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Physics-informed deep learning for one-dimensional consolidation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第2期13卷 420-430页

作者： yared W.Bekele Rock and Soil Mechanics Group SINTEF ASTrondheimNorway

Neural networks with physical governing equations as constraints have recently created a new trend in machine learning *** this context,a review of related research is first presented and *** potential offered by such physics-informed deep learning models for computations in geomechanics is demonstrated by application to one-dimensional(1D)*** governing equation for 1D problems is applied as a constraint in the deep learning *** deep learning model relies on automatic differentiation for applying the governing equation as a constraint,based on the mathematical approximations established by the neural *** total loss is measured as a combination of the training loss(based on analytical and model predicted solutions)and the constraint loss(a requirement to satisfy the governing equation).Two classes of problems are considered:forward and inverse *** forward problems demonstrate the performance of a physically constrained neural network model in predicting solutions for 1D consolidation *** problems show prediction of the coefficient of ***’s problem,with varying boundary conditions,is used as a numerical example and the deep learning model shows a remarkable performance in both the forward and inverse *** the application demonstrated here is a simple 1D consolidation problem,such a deep learning model integrated with a physical law has significant implications for use in,such as,faster realtime numerical prediction for digital twins,numerical model reproducibility and constitutive model parameter optimization.

关键词： Physics-informed deep learning Consolidation Forward problems Inverse problems

Sandfly fauna and ecological analysis of Phlebotomus orientalis and Phlebotomus martini in the lowland foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Somali Regional State, southeast Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第1期13卷 31-37页

作者： Araya Gebresilassie Solomon yared Esayas Aklilu Department of Zoological Sciences Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Biology Jigjiga UniversityJigjigaEthiopia Department of Biology Mada Walabu UniversityBale-RobeEthiopia

Objective:To identify the sandfly fauna and analyze ecology of sandfly vector(s)of visceral leishmaniasis in three districts of Somali Regional State,southeast ***:Sandflies were collected from four sampling habitats,including indoor,peri-domestic,farm field and mixed forest using light and sticky traps in July 2016,and February and April 2017 in Liben and Dawa zones in the Somali Regional State,southeastern ***:In total,4367 sandfly specimens,belonging to 12 species(three Phlebotomus *** nine Sergentomyia spp.)were ***(P.)heischi,***,and *** constituted 45.7%,31.1%,and 23.1%of the sandfly collection,*** were significant differences in the median number of ***,and *** captured per CDC trap/night between the three sampling districts(P<0.05).In light trap capture,collection habitats had significant effects on the abundance of ***,and ***(P<0.05).More median numbers of ***,and *** species were collected in agricultural fields followed by mixed forest and peri-domestic *** and *** were caught more in outdoor than indoor habitats,suggesting exophilic ***:The study demonstrated that the presence of *** and *** are probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in this new *** findings of our study will improve the understanding of the dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis transmission and will facilitate the implementation of integrated disease control measures based on ecological knowledge of visceral leishmaniasis vector in Liben and Dawa zones and its surrounding regions.

关键词： Ecology Phlebotomus orientalis Phlebotomus martini Sandfly fauna Visceral leishmaniasis

Salting-out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Analysis of Caffeine and Nicotinic Acid in Coffee by HPLC-UV/Vis Detector

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2020年第4期4卷 298-306页

作者： Gadisa Chirfa yared Merdassa Abera Gure Department of Chemistry College of Natural SciencesJimma UniversityP.O.Box 378JimmaEthiopia Forest and Climate Change Authority Oromia EnvironmentP.O.Box 10633Finifinne/Addis AbabaEthiopia

A salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction method followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultravio-let-visible detector(SALLE-HPLC-UV/Vis)has been proposed for determination of caffeine and nicotinic acid in raw and roasted coffee *** parameters affecting chromatographic separations including mobile phase composition,injec-tion volume,flow rate and column temperature were *** parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of SALLE method such as type and volume of the organic solvent,type and amount of salt,pH of the sample,and concentration of the ion-pairing reagent were also studied and thereby optimum conditions were *** calibration curves which were constructed at five different concentration levels using the optimum conditions exhibited good linearity,with the coef-ficient of determination(R2)0.999 and 0.995 for caffeine and nicotinic acid,*** limits of detection(LOD)and quantification(LOQ)which were determined at 3 and 10 times signal-to-noise ratio were 0.05 and 0.13 mg/L for nicotinic acid and 0.20 and 0.63 mg/L for caffeine,***-and inter-day precision studies were demonstrated satisfactory precision with RSD values below *** recoveries were also studied,and their results were ranging from 82-122%for both raw and roasted coffee *** findings demonstrated that the proposed method could be used as an effective and best alternative for the determination of caffeine and nicotinic acid in raw and roasted coffee samples.

