood type identification and simulation based on flash flood behavior indices in China

Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第7期64卷 1140-1154页

作者： Xiaoyan ZHAI Liang GUO yongyong zhang State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster ReductionChina Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Flash floods present significant heterogeneity over both space and time due to diverse topographic,geomorphologic,and hydro-meteorological conditions of *** identification and simulation of typical flash flood types are of great significance for the mitigation of flash flood disasters at the national *** flood peak indices and dynamic indices were adopted to characterize the behavioral variability of flash *** typical flash flood types and corresponding behavior indices were identified and simulated using statistical analysis(i.e.,principal component analysis,dynamic K-means clustering,and analysis of similarity)and hydrological modelling(i.e.,HEC and XAJ models).There were 177 flash flood events at the hourly scale being selected for case study from eight catchments with various climatic and geographic *** showed that all the flash flood events were clustered into three types(named Types 1,2,and 3).Type 1 was characterized by low peak flow intensity,early flood peak occurrence time,and thin flood process with short *** 2 was characterized by low peak flow intensity,late flood peak occurrence time,and flat flood process with long *** 3 was characterized by high peak flow intensity and late flood peak occurrence *** flood types showed high consistency with their influencing factors(e.g.,catchment forest ratio and drainage area,occurrence time and magnitude of maximum storm intensity,and concentration of a storm event).The simulation performances were basically the same for HEC and XAJ *** for flash flood event simulations,the average relative error varied from 23.25%to 27.98%,from 11.95%to 18.19%,and from 8.30%to18.25%for Types 1,2 and 3,*** average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient varied from 0.39 to 0.54,from 0.76 to 0.85,and from 0.86 to 0.91,*** for the six flash flood behavior indices simulations,the average relative rootmean-square error(RMSEr)varie

关键词： Flood similarity Flood behavior Statistical analysis HEC and XAJ models Humid and semi-humid catchments

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Runoff of arid and semi-arid regions simulated and projected by CLM-DTVGM and its multi-scale fluctuations as revealed by EEMD analysis

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第4期8卷 506-520页

作者： NING Like XIA Jun ZHAN Chesheng zhang yongyong Key Laboratory of Water Cycle&Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources&Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430000China

Runoff is a major component of the water cycle, and its multi-scale fluctuations are important to water resources management across arid and semi-arid regions. This paper coupled the Distributed Time Variant Gain Model （DTVGM） into the Community Land Model （CLM 3.5）, replacing the TOPMODEL-based method to simulate runoff in the arid and semi-arid regions of China. The coupled model was calibrated at five gauging stations for the period 1980-2005 and validated for the period 2006-2010. Then, future runoff （2010-2100） was simulated for different Representative Concentration Pathways （RCP） emission scenarios. After that, the spatial distributions of the future runoff for these scenarios were discussed, and the multi-scale fluctuation characteristics of the future annual runoff for the RCP scenarios were explored using the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition （EEMD） analysis method. Finally, the decadal variabilities of the future annual runoff for the entire study area and the five catchments in it were investigated. The results showed that the future annual runoff had slowly decreasing trends for scenarios RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 during the period 2010-2100, whereas it had a non-monotonic trend for the RCP 4.5 scenario, with a slow increase after the 2050s. Additionally, the future annual runoff clearly varied over a decadal time scale, indicating that it had clear divisions between dry and wet periods. The longest dry period was approximately 15 years （2040-2055） for the RCP 2.6 scenario and 25 years （2045-2070） for the RCP 4.5 scenario. However, the RCP 8.5 scenario was predicted to have a long dry period starting from 2045. Under these scenarios, the water resources situation of the study area will be extremely severe. Therefore, adaptive water management measures addressing climate change should be adopted to proactively confront the risks of water resources.

关键词： Community Land Model (CLM) Distributed Time Variant Gain Model (DTVGM) Ensemble EmpiricalMode Decomposition (EEMD) decadal variability arid and semi-arid regions

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Investigation on flood event variations at space and time scales in the Huaihe River Basin of China using flood behavior classification

