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Unified casting(UniCast)aluminum alloy—a sustainable and low-carbon materials solution for vehicle lightweighting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第23期154卷 251-268页

作者： Hongyi Zhan Guang Zeng Qigui Wang Congjie Wang Pan Wang Zhou Wang yiwu xu Devin Hess Paul Crepeau Jianfeng Wang China Science Lab General Motors Global Research & Development Shanghai 201206 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China Advanced Materials Technology Global Technical Center General Motors Company Warren MI 48093 USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China General Motors (China) Investment Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201206 China

Casting aluminum(Al)alloys have been widely used in the automotive industry to improve fuel economy as well as to reduce greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in the vehicle use phase.However,the casting Al alloys used for load-bearing body and chassis components today are mostly made from primary Al with a low impurity Fe content typically less than 0.2 wt.%,owing to the requirements for high ductility and adequate fatigue strength.Primary Al is made directly from alumina which was refined from aluminum ore(bauxite),using an electrolytic process which consumes a lot of energy and produces GHG emissions that are much higher than those from steel making.The objective of this paper is to present a Unified Casting(UniCast)Al alloy concept as a sustainable materials solution for vehicle lightweighting.The UniCast alloy chemistry is intentionally designed to be more tolerant of Fe impurity.This chemistry can not only satisfy the requirements on castability,but also deliver mechanical properties needed for a variety of thin-walled and thick-walled automotive structural components that are produced by various casting processes.The UniCast alloy concept will contribute to the establishment of a closed-loop recycling system in the future as the shredded scrap obtained from the disposed end-of-life vehicles can be directly recycled back into UniCast alloy ingot with a more efficient sorting process.In addition,by setting the upper limit of Fe content in the UniCast alloy to a higher level,it will become possible to use a high fraction of post-consumer scraps to produce this alloy.To demonstrate the feasibility of this concept,an exemplary UniCast alloy chemistry has been elaborated in this article.Furthermore,challenges and future research opportunities related to the realization of UniCast alloy concept in the automotive industry are discussed.It is hoped that this article will be of great implication to industrial researchers and academicians for making concerted efforts to establish closed-loop recycling of Al castings for the a

关键词： Recycled aluminum Closed-loop recycling Automotive application Casting Mechanical properties Unicast al alloy

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4种入侵性雀麦属种子的形态鉴定

生物安全学报（中英文） 2024年第2期33卷 148-153页

作者：徐瑛赵雷张吉红虞赟方亦午宁波海关技术中心浙江宁波315192 宁波检验检疫科学技术研究院浙江宁波315192 福州海关技术中心福建福州350001

【目的】不实雀麦、硬雀麦、双雄雀麦和旱雀麦因具危害性已被公认为入侵性杂草,其种子(小花)常随进境农产品进入中国,由于外观形态较为接近易引起混肴,需对其进行进一步研究并建立鉴定方法。【方法】使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对4种雀麦... 详细信息

【目的】不实雀麦、硬雀麦、双雄雀麦和旱雀麦因具危害性已被公认为入侵性杂草,其种子(小花)常随进境农产品进入中国,由于外观形态较为接近易引起混肴,需对其进行进一步研究并建立鉴定方法。【方法】使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对4种雀麦小花的小穗轴、基盘、内稃、外稃等外部结构进行形态学观察和比对。【结果】不实雀麦外稃脉纹呈脊状排列;旱雀麦内稃脊具长毛被,小穗轴疤痕面明显塌陷;硬雀麦小穗轴和基盘疤痕明显拉长等宏观特征可用于种间区别。在微形态方面可通过内外稃冠细胞分布密度进行区别。【结论】结合宏观和微形态特征的鉴定方法可用于4种雀麦属杂草种子的快速识别。

关键词：雀麦属入侵种小花鉴定

Chinese Society of Cardiology guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of adult fulminant myocarditis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 913-939页

