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小学教师需要怎样的教学参考书——基于18位数学教师的扎根理论研究

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上海教育科研 2024年第6期 31-37页

作者：董瑶瑶王田刘启蒙刘坚北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心 100875

随着2022年义务教育阶段课程标准的出台,新一轮教材和教学参考书的修订工作已陆续开始推进。作为面向教师的教学参考书,却缺乏从教师需求视角开展的实证研究,没有深入探讨教师究竟需要怎样的教学参考书。对此,运用扎根理论范式,深入挖... 详细信息

随着2022年义务教育阶段课程标准的出台,新一轮教材和教学参考书的修订工作已陆续开始推进。作为面向教师的教学参考书,却缺乏从教师需求视角开展的实证研究,没有深入探讨教师究竟需要怎样的教学参考书。对此,运用扎根理论范式,深入挖掘和研究18位小学数学教师对教学参考书的真正需求,发现小学教师对教参的需求包括理解教材编写意图、定位教材学习目标、梳理教材内容结构、使用教材实施教学、帮助教师读懂学生、指导改进学习评价、提供多元拓展资源七大类,由此分析了不同阶段小学教师对教学参考书的需求差异特征及其变化趋势。基于上述研究结果,“读懂儿童”应被视为教学参考书编写的价值追求,教学参考书编写应能帮助教师明确学生素养目标、评价学生素养表现、搭建学生学习支架,让素养培养“看得清”“摸得着”“走得到”。

关键词：教学参考书教师需求小学数学教师扎根理论读懂儿童

Effects of dimethyl ether and ethanol additions on soot transition in ethylene counterflow diffusion flames

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1094-1112页

作者： GUO LinGe YING yaoyao CHEN Chen ZHAO Xuan LIU dong MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Advanced Combustion Laboratory School of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

This paper investigates the effect of blending dimethyl ether(DME)and ethanol on the soot transition periods in ethylene counterflow diffusion flames by using a novel optical diagnostic *** soot critical transition point in different conditions is identified experimentally and *** kinds of flames are carried out to gain the soot critical transition point in counterflow diffusion flames by changing oxygen fraction(Xo)and changing volume flow rates of fuel and oxidizer(Qv).The red-green-blue(RGB)ratio method is used to precisely identify the soot critical transition point,and chemical kinetic simulations are performed to analyze the detailed reaction *** results show that compared to the ethylene flame,the soot critical transition point occurs at a higher Xoand a lower Qvwhen DME or ethanol is *** addition of DME and ethanol can inhibit soot formation,due to the degree of soot formation reaction being lower than the degree of the oxidation reaction in the blending flames.

关键词： optical diagnosis sooting tendency counterflow diffusion flame dimethyl ether ethanol

Coupled interactive effects of ammonia and hydrogen additions on ethylene diffusion flames: A detailed kinetic study

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 930-948页

作者： XIAO JiaYi XU TingTing SHU ZhiMei DENG QiGe ZHAO Xuan YING yaoyao LI TianJiao LIU dong MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Advanced Combustion Laboratory School of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China

In order to create effective combustion technologies and fuels with low or no carbon emissions,the research was conducted to assess the coupled interactive effects of NH_(3) and H_(2) additions on ethylene counterflow diffusion flames from a kinetic *** effects of the NH_(3)/H_(2) combination on flame temperatures,major species,key radicals,important intermediate species,representative oxygenated species and NO_xwere *** results of the study utilizing fictitious inert NH_(3) and/or H_(2) revealed the chemical effects of the two *** was found that the NH_(3)/H_(2) coupled effects had a more effective inhibitory effect on soot precursors than the effects of corresponding sum of single NH_(3) or H_(2) *** production of soot precursors was promoted by the coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and H_(2),but the coupled dilution and thermal effects were observed to have a greater impact,resulting in a decrease of the mole fractions of soot *** for the interaction of NH_(3) and H_(2) effects,the presence of H_(2) decreased the chemical effects of NH_(3) on the augmentation of C_(2)H_(2),A1,A2,and CH_(3)CHO mole *** NH_(3) addition alleviated the H_(2) chemical effects on increasing C_(2)H_(2),C_(3)H_(3),A1 and A2 ***,the NH_(3)chemical effects on C_(3)H_(3),OH and CH_(3)CHO were enhanced when H_(2) was *** presence of NH_(3) augmented the chemical effects of H_(2) on the growth of OH mole ***,the H_(2) chemical effects hindered the production of NO and NO_(2) in the presence of NH_(3).

关键词： NH_(3)/H_(2)addition kinetic analysis coupled interactive effects chemical effects

Comprehensive kinetic study on ammonia/ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames:influences of diluents

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第1期11卷 232-249页

作者： Zhimei Shu Tingting Xu Jiayi Xiao Qige Deng Xuan Zhao Tianjiao Li yaoyao Ying dong Liu MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Advanced Combustion Laboratory School of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ammonia addition on ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames with different diluents on the fuel or oxidizer side,using kinetic analyses.A special emphasis was put on assessing the coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and CO_(2) on C2H4 combustion *** chemical effects could be evaluated by comparing fictitious inert NH_(3) or CO_(2) with normal active NH_(3) or CO_(2).The results revealed that the addition of NH_(3) decreased the mole fractions and production rates of key soot precursors,such as acetylene,propynyl,and *** CO_(2) was used as the dilution gas,the coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and CO_(2) were affected by the chemical effects of CO_(2) to varying *** the oxidizer-side CO_(2) addition,the coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and CO_(2) reduced the mole fractions of H,O,OH radicals,acetylene,propynyl,and benzene,while the effects differed from the fuel-side CO_(2) *** coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and CO_(2) also promoted the formation of aldehyde contaminants,such as acetaldehyde,to some extent,particularly with CO_(2) addition on the oxidizer side.

