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全国第8届天然药物资源学术研讨会

作者： Sai-wang Seto yiu-wa kwan Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi("huang qin"),Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.("chuang xiong"),Panax notoginseng(Burk.)***("san qi"),Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Jackson,("gou teng"),Rhokiola rosea L.("hong jing tian")and Stephania tetrandra ***("fang ji")are commonly used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for hypertensive *** pharmacologically active compounds found in these TCMs are:baicalin,ligustrazine, notoginsenoside R rhynchophylline,salidroside and tetrandrine,respectively,which possess anti-hypertensive properties with diverse cellular *** this study,we attempted to evaluate a possible correlation of the anti-oxidative activities(using the cell-free DPPH assay)and the vaso-relaxation effects(using rat isolated thoracic aorta)of these *** the anti-oxidative study,a relative order of free radical scavenging capacity(SR%)of:baicalin≥tetradrine >>salidroside≥ligustrazine≥rhynchophylline≈notoginsenoside R was *** the vaso-relaxing study,a relative order of the maximum relaxation response(at 3 mM)of:tetradrine>baicalin>>ligustrazine>notoginsenoside R≈rhynchophylline>salidroside was recorded.A positive correlation(R=0.7741)between the anti-oxidative activity and the vascular relaxation effect of the compounds evaluated was *** contrast,ascorbic acid only elicited a free radical scavenging activity with no apparent relaxation effect;whereas nifedipine(a Cachannel blocker)caused a marked vascular relaxation with no obvious free radical scavenging ***,our results suggest,for the first time,that the therapeutic effect(***-hypertensive)of these TCM-oriented drugs,unlike the Western medicine,are probably correlated with the unique anti-oxidative potential of these compounds.

关键词： Vaso-relaxation anti-hypertensive anti-oxidative activity traditional Chinese medicine

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Metallosis with spinal implant loosening after spinal instrumentation:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第8期14卷 651-661页

作者： yiu Hin kwan Hong Lee Terry Teo Shree Kumar Dinesh Wee Lim Loo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Changi General HospitalSingapore 529889Singapore

BACKGROUND Spinal metallosis is a rare complication following spinal instrumentation whereby an inflammatory response to the metal implants results in the development of granulomatous *** SUMMARY We describe the case of a 78-year-old woman who had recurrence of back pain 5 years after lumbar spine posterior decompression and instrumented *** spine radiographs showed hardware loosening and magnetic resonance imaging showed adjacent segment *** surgery revealed evidence of metallosis *** Spinal metallosis can present several years after *** and computed tomography may demonstrate hardware loosening secondary to *** metal concentrations associated with spinal metallosis have yet to be ***,metallosis is still an intraoperative and histopathological *** presence of metallosis after spinal instrumentation likely indicates a more complex underlying problem:Pseudarthrosis,failure to address sagittal balance,infection,and cross-threading of set ***,identifying metallosis is important,but initiating treatment promptly for symptomatic implant loosening is of greater paramount.

关键词： Metallosis Spine Instrumentation Implant loosening Corrosion Case report

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Learning of medical pharmacology via innovation:a personal experience at McMaster and in Asia

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第9期25卷 84-92页

作者： Chiu-yin kwan Canada Department of Medicine HSC-4N40 Faculty of Health Sciences Hamilton L8N 3Z5 McMaster University Ontario

Pharmacology in the traditional medical curriculum has been treated as a discrete "preclinical" discipline identifying itself distinctly different from the other preclinical sciences or clinical subjects in knowledge base as well as learning/teaching instructions. It is usually run in series with other pre-clinical courses (eg, anatomy, biochemistry, physiology etc), but in parallel with other paraclinical courses such as pathology, microbiology and community medicine. Clinical pharmacology was only introduced relatively recently designed to overcome the perceived deficiency in "preclinical" pharmacology regarding its therapeutic relevance and application to medicine. In many universities, both preclinical and clinical pharmacology courses co-exist, usually independently offered by two separate, sometimes non-interacting Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. In this model, pharmacology is generally taught in a teacher-centered, discipline-oriented, and knowledge-based curriculum. Further

关键词： problem-based learning pharmacology medical education self-directed learning small group tutorial

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Tetrandrine and related bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from medicinal herbs: cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of action

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 4-15页

作者： Chiu-Yin kwan Canada Department of Medicine Hamilton McMaster University Ontario

Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid purified and identified an active ingredient in a Chinese medicinal herb, Radix Stephanae tetrandrae, has been used traditionally for the treatment of congestive circulatory disorder and inflammatory diseases. TET, together with a few of its structural analogues, has long been demon-strated to have antihypertensive action in clinical as well as animal studies. Presumably, the primary anti-hyperten-sive action of TET is due to its vasodilatory properties. TET prevents or inhibits vascular contraction induced by membrane depolarization with KC1 or α-adrenoceptor activation with phenylephrine (PE). TET (30 μmol/L) also inhibits the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) as well as NO production by inducible NO synthase. TET apparently inhibits multiple Ca2+ entry pathways as demonstrated in cell types lacking the L-type Ca2+ channels. In cardiac muscle cells, TET inhibits both L- and T-type Ca2+ channels. In addition to its actions on cardiov

