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Neutrinos,supernovae,and the origin of the heavy elements

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2018年第4期61卷 1-6页

作者： YongZhong qian School of Physics and Astronomy University of MinnesotaMinneapolis 55455USA Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai 200240China

Stars of～8-100 M_⊙end their lives as core-collapse supernovae(SNe). In the process they emit a powerful burst of neutrinos,produce a variety of elements, and leave behind either a neutron star or a black hole. The wide mass range for SN progenitors results in diverse neutrino signals, explosion energies, and nucleosynthesis products. A major mechanism to produce nuclei heavier than iron is rapid neutron capture, or the r process. This process may be connected to SNe in several ways. A brief review is presented on current understanding of neutrino emission, explosion, and nucleosynthesis of SNe.

关键词： neutrino supernova nucleosynthesis the r process

A systematic framework to understand central bank digital currency

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第3期61卷 206-213页

作者： qian YAO Institute of Digital Money of the People’s Bank of China

The ongoing research and development of digital fiat currency(DFC) have triggered attention of policy makers, regulators and the industrial and academic communities. But there is not yet a clear idea and blueprint of what DFC looks like. This paper establishes a systematic framework to analyze the essence and connotation of DFC from four dimensions: currency value, technical aspects, means of implementation and application scenarios. It is argued that DFC is a credit-based currency in terms of value, a crypto-currency from a technical perspective, an algorithm-based currency in terms of implementation and a smart currency in application scenarios. Compared with existing private digital currencies and electronic currencies, DFC will be equipped with brand new and higher qualities. The goal of Chinese DFC is to contribute to more stable value, more secure data, more powerful regulation, stronger empowerment of individuals in payment activities and smarter application. Chinese DFC should have qualities that enable it to provide better service for the public, to offer effective tools for macroeconomic control and to lay a solid foundation for Reg Tech development.

关键词： digital fiat currency credit-based currency crypto-currency algorithm-based currency smart currency central bank digital currency

An Overview of Self-piercing Riveting Process with Focus on Joint Failures, Corrosion Issues and Optimisation Techniques

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2021年第1期34卷 89-113页

作者： Hua qian Ang School of Engineering RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia

Self-piercing riveting(SPR)is a cold forming technique used to fasten together two or more sheets of materials with a rivet without the need to predrill a *** application of SPR in the automotive sector has become increasingly popular mainly due to the growing use of lightweight materials in transportation ***,SPR joining of these advanced light materials remains a challenge as these materials often lack a good combination of high strength and ductility to resist the large plastic deformation induced by the SPR *** this paper,SPR joints of advanced materials and their corresponding failure mechanisms are discussed,aiming to provide the foundation for future improvement of SPR joint *** paper is divided into three major sections:1)joint failures focusing on joint defects originated from the SPR process and joint failure modes under different mechanical loading conditions,2)joint corrosion issues,and 3)joint optimisation via process parameters and advanced techniques.

关键词： Self-piercing riveting Mechanical joining Joint defects Failure mechanisms Corrosion Joint optimisation

Pharmacological targeting cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis by tryptanthrin induces microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype and promotes functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3287-3301页

作者： Ziwei Fan Mengxian Jia Jian Zhou Zhoule Zhu Yumin Wu Xiaowu Lin Yiming qian Jiashu Lian Xin Hua Jianhong Dong Zheyu Fang Yuqing Liu Sibing Chen Xiumin Xue Juanqing Yue Minyu Zhu Ying Wang Zhihui Huang Honglin Teng Department of Orthopedics(Spine Surgery) the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pathology Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Research Center Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