关键词： Ammonia addition Diluents Coupled chemical effects Kinetic analysis

从中法法语教材的理念与结构看能力导向的异同

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外国语文 2020年第4期36卷 130-136页

作者：董遥遥四川外国语大学法意语系重庆400031

教材是外语教学的重要保障条件,不仅要贯彻教学大纲的知识体系,还蕴含了对学习者能力培养的训练。本文选取国内和法国两套具有代表性的基础法语教材进行对比研究,探讨中、法教材体现的不同导向。中国教材注重语言知识体系构建,而法国教... 详细信息

教材是外语教学的重要保障条件,不仅要贯彻教学大纲的知识体系,还蕴含了对学习者能力培养的训练。本文选取国内和法国两套具有代表性的基础法语教材进行对比研究,探讨中、法教材体现的不同导向。中国教材注重语言知识体系构建,而法国教材倡导"面向行动"的教学理念,主张在"做中学",更注重对综合能力的培养。新时期"国标"的出台,对外语人才的能力素养提出了多维度的新要求。厘清不同教材的特点能帮助我们更合理地使用教材,实现对外语人才不同能力的培养。

关键词：外语教材知识导向能力导向

Fuel type recognition of ester isomer additives in flames by optical diagnostics coupled with machine learning method

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3431-3442页

作者： HE JiaYing CHEN MengFei WU BingKun YING yaoyao YAN WeiJie LI TianJiao LIU dong MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Advanced Combustion Laboratory School of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology

Based on machine learning models, an approach for the type recognition of oxygenated additives(ester isomers, i.e., methyl butyrate, methyl crotonate, ethyl acrylate, and ethyl acrylate) via optical diagnostics was proposed. By utilizing optical diagnostic methods flame features were extracted, and three models including random forest(RF), artificial neural network(ANN),and support vector machine(SVM), were employed to establish the relationship between flame images and oxygenated additives. Moreover, the impact of multiple factors on model performance, including image compression, dataset size, and feature number was also investigated. The images of flame obtained from inverse diffusion flame under four different oxygenated additives and various combustion conditions were used as examples to examine the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Results indicated that the accuracy of the recognition of ester isomers by the proposed approach exceeded 90%.Furthermore, it is observed that image compression had minimal impact on prediction accuracy but significantly reduced processing time. Different types of features contributed to predicting the type of ester isomers variously, and all models exhibited improved accuracy with an increased number of features. The number of samples significantly affected model accuracy. The investigation of feature missing and insufficient training samples suggested that ANN and RF models were more suitable for cases with many missing features, while SVM was more suitable for dealing with small samples.

关键词： fuel recognition machine learning feature extraction optical diagnostics ester isomers

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淀粉-脂质复合物功能及营养特性研究进展

食品科学 2020年第9期41卷 238-245页

作者：石少侠董瑶瑶李琪于修烛西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院陕西杨凌712100

为进一步研究淀粉-脂质复合物的功能及营养特性,本文对淀粉-脂质复合物的复合机制及其螺旋结构和表征方法进行了综述,并探讨不同条件下复合物的功能特性(溶解度和膨胀力、抗消化性、糊化特性、流变性、介电性、热稳定性和成膜性)及其在... 详细信息

为进一步研究淀粉-脂质复合物的功能及营养特性,本文对淀粉-脂质复合物的复合机制及其螺旋结构和表征方法进行了综述,并探讨不同条件下复合物的功能特性(溶解度和膨胀力、抗消化性、糊化特性、流变性、介电性、热稳定性和成膜性)及其在降低血糖和缓释活性组分等方面的营养特性,以期为开发复合物的营养特性及其在食品行业中的应用提供新的途径。

关键词：淀粉-脂质复合物功能特性营养特性应用

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毫米波雷达手势识别综述

兵器装备工程学报 2021年第8期42卷 119-125页

作者：董尧尧曲卫邱磊航天工程大学研究生院北京101416 航天工程大学电子与光学工程系北京101416

围绕雷达手势识别技术中的动态手势信息感知、手势回波信号预处理,手势特征提取及分类算法等关键技术,对国内外公开发表的相关文献进行了归纳总结,对现有方法的性能进行了分析和评价;梳理了该研究近年来基于毫米波雷达技术的手势识别研... 详细信息

围绕雷达手势识别技术中的动态手势信息感知、手势回波信号预处理,手势特征提取及分类算法等关键技术,对国内外公开发表的相关文献进行了归纳总结,对现有方法的性能进行了分析和评价;梳理了该研究近年来基于毫米波雷达技术的手势识别研究发展方向上亟待解决的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。结果表明,雷达手势识别技术已经在人机交互应用中取得了长足进步。随着相关研究的深入,毫米波雷达技术的手势识别系统将向着智能化方向发展。

关键词：手势识别毫米波雷达预处理特征提取分类识别机器学习

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论多媒体技术在基础法语综合课中的运用

法国研究 2010年第4期 76-82页

作者：董遥遥四川外语学院法语系

多媒体教学是教学领域所不可避免的一场重要变革。不过,在外语领域,多媒体还没有成功地融入现行教学体系。基于互联网和多媒体视听设备,各种类型的多媒体应用已经在尝试,有对学生自主学习的设施提供,有对教学的手段支持,有培训或是自我... 详细信息

多媒体教学是教学领域所不可避免的一场重要变革。不过,在外语领域,多媒体还没有成功地融入现行教学体系。基于互联网和多媒体视听设备,各种类型的多媒体应用已经在尝试,有对学生自主学习的设施提供,有对教学的手段支持,有培训或是自我修习的设施。本文所聚焦的是在基础法语教学里如何运用计算机设备。

关键词：多媒体外语教学 “一体化”教学模式法语外语教学