作者： Chinese Society of Cardiology,Chinese Medical Association,Writing Group Jiangang Jiang Hongyang Shu Dao Wen Wang Rutai Hui Chenze Li Xiao Ran Hong Wang Jing Zhang Shaoping Nie Guanglin Cui Dingcheng Xiang Qun Shao Shengyong xu Discussion experts:Ning Zhou Yuming Li Wei Gao Yuguo Chen Yuan Bian Guoping Wang Liming Xia Yan Wang Chunxia Zhao Zhiren Zhang Yuhua Zhao Jianan Wang Shaoliang Chen Hong Jiang Jing Chen Xianjin Du Mao Chen Yinxian Sun Sheng Li Hu Ding xueping Ma Hesong Zeng Li Lin Shenghua Zhou Likun Ma Ling Tao Juan Chen yiwu Zhou Xiaomei Guo 不详 Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100037China Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430062China Fuwai Huazhong Cardiovascular Hospital Zhengzhou 450003China Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command Guangzhou 510010China Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital Harbin 150081China Union Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Taida Hospital Tianjin 300457China Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191China Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012China Kanghua Hospital DongguanGuangzhou 523080China Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003China Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210006China Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060Wuhan West China Hospital Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610044China First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110002China General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan 750003China The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangsha 410012China The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230002China The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University Xi’an 710032China Central Hospital of Wuhan City Wuhan 430014China Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Fulminant myocarditis is an acute diffuse inflammatory disease of myocardium.It is characterized by acute onset,rapid progress and high risk of death.Its pathogenesis involves excessive immune activation of the innate immune system and formation of inflammatory storm.According to China’s practical experience,the adoption of the“life support-based comprehensive treatment regimen”(with mechanical circulation support and immunomodulation therapy as the core)can significantly improve the survival rate and long-term prognosis.Special emphasis is placed on very early identification,very early diagnosis,very early prediction and very early treatment.

关键词： fulminant myocarditis guidelines life support-based comprehensive treatment regimen diagnosis treatment cytokine storm overactivation of immunity

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韶关市典型香芋产区土壤养分状况及肥力评价

华南农业大学学报 2024年第3期45卷 344-353页

作者：崔罗肖刘娅赵兰凤张新明许一武谢健任宗玲华南农业大学资源环境学院广东广州510642 广东天禾农资股份有限公司广东广州510080 广西壮族自治区南宁市宾阳县黎塘镇农业综合服务中心广西南宁530409

【目的】了解广东省韶关市典型香芋产区的土壤肥力情况,以期为香芋产区土壤养分资源管理提供参考依据。【方法】分别于韶关市的3个香芋种植区(桂头镇老均村,廊田镇官坡滩村、农庄村)采集0~30 cm香芋根际土壤样品,测定土壤理化性质,通过... 详细信息

【目的】了解广东省韶关市典型香芋产区的土壤肥力情况,以期为香芋产区土壤养分资源管理提供参考依据。【方法】分别于韶关市的3个香芋种植区(桂头镇老均村,廊田镇官坡滩村、农庄村)采集0~30 cm香芋根际土壤样品,测定土壤理化性质,通过主成分分析和相关性分析,筛选出最能代表当地土壤肥力的指标进入最小数据集,通过隶属度函数对所有的指标进行归一化处理,计算土壤质量指数并评价土壤肥力。【结果】3个香芋产区土壤均呈酸性;容重为1.17 g·cm^(−3),质地适宜;阳离子交换量(Cation exchange capacity,CEC)为9.17 cmol·kg^(−1),处于较低水平;速效P(54.20 mg·kg^(−1))、有效Cu(2.07 mg·kg^(−1))、有效Fe(186.33 mg·kg^(−1))、有效Zn(1.87 mg·kg^(−1))丰富,有效Mn(4.21 mg·kg^(−1))、有效B(0.12 mg·kg^(−1))、有效Mo(0.10 mg·kg^(−1))缺乏或极缺乏,其他养分含量处于中等及以上水平。3个香芋产区土壤粒级占比、碱解N、交换性Ca及交换性Mg含量差异显著,其他指标差异均不显著。从20个指标中筛选出7个指标构成土壤质量评价的最小数据集,分别为碱解N、砂粒、黏粒、交换性Ca、有效B和有效Fe含量以及CEC。评价结果表明,3个香芋产区的土壤肥力均处于中等水平,其中,碱解N和交换性Ca含量为肥力水平的主要限制因子。【结论】韶关市典型香芋产区的土壤肥力水平整体处于中等水平,土壤保肥能力较差,有效Mn、B、Mo等微量元素缺乏。因此,在香芋种植时,要注重有机肥以及微量元素肥料的施用,平衡施肥,改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤保肥能力。

