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Increased reproductive capacity and physical defense but decreased tannin content in an invasive plant

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Insect Science 2011年第5期18卷 521-532页

作者： Wen-Feng Guo jun zhang Xiao-Qiong Li Jian-Qing Ding Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Gardenlinstitute Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Department of Plant Protection Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

Plant invasions create novel plant-insect interactions. The EICA （evolution of increased competitive ability） hypothesis proposes that invasive plants will reallocate resources from defense to growth and/or reproduction because they have escaped from their co-evolved insect natural enemies. Testing multiple herbivory by monophagous and oligophagous herbivores and simultaneous measurement of various plant traits will provide new insights into the evolutionary change ofinvasive plants. In this context, we conducted a common garden experiment to compare plant growth and reproduction, chemical and physical defense, and plant responses to herbivory by different types of herbivores between invasive North American populations and native East Asian populations of mile-a-minute weed, Persicariaperfoliata. We found that invasive mile-a-minnte exhibited lower biomass, flowered earlier and had greater reproductive output than plants from the native range. Compared with native populations, plants from invasive populations had lower tannin content, but exhibited higher prickle density on nodes and leaves. Thus our results partially support the EICA hypothesis. When exposed to the monophagous insect, Rhinoncomimus latipes and the oligophagous insects, Gallerucida grisescens and Smaragdina nigrifrons, more damage by herbivory was found on invasive plants than on natives. R. latipes, G. grisescens and S. nigrifrons had strong, moderate and weak impacts on the growth and reproduction of mile-a-minute, respectively. The results indicate that mile-a-minute may have evolved a higher reproductive capacity in the introduced range, and this along with a lack of oligophagous and monophagous herbivores in the new range may have contributed to its invasiveness in North America.

关键词： chemical defense EICA hypothesis growth herbivory physical defense reproduction

Long noncoding RNA NALT1-induced gastric cancer invasion and metastasis via NOTCH signaling pathway

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第44期25卷 6508-6526页

作者： Hai-Yan Piao Shuai Guo Yue Wang jun zhang Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital&Institute(Cancer Hospital of China Medical University)Shenyang 110042Liaoning ProvinceChina Gastric Cancer Department Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital&Institute(Cancer Hospital of China Medical University)Shenyang 110042Liaoning ProvinceChina

BACKGROUNDLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrant and play critical roles in gastriccancer (GC) progression and metastasis. Searching for coexpressed lncRNAclusters or representative biomarkers related to malignant phenotypes of GC mayhelp to elucidate the mechanism of tumor development and predict the prognosisof *** investigate the prognostic value of NOTCH1 associated with lncRNA in T cellacute lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (NALT1) in GC and the mechanism of itsinvolvement in GC invasion and *** sequencing and corresponding clinical data were downloaded from TheCancer Genome Atlas database. The significance module was studied byweighted gene coexpression network analysis. A total of 336 clinical sampleswere included in the study. Gene silencing, reverse transcription polymerasechain reaction, western blotting, scrape motility assay, and Transwell migrationassay were used to assess the function of *** the transcriptome level, 3339 differentially expressed lncRNAs were *** gene coexpression network analysis was used to obtain 15 lncRNAclusters and observe their coexpression. Pearson’s correlation showed that blue module was correlated with tumor grade and survival. NALT1 was the hublncRNAof blue module and was an independent risk factor for GC ***1 was overexpressed in GC and its expression was closely related toinvasion and metastasis. The mechanism may involve NALT1 regulation ofNOTCH1, which is associated with lncRNA in T cell acute lymphoblasticleukemia, through cis regulation, thereby affecting the expression of the NOTCHsignaling ***1 is overexpressed and promotes invasion and metastasis of GC. Themechanism may be related to regulation of NOTCH1 by NALT1 and its effect onNOTCH signaling pathway expression.