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第12期30卷 2053-2075页

作者： zhang yongyong CHEN Qiutan XIA Jun Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Flood is one of the severest natural disasters in the world and has caused enormous causalities and property *** studies usually focus on flood magnitude and occurrence time at event scale,which are insufficient to contain entire behavior characteristics of flood *** our study,nine behavior metrics in five categories(e.g.,magnitude,duration,timing,rates of changes and variability)are adopted to fully describe a flood *** and interannual variations of representative flood classes are investigated based on behavior similarity classification of numerous *** of geography,land use,hydrometeorology and human regulation on these variations are explored by rank analysis *** show that:five representative classes are identified,namely,conventional events(Class 1,61.7% of the total),low discharge events with multiple peaks(Class 2,5.3%),low discharge events with low rates of changes(Class 3,18.1%),low discharge events with high rates of changes(Class 4,10.8%)and high discharge events with long durations(Class 5,4.1%).Classes 1 and 3 are the major flood events and distributed across the whole *** 4 is mainly distributed in river sources,while Classes 2 and 5 are in the middle and down ***,the flood class is most diverse in normal precipitation years(2006,2008-2010 and 2015),followed by wet years(2007,2013-2014),and dry years(2011 and 2012).All the impact factor categories explain 34.0%-84.1% of individual flood class *** hydrometeorological category(7.2%-56.9%)is the most important,followed by geographical(1.0%-6.3%),regulation(1.7%-5.1%)and land use(0.9%-2.2%)*** study could provide new insights into flood event variations in a comprehensive manner,and provide decision-making basis for flood control and resource utilization at basin scale.

关键词： flood events behavior metrics classification regional and interannual variations potential impacts

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Regulation characteristics of underlying surface on runoff regime metrics and their spatial differences in typical urban communities across China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第8期65卷 1415-1430页

作者： yongyong zhang Jinjin HOU Jun XIA Dunxian SHE Shengjun WU Xingyao PAN Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface ProcessesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Changjiang Investigation PlanningDesign and Research Co.Ltd.Wuhan 430014China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400417China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Water Cycle and Sponge City Technology Beijing 100048China

The regulation and spatial differences of urban runoffs are of great concern in contemporary hydrological ***,owing to a shortage of basic data sources and restrictions on urban hydrological simulation functions,simulating and investigating the regulation mechanism behind rainfall-runoff processes remain significantly *** this study,the Time Variant Gain Model(TVGM),a hydrological nonlinear system model,was extrapolated to the hydrodynamic model of an urban drainage network system by integrating it with the widely used Stormwater Management Model(SWMM)to adequately simulate urban runoff events while considering various underlying surfaces and runoff routing modes,such as surface,drainage network and river runoff,in urban regions(i.e.,TVGM-SWMM).Moreover,runoff events were characterized using the following four runoff regime metrics:runoff coefficient,capture ratio of annual runoff volume,standardized flood timescale,and the ratio of occurrence time differences between flow and rainfall peak to event duration(peak flow delay time).The characteristics and spatial differences of urban runoff regulations were investigated,and the key impact factors and their relative contributions were identified using multivariate statistical *** communities were selected as our study areas,consisting of communities from Beijing,Shenzhen,Wuhan,and *** results showed that the TVGM-SWMM performed considerably better than SWMM *** comprehensive simulation accuracy of 60%of the events(12/20)improved by 4-86%,with the bias improving the most,followed by the efficiency *** the runoff coefficient,significant spatial differences were identified at the patch scale for the runoff regime metrics,with differences of 0.43,0.22,and 0.16(p<0.05).The key impact factors were the pipe length(r=0.51)in the drainage network system and the forest area ratios(r=0.56),sponge measures(r=0.52),grassland(r=0.48),and impervious surface(r=0.46)in t

关键词： Runoff event Regime metrics Spatial differences Urban rainfall-runoff model Underlying surface regulation

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Opportunities and challenges of the Sponge City construction related to urban water issues in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第4期60卷 652-658页

作者： XIA Jun zhang yongyong XIONG LiHua HE Shan WANG LongFeng YU ZhongBo State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China CPG Consultants Pte Ltd 1 Gateway Drive Westgate Tower Singapore 608531 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization *** construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,particularly for the *** this study,both the urban issues emerged at the stage of rapid urbanization in China and the demands as well as problems of Sponge City construction related with the water issues were investigated,and the opportunities and challenges for the Sponge City construction in the future were also *** was found that the current stormwater management focused on the construction of gray infrastructures(e.g.,drainage network and water tank) based on the fast discharge idea,which was costly and hard to catch up with the rapid expansion of city and its impervious surface,while green infrastructures(e.g.,river,lake and wetland)were ***,the current construction of Sponge City was still limited to low impacted development(LID) approach which was concentrated on source control measures without consideration of the critical functions of surrounding landscapes(i.e.,mountain,river,wetland,forest,farmland and lake),while application of the integrated urban water system approach and its supported technologies including municipal engineering,urban hydrology,environmental science,social science and ecoscape were relatively weak and needed to be ***,the lack of special Sponge City plan and demonstration area was also a considerable *** this paper,some perspectives on Good Sponge City Construction were proposed such as the point that idea of urban plan and construction should conform to the integral and systematic view of sustainable urban ***,both the basic theoretical research and the basic infrastructure construction such as monitoring system,drainage facility and demonstration area should be strengthened,meanwhile,the reformation and innovation in the urban water management system and

