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The gasdermin family:emerging therapeutic targets in diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1905-1937页

作者： Chenglong Zhu sheng Xu Ruoyu Jiang yizhi Yu Jinjun Bian Zui Zou Faculty of Anesthesiology Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Anesthesiology Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China National Key Laboratory of Immunity&Inflammation Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China d 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Basic Medical SciencesNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China

The gasdermin(GSDM)family has garnered significant attention for its pivotal role in immunity and disease as a key player in pyroptosis.This recently characterized class of pore-forming effector proteins is pivotal in orchestrating processes such as membrane permeabilization,pyroptosis,and the follow-up inflammatory response,which are crucial self-defense mechanisms against irritants and infections.GSDMs have been implicated in a range of diseases including,but not limited to,sepsis,viral infections,and cancer,either through involvement in pyroptosis or independently of this process.The regulation of GSDM-mediated pyroptosis is gaining recognition as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various diseases.Current strategies for inhibiting GSDMD primarily involve binding to GSDMD,blocking GSDMD cleavage or inhibiting GSDMD-N-terminal(NT)oligomerization,albeit with some off-target effects.In this review,we delve into the cutting-edge understanding of the interplay between GSDMs and pyroptosis,elucidate the activation mechanisms of GSDMs,explore their associations with a range of diseases,and discuss recent advancements and potential strategies for developing GSDMD inhibitors.

关键词： diseases therapeutic immunity

黏土矿物-微生物相互作用机理以及在环境领域中的应用

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地学前缘 2024年第1期31卷 467-485页

作者：董海良曾强刘邓盛益之刘晓磊刘源胡景龙李扬夏庆银李润洁胡大福张冬磊张文慧郭东毅张晓文中国地质大学(北京)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室地质微生物与生物地球化学研究中心北京100083 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院北京100083 中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院湖北武汉430074 中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院北京100083 核工业北京化工冶金研究院北京101149 中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院北京100083

黏土矿物与微生物在自然环境中广泛共存。二者之间的相互作用影响着环境中的能量流动与元素循环。黏土矿物能够给微生物提供物理或化学保护,提高微生物对外界胁迫和干扰的抵抗能力。黏土矿物同时还能给微生物提供营养元素,促进其新陈代... 详细信息

黏土矿物与微生物在自然环境中广泛共存。二者之间的相互作用影响着环境中的能量流动与元素循环。黏土矿物能够给微生物提供物理或化学保护,提高微生物对外界胁迫和干扰的抵抗能力。黏土矿物同时还能给微生物提供营养元素,促进其新陈代谢过程。黏土矿物中的结构铁是微生物铁氧化还原循环的重要电子供/受体。在氧化还原的环境中,多种铁还原/铁氧化细菌可以通过还原氧化黏土矿物中的结构Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ),进而获得能量进行生长。在氧化还原过程中,微生物也可以通过溶解、转化、沉淀等作用改变黏土矿物的晶格结构及物相,或是产生新的次生矿物。黏土矿物-微生物相互作用在碳、氮、硅、磷等重要生命元素的地球化学循环中扮演着重要角色。黏土矿物可以通过吸附有机碳,降低有机碳的生物可利用性,减缓其矿化速率。在氧化还原波动的环境中,黏土矿物还可以通过活化分子氧,产生强氧化性自由基氧化降解有机质,提高其生物可利用性。黏土矿物还会吸附生物胞外酶,影响胞外酶降解有机质的效率。微生物通过耦合黏土矿物中铁氧化与硝酸盐还原,铁还原与氨氧化等过程影响氮循环。黏土矿物对磷的吸附以及风化过程中硅的释放影响着微生物的代谢活性。黏土矿物-微生物相互作用在重金属固化稳定、有机污染物降解、杀死病原菌等方面也有广泛的应用。

关键词：黏土矿物微生物相互作用元素循环能量电子传递氧化还原环境治理

Advantages of nanocarriers for basic research in the field of traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 237-245页

作者： Xingshuang Song yizhi Zhang Ziyan Tang Lina Du School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanShandong ProvinceChina Department of Pharmaceutics Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina

A major challenge for the efficient treatment of traumatic brain injury is the need for therapeutic molecules to cross the blood-brain barrier to enter and accumulate in brain tissue.To overcome this problem,researchers have begun to focus on nanocarriers and other brain-targeting drug delivery systems.In this review,we summarize the epidemiology,basic pathophysiology,current clinical treatment,the establishment of models,and the evaluation indicators that are commonly used for traumatic brain injury.We also report the current status of traumatic brain injury when treated with nanocarriers such as liposomes and vesicles.Nanocarriers can overcome a variety of key biological barriers,improve drug bioavailability,increase intracellular penetration and retention time,achieve drug enrichment,control drug release,and achieve brain-targeting drug delivery.However,the application of nanocarriers remains in the basic research stage and has yet to be fully translated to the clinic.