关键词：香芋产区养分水平最小数据集土壤肥力评价

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供肝脂肪变性治疗策略研究进展

中外医疗 2024年第11期43卷 195-198页

作者：胡旭钟艺武李建辉浙江中医药大学研究生院浙江杭州310053 树兰(杭州)医院肝胆胰外科浙江杭州310010

脂肪变性供肝是一种常见的边缘性供肝,相比于正常肝脏,脂肪变性供肝更容易受到冷缺血损伤,导致术后相应并发症增多,如何提高脂肪变性供肝的使用率和安全性是至关重要的。活体肝移植允许供体在术前一定时间内进行脂肪肝的减脂,包括运动... 详细信息

脂肪变性供肝是一种常见的边缘性供肝,相比于正常肝脏,脂肪变性供肝更容易受到冷缺血损伤,导致术后相应并发症增多,如何提高脂肪变性供肝的使用率和安全性是至关重要的。活体肝移植允许供体在术前一定时间内进行脂肪肝的减脂,包括运动、控制饮食、药物降脂等方式,是最常见的供肝减脂策略之一,近年来,有关脂肪变性供肝体外减脂的研究也有较多报道,尤其结合机械灌注平台减脂似乎是可靠的方法,本文综述了肝移植中脂肪变性供肝治疗策略的研究进展。

关键词：肝移植脂肪变性器官功能维护机械灌注

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Comparative transcriptome analysis between rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis)

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 299-310页

作者： Yu-Xiang Mao Yamei Li Zikun Yang Ning xu Shilong Zhang xuankai Wang Xiangyu Yang Qiang Sun Yafei Mao Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science&Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai 201210China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution&Animal Models Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Bio-X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Zhiyuan College Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Center for Genomic Research International Institutes of MedicineFourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityYiwuZhejiang 322000China

Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different phenotypes. To date, however, large-scale comparative transcriptome research between these two species has not yet been fully explored. Here, we conducted systematic comparisons utilizing newly sequenced RNA-seq data from84 samples(41 MFA samples and 43 MMU samples)encompassing 14 common tissues. Our findings revealed a small fraction of genes(3.7%) with differential expression between the two species, as well as 36.5% of genes with tissue-specific expression in both macaques. Comparison of gene expression between macaques and humans indicated that 22.6% of orthologous genes displayed differential expression in at least two tissues. Moreover,19.41% of genes that overlapped with macaque-specific structural variants showed differential expression between humans and macaques. Of these, the FAM220A gene exhibited elevated expression in humans compared to macaques due to lineage-specific duplication. In summary,this study presents a large-scale transcriptomic comparison between MMU and MFA and between macaques and humans. The discovery of gene expression variations not only enhances the biomedical utility of macaque models but also contributes to the wider field of primate genomics.

关键词： Crab-eating macaques Rhesus macaques Comparative transcriptomics Biomedical models Nonhuman primates RNA-seq Duplicated genes

Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection of human normal hepatocytes

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1199-1208页

作者： Xinyi Yang xu Zheng Yuqi Zhu Xiaying Zhao Jun Liu Jiangna xun Songhua Yuan Jun Chen Hanyu Pan Jinlong Yang Jing Wang Zhimin Liang Xiaoting Shen Yue Liang Qinru Lin Huitong Liang Min Li Fei Peng Daru Lu Jianqing xu Hongzhou Lu Shibo Jiang Ping Zhao Huanzhang Zhu State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology Ministry of EducationInstitute of GeneticsSchool of Life SciencesYiwu Research InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Microbiology Faculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Scientific Research Center Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Changzheng Hospital Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology(MOE/NHC/CAMS) Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesThe Third People’s Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)causes multi-organ damage,which includes hepatic dysfunction,as observed in over 50%of COVID-19 patients.Angiotensin I converting enzyme(peptidyl-dipeptidase A)2(ACE2)is the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells,and studies have shown the presence of intracellular virus particles in human hepatocytes that express ACE2,but at extremely low levels.Consequently,we asked if hepatocytes might express receptors other than ACE2 capable of promoting the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells.To address this question,we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 activation library screening and found that Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1(ASGR1)promoted SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection of HeLa cells.In Huh-7 cells,simultaneous knockout of ACE2 and ASGR1 prevented SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection.In the immortalized THLE-2 hepatocyte cell line and primary hepatic parenchymal cells,both of which barely expressed ACE2,SARSCoV-2 pseudovirus could successfully establish an infection.However,after treatment with ASGR1 antibody or siRNA targeting ASGR1,the infection rate significantly dropped,suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infects hepatic parenchymal cells mainly through an ASGR1-dependent mechanism.We confirmed that ASGR1 could interact with Spike protein,which depends on receptor binding domain(RBD)and N-terminal domain(NTD).Finally,we also used Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to verify that SARS-CoV-2 could infect primary hepatic parenchymal cells.After inhibiting ASGR1 in primary hepatic parenchymal cells by siRNA,the infection efficiency of the live virus decreased significantly.Collectively,these findings indicate that ASGR1 is a candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 that promotes infection of hepatic parenchymal cells.