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Indian Plate Asian Plate Initial collision Suturing processes

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Mesoscale soil moisture survey by mobile cosmic-ray neutron sensor across various landscapes in the Heihe River Basin

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2023年第5期15卷 211-218页

作者： ShaoXiong Wu yongyong zhang WenRong Kang WenZhi Zhao National Field Science Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Linze Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The cosmic-ray neutron technology is a novel method for upscaling soil moisture,holding significant importance in drought monitoring,soil water storage estimation,calibration of remote sensing products,and data assimilation of land surface ***,most studies conducted soil moisture measurement experiments using static Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors(CRNS)and are often limited to a single landscape,lacking in-situ measurement for the cosmic-ray neutron rover across various *** study carried out soil moisture observation experiments using a cosmic-ray neutron rover in nine grassland plots,nine farmland plots,and nine desert plots of the Heihe River Basin,Northwest *** neutron counts displayed clear variations among different plots,and an equation could represent the relationship between neutron intensity and multiple variables near the *** parameter N0 was the smallest for grassland and greatest for desert,and there was a significant negative correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and N0(P<0.05).Furthermore,the performance of CRNS notably improved after considering soil lattice water and soil organic *** Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)between the measured and oven-dried soil moisture increased with *** moisture measured by CRNS strongly supported the 100 m diameter footprint assumption(RMSE<0.044 g/g).The study offers valuable insights into the application and promotion of cosmic-ray neutron technology across various landscapes within a basin.

关键词： Soil water content Neutron intensity Footprint Multi-landscapes Northwest China

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Impact of environmental factors on water quality at multiple spatial scales and its spatial variation in Huai River Basin, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第1期61卷 82-92页

作者： XIA Jun WANG LongFeng YU JingJie ZHAN CheSheng zhang yongyong QIAO YunFeng WANG YueLing Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Belting 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Quantitative assessment of water quality and its spatial variation identification, as well as the discernment of primary factors affecting water quality are in its urgent in water environment management. In this study, four key water quality indicators,namely, ammonia nitrogen(NH_4^+-N), permanganate index(COD_(Mn)), total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN) at 71 sampling sites were selected to evaluate water quality and its spatial variation identification. More concerns were emphasized on the anthropogenic factors(land use pattern) and natural factors(river density, elevation and precipitation) to quantify the overall water quality variations at different spatial scales. Results showed that the Yi-Shu-Si River sub-basin had a better water quality status than the Huai River sub-basin. The moderate polluted area nearly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Shaying River and Guo River. The high cluster centers which were surrounded with COD_(Mn), NH_4^+-N, TN and TP mainly also distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Shaying River and Guo River. Redundancy analysis showed that the 200 m buffer area acted as the most sensitive area, which was easily subjected to pollution. The precipitation was identified as the most important variables among all the studied hydrological units, followed by farmland, urban land or elevation. The point source pollution was still existed although the non-point source pollution was also identified. The urban surface runoff pollution was severer than farmland fertilizer loss at the sub-basin scale in flood season, while the farmland showed "small-scale" effects for explaining overall water quality variations. This research is helpful for identifying the overall water quality variations from the scale-process interactions and providing a scientific basis for pollution control and decision making for the Huai River Basin.

关键词： Fuzzy comprehensive assessment Environmental factors Moran's I Redundancy analysis Pearson's correlation analysis Huai River Basin

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Urban water system theory and its model development and application

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 704-724页

作者： Jun XIA yongyong zhang Dunxian SHE Shiyan zhang Jun YANG Mingquan LV Xiang zhang Anqi LUO Shengjun WU Yang LIU Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources&Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Aquatic Eco Health Group Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthInstitute of Urban EnvironmentFujian Key Laboratory of Watershed EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China