关键词： Raw and roasted coffee Caffeine Nicotinic acid SALLE HPLC-UV/Vis

Malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in Harari Region,Eastern Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第6期9卷 102-103页

作者： Endashaw Esayas Asefa Tufa Fekadu Massebo Abdulhamid Ahemed Ibssa Ibrahim Dereje Dillu Eyuel Asemahegn Bogale Solomon yared Kebede Deribe 不详 Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Directorate Armauer Hansen Research InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background: Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two *** of this progress,the country has shifted efforts from control to elimination of *** study was conducted to analyse the malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern ***:: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the epidemiology of malaria by reviewing the district health office data from 2013 to 2019 in Harari *** addition,three years of sub-district level malaria data were used to stratify the malaria transmission *** interventions(Long-lasting insecticidal nets[LLIN]and indoor residual spraying[IRS])employed were reviewed to analyse the intervention coverage at the Regional *** statistics were used to show the malaria transmission in terms of years,season and species of the malaria *** rate per 1000 population and death rate per 1000000 population at risk were computed using the total population of each ***: In the Harari Region,malaria incidence showed a more pronounced declining trend from 2017 to *** falciparum,*** and mixed infections accounted for 69.2%,30.6%and 0.2%of the cases,*** was an increment in malaria intervention coverage and improved malaria *** the year 2019 the coverage of LLIN and IRS in the Region were 93.4%and 85.1%*** annual malaria incidence rate dropped from 42.9 cases per 1000 population in 2013 to 6.7 cases per 1000 population in ***-related deaths decreased from 4.7 deaths per 1000000 people annually in 2013 to zero,and there have been no deaths reported since *** malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts.A higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Erer and Jenella districts,which constitute 62%of the cases in the *** to the sub-district level malaria stratification,there wa

关键词： Malaria elimination Epidemiology Incidence Harari region Ethiopia Interventions Sub-district Stratification

Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection: Yet Another Reason for Early Initiation of Treatment in HIV Infected Individuals

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第4期3卷 313-319页

作者： yared Hailaye Muluken Dessalegn Solomon Gebre-Selassie Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Medicine and Health Science College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Medical Microbiology Medical Parasitology and Immunology School of Medicine Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Department of Medicine School of Medicine Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection with HIV is becoming a major challenge due to shared routes of transmission. The burden is apparent in regions with widespread use of antiretroviral treatment, which led to the enhanced emergence of liver-related diseases and mortality. Though there are conflicting results about the effect of chronic HBV infection on response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (CD4+ cell count and HIV viral load, HIV RNA copies/ml), HAART is known to cause immune mediated HBV specific liver damage after it reconstitutes cell-mediated immunity. The relationship of different HAART regimes with immune recovery is an area of research interest. Objective: It is in order to determine the changes in immune recovery during HBV infection in the setting of HAART among HIV positive individuals attending care and treatment services. Methods: Two cohorts of co-infected patients were analyzed from data of one to seven months retrospectively. The first group (n = 380) was antiretroviral drug naive and the second cohort (n = 380) was on HAART for the entire period. The study was conducted in one referral hospital and six health centers. Data were gathered from 760 patients using their intake form, their follow-up form and their medical records supplemented by data from a structured questionnaire. HBV infection was determined by using HBsAg rapid and confirmatory tests and CD4 cells were enumerated by using laboratory registers and patient cards. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done by using SPSS Version 18 and Epi info Version 3.5. Results: Poor immune recovery due to HBV infection was improved after initiation of HAART. Before the initiation of HAART, the mean CD4 cell count of HBV infected individuals was lower than that of non-HBV infected ones, 234/mm3 and 384/mm3, respectively (p 0.05). Individuals co-infected with HBV had experienced delayed recovery of immune cells (CD4 cell count). However, after, on average,

关键词： HAART CD4 Cell Count HBsAg HBV/HIV Co-Infection Immune Recovery

The cartilage matrisome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

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Bone Research 2020年第1期8卷 1-13页