关键词： ACE2 infection glycoprotein

Chinese Society of Cardiology guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of adult fulminant myocarditis

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Jiangang Jiang Hongyang Shu Dao Wen Wang Rutai Hui Chenze Li Xiao Ran Hong Wang Jing Zhang Shaoping Nie Guanglin Cui Dingcheng Xiang Qun Shao Shengyong xu Ning Zhou Yuming Li Wei Gao Yuguo Chen Yuan Bian Guoping Wang Liming Xia Yan Wang Chunxia Zhao Zhiren Zhang Yuhua Zhao Jianan Wang Shaoliang Chen Hong Jiang Jing Chen Xianjin Du Mao Chen Yinxian Sun Sheng Li Hu Ding xueping Ma Hesong Zeng Li Lin Shenghua Zhou Likun Ma Ling Tao Juan Chen yiwu Zhou Xiaomei Guo Peking University Third Hospital Qilu Hospital of Shandong University The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University First Hospital of China Medical University General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC University of Science and Technology of China Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Chinese Medical Association Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital Union Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Central Hospital of Wuhan City Taida Hospital Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command West China Hospital Sichuan University Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University Chinese Society of Cardiology Kanghua Hospital Dongguan Fuwai Huazhong Cardiovascular Hospital Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Fulminant myocarditis is an acute diffuse inflammatory disease of myocardium. It is characterized by acute onset, rapid progress and high risk of death. Its pathogenesis involves excessive immune activation of the innate immune system and formation of inflammatory storm.According to China’s practical experience, the adoption of the “life support-based comprehensive treatment regimen”(with mechanical circulation support and immunomodulation therapy as the core) can significantly improve the survival rate and long-term prognosis. Special emphasis is placed on very early identification,very early diagnosis,very early prediction and very early treatment.

关键词：

2203号台风“暹芭”的路径预报偏差及思考

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海洋气象学报 2024年第1期44卷 97-107页

作者：郭乙莹周冠博黄奕武吕心艳王皘张进许映龙国家气象中心北京100081 中国气象局上海台风研究所上海200030 中国气象局地球系统数值预报中心北京100081

针对2022年第3号台风“暹芭”的主要特点和预报难点问题进行分析和研究,得出如下主要结论:“暹芭”是2022年首个登陆我国的台风,在华南登陆减弱后,其残余环流继续北上,与西风带系统共同影响我国华中、华东、华北及东北等地的部分地区;... 详细信息

针对2022年第3号台风“暹芭”的主要特点和预报难点问题进行分析和研究,得出如下主要结论:“暹芭”是2022年首个登陆我国的台风,在华南登陆减弱后,其残余环流继续北上,与西风带系统共同影响我国华中、华东、华北及东北等地的部分地区;累计雨量大、风雨强度强;台风外围出现多个龙卷。主要的预报难点问题有:弱台风准确定位问题表现突出,引进新的卫星产品有助于提高定位精度;72 h路径预报的偏差问题主要是由于模式对东台风、大陆高压和南压高压、西风急流等关键系统的预报偏差引起;台风登陆后北上长时间维持(含减弱后的残涡)的预报问题需关注持续的水汽通道和高层出流条件变化。

关键词：台风“暹芭” 路径调整预报难点弱台风定位长时间维持