关键词： alkaloids tetrandrine calcium channel blockers alpha adrenergic receptors vasodilator agents anti-inflammatory agents antihypertensive agents Chinese traditional medicine isoquinoline

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Reversing the negative effects of co-inhaled manganese and iron on dopamine levels and prolactin production in the rat hypothalamus-pituitary axis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第7期5卷 525-530页

作者： Chae kwan Lee Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department of Occupational & Environmental MedicineBusan Paik HospitalInje University

BACKGROUND： Manganese （Mn） and iron （Fe） are the primary elements of welding rods. Mn has been shown to increase prolactin （PRL） production by decreasing dopamine （DA） levels in the hypothalamus. However, Fe increases DA levels and decreases PRL levels. The toxic mechanism of Mn and Fe co-inhalation-induced regulation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-pituitary axis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effects of co-inhaled Mn and Fe on hypothalamic DA levels and pituitary PRL production, to investigate whether these changes are reversible, and to determine the role of co-inhaled Mn and Fe. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment based on inhalation toxicity via whole-body exposure was performed. Hypothalamic DA levels, serum PRL, and PRL and PiN mRNA levels were analyzed at the Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea, from August 2007 to May 2009. MATERIALS： MnSO4 and FeSO4 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） using an electrochemical detector （ECD） was purchased from waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA. mRNA Capture Kit and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） kit were obtained from Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany and Perkin-Elmer, Wellesley, MA, USA, respectively. Rat PRL enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was purchased from Biocode Hycel, Liege, Belgium. METHODS： Eighty 15-week-old, male, Fischer 344 rats were assigned to two groups： one group treated with Mn and Fe and a control group. Each group was sub-divided into four groups on the basis of treatment period （0- and 13-week treated groups with both chemicals） and recovery periods （4- and 13-week recovery groups following 13-week exposure to both chemicals）. The treatment condition was 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for the entire body. Mn and Fe co-inhalation concentrations were 1.5 mg/m3 and 3.0 mg/m3, respectively. MAIN OUT

关键词： dopamine hypothalamic-hypophyseal-pituitary axis iron manganese Pit-1 prolactin

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Prostate cancer detection upon transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy in relation to digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen level： what to expect in the Chinese population？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 821-825,I0010页

作者： Jeremy YC Teoh Steffi KK Yuen James HL Tsu Charles KW Wong Brian SH Ho Ada TL Ng wai-Kit Ma kwan-Lun Ho Ming-Kwong yiu Department of Surgery Division of Urology Queen Mary Hospital University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

We investigated the prostate cancer detection rates upon transrectal ultrasound （TRUS）-guided biopsy in relation to digital rectal examination （DRE） and prostate-specific antigen （PSA）, and risk factors of prostate cancer detection in the Chinese population. Data from all consecutive Chinese men who underwent first TRUS-guided prostate biopsy from year 2000 to 2013 was retrieved from our database. The prostate cancer detection rates with reference to DRE finding and PSA level of 〈 4, 4-10, 10.1-20, 20.1-50 and 〉 50 ng ml^-1 were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate for potential risk factors of prostate cancer detection. A total of 2606 Chinese men were included. In patients with normal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 8.6%, 13.4%, 21.8%, 41.7% and 85.2% in patients with PSA 〈 4, 4-10, 10.1-20, 20.1-50 and 〉 50 ng ml^-1 respectively. In patients with abnormal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 12.4%, 30.2%, 52.7%, 80.6% and 96.4% in patients with PSA 〈 4, 4-10, 10.1-20, 20.1-50 and 〉 50 ng m1-1 respectively. Older age, smaller prostate volume, larger number of biopsy cores, presence of abnormal DRE finding and higher PSA level were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer detection upon multivariate logistic regression analyses （P 〈 0.001）. Chinese men appeared to have lower prostate cancer detection rates when compared to the Western population. Taking the different risk factors into account, an individualized approach to the decision of TRUS-guided biopsy can be adopted.

关键词： Chinese digital rectal examination prostate biopsy prostate cancer prostate-specific antigen

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Clinical significance of hepatic derangement in severe acute respiratory syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第14期11卷 2148-2153页

作者： Henry Lik-Yuen Chan Ambrose Chi-Pong kwan Ka-Fai To Sik-To Lai Paul Kay-Sheung Chan wai-Keung Leung Nelson Lee Alan Wu Joseph Jao-yiu Sung Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina Department of Medicine Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong SARChina Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina Department of Microbiology Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina

AIM:Elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level is commonly seen among patients suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). We report the progression and clinical significance of liver derangement in a large cohort of SARS patient. METHODS: Serial assay of serum ALT was followed in patients who fulfilled the WHO criteria of SARS. Those with elevated ALT were compared with those with normal liver functions for clinical outcome. Serology for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was checked. Adverse outcomes were defined as oxygen desaturation, need of intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation and death. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety-four patients were included in this study. Seventy (24%) patients had elevated serum ALT on admission and 204 (69%) patients had elevated ALT during the subsequent course of illness. Using peak ALT >5xULN as a cut-off and after adjusting for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio of peak ALT >5x ULN for oxygen desaturation was 3.24 (95%CI 1.23-8.59, P= 0.018), ICU care was 3.70 (95%CI 1.38-9.89, P= 0.009), mechanical ventilation was 6.64 (95%CI 2.22-19.81, P = 0.001) and death was 7.34 (95%CI 2.28-24.89, P= 0.001). Ninety-three percent of the survived patients had ALT levels normalized or were on the improving trend during follow-up. Chronic hepatitis B was not associated with worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Reactive hepatitis is a common complication of SARS-coronavirus infection. Those patients with severe hepatitis had worse clinical outcome.

关键词： SARS Hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Coronavirus

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Cumulative Exposure to Natural Hazards and Mental Health in China: Are Older People More Vulnerable or More Resilient Than Younger and Middle-Aged Adults?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 277-289页

作者： Shuai Zhou Crystal kwan Department of Applied Social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Despite the well-documented impacts of single natural hazards like earthquakes, less is known about the psychological adaptation to multiple natural hazards, particularly in rural areas. This study investigated the associations of multiple natural hazards with depression among Chinese adults. Data were retrieved from the China Family Panel Studies conducted during 2010–2018. With a sample of 11,633 Chinese adults, multilevel logistic regression was employed to examine the relationships between natural hazard exposure and depression in the total sample and different age groups. Overall, experiencing four or more natural hazards was associated with a higher risk of being depressed. Regarding hazard type, the number of hydrometeorological and biological hazards was associated with a higher likelihood of depression, whereas the number of geologic and other hazards was related to a lower risk of depression. Middle-aged adults from villages were more likely to be affected by natural hazard exposure than older and younger adults. The findings of this study show that cumulative exposure to natural hazards can generate lasting effects on depressive symptoms, particularly in middle adulthood. The findings also suggest that older adults from rural areas may have accumulated more resilience to mitigate the adverse well-being effects of hazard events. Policies and interventions should enhance disaster awareness and preparation for aging residents from multi-hazard communities.

关键词： Age differences China Depressive symptoms Multi-hazard communities Natural hazard exposure

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The performance characteristics of prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density in Chinese men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第1期19卷 113-116页

作者： Jeremv YC Teoh Steffi KK Yuen James HL Tsu Charles KW Wong Brian SH Ho Ada TL Ng wai-Kit Ma kwan-Lun Ho Ming-Kwong yiu Division of Urology Department of Surgery Queen Mary Hospital University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

We investigated the performance characteristics of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） and PSA density （PSAD） in Chinese men. All Chinese men who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy （TRUS-PB） from year 2000 to 2013 were included. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves for both PSA and PSAD were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value （PPV） and negative predictive value （NPV） at different cut-off levels were calculated. A total of 2606 Chinese men were included. For the ROC, the area under curve was 0.770 for PSA （P〈 0.001） and 0.823 for PSAD （P〈 0.001）. PSA of 4.5 ng ml^-1 had sensitivity of 94.4%, specificity of 14.1%, PPV of 29.5%, and NPV of 86.9%; PSAD of 0.12 ng ml^-1cc^-1 had sensitivity of 94.5%, specificity of 26.6%, PPV of 32.8%, and NPV of 92.7%. On multivariate logistic regression analyses, PSA cut-off at 4.5 ng ml^-1 （OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.05-2.45, P = 0.029） and PSAD cut-off at 0.12 ng ml^-1 cc^-1 （OR 6.22, 95% CI 4.20-9.22, P 〈 0.001） were significant predictors for prostate cancer detection on TRUS-PB. In conclusion, the performances of PSA and PSAD at different cut-off levels in Chinese men were very different from those in Caucasians. PSA of 4.5 ng ml^-1 and PSAD of O. 12 ng ml^-1 cc^-1 had near 95% sensitivity and were significant predictors of prostate cancer detection in Chinese men.

关键词： Chinese prostate cancer transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy prostate-specific antigen prostate-specific antigen density

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Role of Leptin in Immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2007年第1期4卷 1-13页

作者： Queenie Lai kwan Lam Department of Pathology and Center of Infection and Immunology The University of Hong Kong

Leptin, a protein hormone produced by the adipocytes, has long been recognized to regulate metabolism, neuroendorine and other physiological functions. Early findings of increased leptin production during infection and inflammation and dysregulated immune response in leptin signaling-deficient mice provide strong evidence for the involvement of leptin in the immune responses. Recent data have established the regulatory function for leptin in immunity similar to the function of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, while gene-targeting studies also demonstrated an essential role of leptin in regulating hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Moreover, there has been increasing evidence that leptin is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the role of leptin in immunity and leptin-signaling pathways involved in modulating immune homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2007;4（1）：1-13.

关键词： leptin leptin signaling pro-inflammatory cytokine immune response autoimmune disease

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