关键词： blood-brain barriers brain targeting central nervous system extracellular vesicles inflammatory factor microglial cell nanocarriers nanoparticles neural restoration traumatic brain injury

Free-moving-state microscopic imaging of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics with a photoacoustic fiberscope

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 33-46页

作者： Xiaoxuan Zhong yizhi Liang Xiaoyu Wang Haoying Lan Xue Bai Long Jin Bai-Ou Guan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China

We report the development of a head-mounted photoacoustic fiberscope for cerebral imaging in a freely behaving mouse.The 4.5-gram imaging probe has a 9-µm lateral resolution and 0.2-Hz frame rate over a 1.2-mm wide area.The probe can continuously monitor cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic responses at single-vessel resolution,showing significantly different cerebrovascular responses to external stimuli under anesthesia and in the freely moving state.For example,when subjected to high-concentration CO_(2) respiration,enhanced oxygenation to compensate for hypercapnia can be visualized due to cerebral regulation in the freely moving state.Comparative studies exhibit significantly weakened compensation capabilities in obese rodents.This new imaging modality can be used for investigating both normal and pathological cerebrovascular functions and shows great promise for studying cerebral activity,disorders and their treatments.

关键词： cerebral anesthesia moving

Drag reduction characteristics of recirculation flow at rocket base in an RBCC engine under ramjet/scramjet mode

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 104-115页

作者： Menglei LI Mingbo SUN Peibo LI Daoning YANG Bin AN yizhi YAO Jikai CHEN Taiyu WANG Jiaoru WANG Hypersonic Technology Laboratory National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Department of Aerospace Science and Technology Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101416China

To reduce the drag generated by the recirculation flow at the rocket base in a RocketBased Combined Cycle(RBCC)engine operating in the ramjet/scramjet mode,a novel annular rocket RBCC engine based on a central plug cone was proposed.The performance loss mechanism caused by the recirculation flow at the rocket base and the influence of the plug cone configuration on the thrust performance were studied.Results indicated that the recirculation flow at the rocket base extended through the entire combustor,which creates an extensive range of the"low-kineticenergy zone"at the center and leads to an engine thrust loss.The plug cone serving as a surface structure had a restrictive effect on the internal flow of the engine,making it smoothly transit at the position of the large separation zone.The model RBCC engine could achieve a maximum thrust augmentation of 37.6%with a long plug cone that was twice diameter of the inner isolator.However,a shorter plug cone that was half diameter of the inner isolator proved less effective at reducing the recirculation flow for a supersonic flow and induced an undesirable flow fraction that diminished the thrust performance.Furthermore,the effectiveness of the plug cone increased with the flight Mach number,indicating that it could further broaden the operating speed range of the scramjet mode.

关键词： Rocket-based combined cycle Ramjet/scramjet mode Plug cone Drag reduction k-x SST turbulent model

Antibody Levels and Infection Status of Pertussis in the Population under Pertussis Resurgence in Guangxi in 2018:A Cross-Sectional Survey

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期37卷 628-638页

作者： Liang Liang Qiuyun Deng Lili Deng Jinghang Wei Shiyi Chen yizhi Wei Yuyan Ma Yue Qin and Wei Liu Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanning 530028GuangxiChina

Objective Pertussis cases have increased markedly since 2018 in Guangxi.The aim of this study was to evaluate antibody levels and the infection status of pertussis in the resident population.Method A total of 10,215 serum samples from residents were collected from August-November 2018 and tested for anti-pertussis IgG and toxin IgG using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Of the collected samples,1,833(17.94%)tested positive for anti-pertussis IgG,with the median concentration of 16.06 IU/mL.Antibody level<10 IU/mL accounted for more than 60%in children under 4 years of age,but declined with age,whereas the percentages of the other three levels(10-40,40-50,and≥50 IU/mL)increased almost with age(P<0.001).Moreover,7,924 samples were selected for anti-pertussis toxin IgG,of which 653(8.24%)tested positive(≥40 IU/mL)with the median concentration of 5.89 IU/mL,and 204 participants(2.56%)had recent pertussis infection(≥100 IU/mL).Among the different age groups,the highest rates of positivity and recent infection were observed at 11-20 years of age,the lowest positivity rate at 5 years of age,and the lowest recent infection rate at 4 years of age(P<0.001,P=0.005,respectively).Conclusion The survey results showed that all age groups in Guangxi lacked immunity against pertussis,which was one of the main factors contributing to the resurgence of pertussis in 2018.In addition,the prevalence of pertussis is relatively high in Guangxi,and its incidence is seriously underestimated,especially in adolescents and adults.

关键词： Pertussis resurgence Anti-pertussis IgG Anti-pertussis toxin IgG Antibody level Infection status

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基于DM642的交通参数检测仪设计

微计算机信息 2007年第3S期23卷 146-148页

作者：于洁盛翊智武汉华中科技大学湖北430074

本文介绍了一种应用于交通参数检测的视频监控系统。系统采用TI公司的媒体处理器TMS320DM642作为主控CPU,配以视频解码芯片SA7115、以太网接口芯片LXT971A,构成交通参数检测仪,完成各种交通参数的采集,以及道路现场视频数据的远程获取... 详细信息

本文介绍了一种应用于交通参数检测的视频监控系统。系统采用TI公司的媒体处理器TMS320DM642作为主控CPU,配以视频解码芯片SA7115、以太网接口芯片LXT971A,构成交通参数检测仪,完成各种交通参数的采集,以及道路现场视频数据的远程获取。文章介绍了DM642的体系结构,给出了系统实现的硬件方案。最后论述了DSP系统的软件开发平台,并介绍了监控程序的总体框架。

关键词：视频检测 TMS320DM642 交通参数检测