The M1/M2 phenotypic shift of microglia after spinal cord injury plays an important role in the regulation of neuroinflammation during the secondary injury phase of spinal cord *** of shifting microglia polarization from M1(neurotoxic and proinflammatory type)to M2(neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory type)after spinal cord injury appears to be *** possesses an anti-inflammatory biological ***,its roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms in spinal cord injury remain *** this study,we found that tryptanthrin inhibited microglia-derived inflammation by promoting polarization to the M2 phenotype in *** promoted M2 polarization through inactivating the cGAS/STING/NF-κB ***,we found that targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway with tryptanthrin shifted microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype after spinal cord injury,inhibited neuronal loss,and promoted tissue repair and functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord ***,using a conditional co-culture system,we found that microglia treated with tryptanthrin suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-related neuronal *** together,these results suggest that by targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis,tryptanthrin attenuates microglia-derived neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury through shifting microglia polarization to the M2 phenotype.

关键词： cGAS/STING functional recovery microglia neuroinflammation neuroprotection nuclear factor-κB polarization spinal cord injury tryptanthrin

数字赋能乡村教育现代化的实然困境与优化路径

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教学与管理 2025年第1期 6-11页

作者：王倩吴家华胡恒钊安徽大学马克思主义学院合肥230601 江西农业大学马克思主义学院南昌330045

以数字赋能为发展契机,推进乡村教育现代化是中国式教育现代化的必然要求,也是乡村全面振兴的重要依托。在教育领域,数字技术蕴含着驱动乡村教育现代化发展的重要价值,能够有效扩大优质教育资源的覆盖范围、变革乡村教育形态、推动乡土... 详细信息

以数字赋能为发展契机,推进乡村教育现代化是中国式教育现代化的必然要求,也是乡村全面振兴的重要依托。在教育领域,数字技术蕴含着驱动乡村教育现代化发展的重要价值,能够有效扩大优质教育资源的覆盖范围、变革乡村教育形态、推动乡土文化的交流传播。但在推动数字赋能乡村教育现代化的实践中,面临着数字教育观念淡薄、数字基础条件不足、师生数字素养薄弱等现实阻碍,迫切需要从重塑价值观念、完善数字设施、培养师生数字素养、加强体制建设入手,为数字赋能乡村教育现代化发展注入新动力,以适应中国式教育现代化发展的新生态。

关键词：数字赋能乡村教育中国式教育现代化乡土文化

Positive-instantaneous frequency and approximation

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2022年第3期17卷 337-371页

作者： Tao qian Macao Center for Mathematical Science Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina

Positive-instantaneous frequency representation for transient signals has always been a great concern due to its theoretical and practical importance,although the involved concept itself is *** desire and practice of uniqueness of such frequency representation(decomposition)raise the related topics in *** approximately the last two decades there has formulated a signal decomposition and reconstruction method rooted in harmonic and complex analysis giving rise to the desired signal *** method decomposes any signal into a few basic signals that possess positive instantaneous *** theory has profound relations to classical mathematics and can be generalized to signals defined in higher dimensional manifolds with vector and matrix values,and in particular,promotes kernel approximation for multi-variate *** article mainly serves as a *** also gives two important technical proofs of which one for a general convergence result(Theorem 3.4),and the other for necessity of multiple kernel(Lemma 3.7).Expositorily,for a given real-valued signal f one can associate it with a Hardy space function F whose real part coincides with *** function F has the form F=f+iHf,where H stands for the Hilbert transformation of the *** develop fast converging expansions of F in orthogonal terms of the form F=∑k=1^(∞)c_(k)B_(k),where B_(k)'s are also Hardy space functions but with the additional properties B_(k)(t)=ρ_(k)(t)e^(iθ_(k)(t)),ρk≥0,θ′_(k)(t)≥0,*** original real-valued function f is accordingly expanded f=∑k=1^(∞)ρ_(k)(t)cosθ_(k)(t)which,besides the properties ofρ_(k)andθ_(k)given above,also satisfies H(ρ_(k)cosθ_(k))(t)ρ_(k)(t)sinρ_(k)(t).Real-valued functions f(t)=ρ(t)cosθ(t)that satisfy the conditionρ≥0,θ′(t)≥0,H(ρcosθ)(t)=ρ(t)sinθ(t)are called *** f is a mono-component,then the phase derivativeθ′(t)is defined to be instantaneous frequency of *** above described positive-instantaneou