关键词： Gastric cancer Weighted gene coexpression network analysis NALT1 NOTCH1 Cancer survival

Analysis on Link Between the Macroscopic and Microscopic Air–Water Properties in Self-Aerated Flows

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China Ocean Engineering 2018年第5期32卷 614-623页

作者： WEI Wang-ru XU Wei-lin DENG jun TIAN Zhong zhang Fa-xing State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University

Self-aeration in high-speed free surface flows occurs commonly and is of interest to ocean engineering, hydraulic engineering, and environmental engineering. For two-phase air–water flows, macroscopic air–water flow properties develop gradually, accompanied by the change of microscopic air–water structures. In this article, representational experimental studies on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of self-aerated open-channel flows are summarized and compared. The isolated effect of the flow Reynolds number and air quantity on the differences in air count rate and chord size are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the characterized flow depth y, affected by the turbulence transfer, is a specific criterion to distinguish the interior air–water structure development. Two distinct linear trends of self-aeration are found, depending on the y/yvariation with a breaking point at Cmean =0.50. The air count rate and size scale in self-aerated flows are affected by the air quantity of self-aerated flows, even with identical flow Reynolds numbers. Thus, a specific parameter is proposed to assess the air–water structures and a series of self-similarity relationships in self-aeration properties are obtained. The link between macroscopic and microscopic air–water properties results in significant scale effect on air–water structures in self-aerated flows.

关键词： self-aeration two-phase flows air concentration air bubble open channel

Failure mechanisms and risk mitigation of check dams on the Chinese Loess Plateau: A case study at the Gutun Gully

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1509-1524页

作者： JIANG Rui-jun zhang Mao-sheng FENG Li SUN Ping-ping Department of Geological Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710054China Department of Civil Engineering School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Key Laboratory for Geo-hazards in Loess Area Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an Center of China Geological SurveyXi’an 710054China

Loess is long-term aeolian dust deposition, characterized by loose structure, concentrated participle distribution and unstable mineral composition, and thus easy to cause extensive collapsibility and have general water sensitivity. To reveal the difference in water sensitivity between naturally intact(NI) loess and mechanically compacted(MC) loess used for the check dam, the transient water release and imbibition method(TRIM) was used to acquire the suction stress–expanded hydraulic characteristic curves for the NI and MC loess and explore possible approaches for formulating the potential of loess water sensitivity. Based on the Local Field of Safety(LFS) associated with slope stability, we constructed a finite element model of a check dam to depict its failure processes under different rainfall scenarios. The results revealed the strong water sensitivity in NI loess, while the MC loess retained a certain water-sensitive potential. This capacity depends on the ‘water sensitivity coefficient’ obtained from the suction-stress characteristic curve,which better presented the deformation potential of the two loess samples at different water content levels. In the context of LFS, we identified two failure patterns in the dam body that were involved in loess water sensitivity under hydromechanical conditions: rainfall erosion-induced shallow mudflow failure, and preferential-infiltration progressive failure. These patterns may provide new insights into dam-breakage mechanisms and potential chain effects of check dams on the Chinese Loess Plateau from the perspective of soil–water interactions, which is vital for predicting the position and timing of check dam failure, and mitigating risks.

关键词： Chinese loess Water sensitivity Suction stress Failure patterns Slope stability Check dam

Effect of organic matter and pH on mercury release from soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第11期19卷 1349-1354页

作者： YANG Yong-kui zhang Cheng SHI Xiao-jun LIN Zao WANG Ding-yong College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China Chongqing Key Lab of Agricultural Resources and Environment Chongqing 400716 China

An investigation was conducted on the effect of organic matter （OM） and pH on mercury （Hg） release from soils. Hg release flux was measured using the dynamic flux chamber （DFC） combined with the Lumex multifunctional mercury analyzer in both laboratory experiment and field monitoring. The results showed that Hg emission from the OM-added soils was apparently low because of the high affinity of OM to Hg, resulting in the reverse order as the amount of OM addition. Meanwhile, Hg release flux from different pH value soils exhibited the same trend for both Hg^2＋ and Hg2^2＋ treatment, increasing the Hg flux with pH value of soils increasing. The trend of Hg release in the pH dependence experiment has been well in agreement with that from the field test. In addition, Hg release seemed to be related to its species in the soil, the flux from Hg^2＋-added soil was obviously higher than that of Hg2^2＋-added soil by the laboratory experiment.