作者： Carol AWise Diane Sepich Aki Ushiki Anas MKhanshour yared HKidane Nadja Makki Christina AGurnett Ryan SGray Jonathan JRios Nadav Ahituv Lila Solnica-Krezel Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children2222 Welborn St.DallasTX 75219USA McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75235USA Departments of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75235USA Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75235USA Department of Developmental Biology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94158USA Institute for Human Genetics University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94158USA Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of FloridaCollege of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610USA Departments of Neurology Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO 63110USA Pediatrics Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO 63110USA Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO 63110USA Department of Pediatrics Dell Pediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTX 78723USA

The human spinal column is a dynamic,segmented,bony,and cartilaginous structure that protects the neurologic system and simultaneously provides balance and *** with developmental disorders that affect the patterning or shape of the spine can be at risk of neurologic and other physiologic *** most common developmental disorder of the spine is scoliosis,a lateral deformity in the shape of the spinal *** may be part of the clinical spectrum that is observed in many developmental disorders,but typically presents as an isolated symptom in otherwise healthy adolescent *** idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)has defied understanding in part due to its genetic *** have come from recent genome-wide association studies(GWAS)and next generation sequencing(NGS)of human AIS cohorts,as well as investigations of animal *** studies have identified genetic associations with determinants of cartilage biogenesis and development of the intervertebral disc(IVD).Current evidence suggests that a fraction of AIS cases may arise from variation in factors involved in the structural integrity and homeostasis of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix(ECM).Here,we review the development of the spine and spinal cartilages,the composition of the cartilage ECM,the so-called"matrisome"and its functions,and the players involved in the genetic architecture of *** also propose a molecular model by which the cartilage matrisome of the IVD contributes to AIS susceptibility.

关键词： cartilage adolescent scoliosis

Perioperative hypothermia: Causes, consequences and treatment

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World Journal of Anesthesiology 2015年第3期4卷 58-65页

作者： Julie R McSwain Maria yared John Wesley Doty Sylvia H Wilson Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Medical University of South Carolina

Perioperative hypothermia, core temperature below 36.0 ℃, transpires due to disruption of thermoregulationby anesthesia coupled with cold exposure to procedural surroundings and cleansing agents. Although most publications have focused on thermoregulation disruption with general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia may also cause significant hypothermia. The clinical consequences of perioperative hypothermia are multiple and include patient discomfort, shivering, platelet dysfunction, coagulopathy, and increased vasoconstriction associated with a higher risk of wound infection. Furthermore, postoperative cardiac events occur at a higher rate; although it is unclear whether this is due to increased oxygen consumption or norepinephrine levels. Hypothermia may also affect pharmacokinetics and prolong postoperative recovery times and hospital length of stay. In order to combat perioperative hypothermia, many prevention strategies have been examined. Active and passive cutaneous warming are likely the most common and aim to both warm and prevent heat loss; many consider active warming a standard of care for surgeries over one hour. Intravenous nutrients have also been examined to boost metabolic heat production. Additionally, pharmacologic agents that induce vasoconstriction have been studied with the goal of minimizing heat loss. Despite these multiple strategies for prevention and treatment, hypothermia continues to be a problem and a common consequence of the perioperative period. This literature review presents the most recent evidence on the disruption of temperature regulation by anesthesia and perioperative environment, the consequences of hypothermia, and the methods for hypothermia prevention and treatment.

关键词： Body temperature regulation Hypothermia prevention Hypothermia Hypothermia treatment Intraoperative care

Case Report: Parasitic Leiomyoma

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2019年第9期10卷 722-726页

作者： G. yared J. Darido R. Chahine J. Khadra R. Bachnak R. Bou Ghanem K. Dimashkie M. Kharroubi I. Farhat I. Hatoum Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rafic Hariri University Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon Department of Urology Surgery Rafic Hariri University Hospital Beirut Lebanon

Parasitic Leiomyoma (PL) is considered a rare variant of uterine fibroids occurring outside the uterus. We hereby report a challenging case of parasitic leiomyoma that is considered rare in the literature with all its particularities. A 62 YO lady is known to have a history of diabetes, right breast carcinoma, appendectomy and normal vaginal deliveries presenting with a two-year history of back and abdominal pain with recent urinary symptoms. Therefore, an abdominopelvic Ct scan and MRI were done showing uterine fibroids compressing the bladder. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy. A palpable intravesical mass was identified. Transurethral cystoscopic resection was performed. Pathology results confirmed the leiomyomatous nature of the mass. Postoperatively, the surgery was complicated with a wound dehiscence and a hematoma formation on the left lateral wall of the bladder that was treated conservatively with a good follow-up outcome.

关键词： Parasitic Leiomyoma Uterine Fibroids