The urban water system theory is an extension of the basin water system science on an urban scale, providing a new systematic solution for the unbalanced human-water relationship and severe water challenges, such as waterlogging, black and odorous water, and ecological degradation caused by urbanization. Most existing studies on urban water systems have focused on individual water cycle processes linked with water supply and sewage treatment plants, but mutual feedback between the water cycle and its associated material circulation and water ecology, as well as human processes, still needs further exploration. In this paper, the concept, theory, and technical methodology of the urban water system were developed based on the water cycle and basin water system science. The Urban Water System 5.0(UWS 5.0) model was developed by integrating the Time Variant Gain rainfall-runoff Model with Urban water system(TVGM_Urban) in different underlying surface conditions for analyzing the natural-social water cycle processes and their associated water environmental and ecological processes and the influence of multiscale sponge measures. Herein, five major simulation functions were realized: rainfall-runoff-nonpoint source pollutant load,water and pollutant transportations through the drainage network system, terminal regulation and purification, socioeconomic water cycle, and water system assessment and regulation. The location for the case study used in this paper was Wuhan City. The findings showed that the entire urban water system should consider the built-up area and its associated rivers and lakes as the research object and explore the integrations among the urban natural-social water cycle and river regulations inside and outside of the city as well as the effects of socioeconomic development and sponge measures on the water quantity-quality-ecology processes. The UWS 5.0 model efficiently simulated the urban rainfall-runoff process, total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphoru

关键词： Urban water system Human-water relationship Water issue Green development Theoretical basis Mathematical model

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Uncertainty analysis for integrated water system simulations using GLUE with different acceptability thresholds

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第8期64卷 1791-1804页

作者： zhang yongyong XIA Jun SHAO QuanXi LI Lu YEN Haw ZHAI XiaoYan ZHAO TongTieGang LIN KaiRong Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China CSIRO Data 61 WembleyWestern Australia6913Australia Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research NORCE Norwegian Research CentreBergen5007Norway Blackland Research and Extension Center Texas A&M UniversityTempleTexas76502USA China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing100038China Department of Water Resources and Environment Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China

Integrated water quantity and quality simulations have become a popular tool in investigations on global water *** integrated and complex models,conventional uncertainty estimations focus on the uncertainties of individual modules,e.g.,module parameters and structures,and do not consider the uncertainties propagated from interconnected ***,this study investigated all the uncertainties of integrated water system simulations using the GLUE(i.e.,generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation)method,including uncertainties associated with individual modules,propagated uncertainties associated with interconnected modules,and their *** changes in both acceptability thresholds of GLUE and the uncertainty estimation results were also investigated for different fixed percentages of total number of iterations(100000).Water quantity and quality variables(i.e.,runoff and ammonium nitrogen)were selected for the case *** results showed that module uncertainty did not affect the runoff simulation performance,but remarkably weakened the water quality responses as the fixed percentage increased during calibration and validation *** propagated uncertainty from hydrological modules could not be ignored for water quality simulations,particularly during *** combination of module and propagated uncertainties further weakened the water quality simulation *** uncertainty intervals became wider owing to an increase in the fixed percentages and introduction of more uncertainty ***,the acceptability threshold had a negative nonlinear relationship with the fixed *** fixed percentages(20.0%-30.0%)were proposed as the acceptability thresholds owing to the satisfactory simulation performance and noticeably reduced uncertainty intervals they *** study provided methodological foundations for estimating multiple uncertainty sources of integrated water system models.

关键词： module uncertainty propagated uncertainty uncertainty combination integrated water system simulations GLUE

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Sheep manure application increases soil exchangeable base cations in a semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第3期7卷 361-369页

作者： YuGe zhang Shan YANG MingMing FU JiangPing CAI yongyong zhang RuZhen WANG ZhuWen XU YongFei BAI Yong JIANG State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-remediation College of EnvironmentShenyang University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

The long-term productivity of a soil is greatly influenced by cation exchange capacity（CEC）.Moreover,interactions between dominant base cations and other nutrients are important for the health and stability of grassland *** exchangeable base cations and cation ratios were examined in a 11-year experiment with sheep manure application rates 0–1,500 g/（m2？a） in a semi-arid steppe in Inner Mongolia of China,aiming to clarify the relationships of base cations with soil p H,buffer capacity and *** showed that CEC and contents of exchangeable calcium（Ca2＋）,magnesium（Mg2＋）,potassium（K＋） and sodium（Na＋） were significantly increased,and Ca2＋ saturation tended to decrease,while K＋ saturation tended to increase with the increases of sheep manure application *** Ca2＋/Mg2＋ and Ca2＋/K＋ ratios decreased,while Mg2＋,K＋ and Na＋ saturations increased with increasing manure application *** base cations and CEC were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon（SOC） and soil p *** increases of SOC and soil p H would be the dominant factors that contribute to the increase of cations in *** a comparison with the initial soil p H before the experiment,we deduced that sheep manure application could partly buffer soil p H decrease potentially induced by atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and *** results indicate that sheep manure application is beneficial to the maintenance of base cations and the buffering of soil acidification,and therefore can improve soil fertility in the semi-arid steppes of northeastern China.

关键词： base cation sheep manure soil p H soil fertility buffer capacity grassland conservation

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