关键词： Möbius transform blaschke product mono-component hilbert transform hardy space inner and outer functions adaptive fourier decomposition rational orthogonal system nevanlinna factorization beurling-lax theorem reproducing kernel hilbert space several complex variables Clifford alge-bra pre-orthogonal AFD

Patterns of phylogenetic relatedness of non-native plants across the introduction-naturalization-invasion continuum in China

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Plant Diversity 2023年第2期45卷 169-176页

作者： Hong qian CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA

Human activities have caused the exchange of species among different parts of the *** introduced species become naturalized and invasive,they may cause great negative impacts on the environment and human societies,and pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem *** on phylogenetic relatedness between native and non-native species and among non-native species at different stages of species invasion may help for better understanding the drivers of species ***,I analyze a comprehensive data set including both native and non-native angiosperm species in China to determine phylogenetic relatedness of introduced species across a full invasion continuum(from introduction through naturalization to invasion).This study found that(1) introduced plants are a phylogenetically clustered subset of overall(*** plus non-native) angiosperm flora,(2) naturalized plants are a phylogenetically clustered subset of introduced plants,and(3) invasive plants are a phylogenetically clustered subset of naturalized *** patterns hold regardless of spatial scales examined(*** versus provincial scale) and whether basal-or tip-weighted metric of phylogenetic relatedness is *** findings are consistent with Darwin's preadaptation hypothesis.

关键词： Angiosperm Community assembly Darwin's preadaptation hypothesis Exotic species Introduced species Phylogenetic dispersion

Intercontinental comparison of phylogenetic relatedness in introduced plants at the transition from naturalization to invasion:A case study on the floras of South Africa and China

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Plant Diversity 2023年第4期45卷 363-368页

作者： Hong qian Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA

Invasive species may pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem structure and *** number of introduced species that have become invasive is substantial and is rapidly *** potentially invasive species and preventing their expansion are of critical importance in invasion *** relatedness between invasive and native species has been used in predicting invasion *** studies on the phylogenetic relatedness of plants at the transition from naturalization to invasion have shown mixed results,which may be because different methods were used in different ***,I use the same method to analyze two comprehensive data sets from South Africa and China,using two phylogenetic metrics reflecting deep and shallow evolutionary histories,to address the question whether the probability of becoming invasive is higher for naturalized species distantly related to the native *** study suggests that the probability of becoming invasive is higher for naturalized species closely related to the native *** finding of my study is consistent with Darwin's preadaptation hypothesis.

关键词： Angiosperms Exotic species Introduced species Invasive species Naturalized species Phylogenetic relatedness

Macrophage based drug delivery:Key challenges and strategies

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第8期38卷 55-72页

作者： qian Guo Zhong-Ming qian Laboratory of Drug Delivery School of MedicineShanghai University99 Shangda RoadShanghai200444China Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine Nantong University19 Qi Xiu RoadNantongJiangsu226019China National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine of Huashan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai201203China

As a natural immune cell and antigen presenting cell,macrophages have been studied and engineered to treat human *** are well-suited for use as drug carriers because of their biological characteristics,such as excellent biocompatibility,long circulation,intrinsic inflammatory homing and ***,macrophages’uniquely high plasticity and easy re-education polarization facilitates their use as part of efficacious therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases or *** recent studies have demonstrated promising advances in macrophage-based drug delivery,several challenges currently hinder further improvement of therapeutic effect and clinical *** article focuses on the main challenges of utilizing macrophage-based drug delivery,from the selection of macrophage sources,drug loading,and maintenance of macrophage phenotypes,to drug migration and release at target *** addition,corresponding strategies and insights related to these challenges are ***,we also provide perspective on shortcomings on the road to clinical translation and production.

关键词： Macrophages Cell therapy Drug delivery Nano-or micro-particles Cell polarization