关键词： mercury organic matter pH release flux

BODY PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF AUTOMOBILE DRIVING HUMAN MACHINE CONTACT INTERFACE

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2007年第4期20卷 66-70页

作者： CHEN Juan HONG jun zhang E LIANG Jian LU Bingheng State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering Xi＇ an Jiaotong University Xi＇ an 710049 China

Aiming at the fatigue and comfort issues of human-machine contact interface in automobile driving and based on physiological and anatomical principle, the physiological and biochemical process of muscles and nerves in the formation and development of fatigue is analyzed systematically. The fatigue-causing physiological characteristic indexes are mapped to biomechanical indexes like muscle stress-strain, the compression deformation of blood vessels and nerves etc. from the perspective of formation mechanism. The geometrical model of skeleton and parenchyma is established by applying CT-scanned body data and MRI images. The general rule of comfort body pressure distribution is acquired through the analysis of anatomical structure of buttocks and femoral region. The comprehensive test platform for sitting comfort of 3D adjustable contact interface is constructed. The test of body pressure distribution of human-machine contact interface and its comparison with subjective evaluation indicates that the biomechanical indexes of automobile driving human-machine contact interface and body pressure distribution rule studied can effectively evaluate the fatigue and comfort issues of human-machine contact interface and provide theoretical basis for the optimal design of human-machine contact interface.

关键词： Biomechanics Contact interface Fatigue Body pressure distribution

Pulse radiolysis study on gatifloxacin——A fluoroquinolone antibiotic

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第7期55卷 1358-1363页

作者： LI HaiXia LIU YanCheng TANG RuiZhi zhang Peng FU HaiYing yao SiDe WANG WenFeng Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The reactions between gatifloxacin(GFX) and various one-electron oxidants,such as ˙OH,N3˙,Br2˙ˉ,and SO4˙ˉ,have been studied by pulse radiolysis *** GFX radical anion formed in the reaction of GFX with eaqˉ could either be protonated or deprotonated,and the absorption of GFX radical anion was located at 390 *** transient species produced by the reaction of GFX with ˙OH radical shows a broad band in the 380?600 nm region with a shoulder,while the oxidation by N3˙,SO4˙ˉ,and Br2˙ˉ results in an absorption band with λmax = 370 *** neutral condition(pH 7),the rate constants of GFX reacting with ˙OH,N3˙,Br2˙ˉ,SO4˙ˉ and eaqˉ are estimated to be 1.0 × 1010,3.1 × 109,2.8 × 109,3.0 × 109,and 1.8 × 1010 dm3 mol?1 s?1,*** the pH dependence on the formation of electron adducts and on the rate constant of GFX with eaqˉ,the pKa of GFX radical anion is estimated to be 5.5 and 9.3.

关键词： gatifloxacin pulse radiolysis radical anion radical cation

Multi-Objective Optimization for Tandem Cold Rolling Schedule

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2010年第11期17卷 34-39页

作者： YANG Jing-ming zhang Qing CHE Hai-jun HAN Xin-yan Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 Hebei China

Considering the multivariable, strong-coupled, and nonlinear features of tandem cold rolling mill, a mathematical model of multi-objective optimization was built to facilitate the design of new systems aiming at equating the relative load, preventing slip, and obtaining best shape. BP （back propagation） neural network based on Levenberg- Marquardt algorithm was used for predicting the rolling force. The multi-objective fuzzy theory and method were introduced during the optimization. With an example of 1 370 mm tandem cold rolling mill, the rolling schedule of the common rolling, the single-objective optimization design, and the multi-objective fuzzy optimization design were compared with each other. The results generated from the case study showed that the proposed approach could significantly decreased the values of three objective functions simultaneously and the performance of the optimal rolling schedule was satisfactory and promising. Moreover, the capability and usefulness of fuzzy application in tandem cold rolling schedule were clearly demonstrated.

关键词： rolling schedule tandem cold rolling neural network multi-objective fuzzy optimization

The leaching behavior of simulated HLW glass under repository condition

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2006年第3期17卷 158-163页

作者： zhang Hua YANG Jian-Wen LI Bao-jun LUO Shang-Geng China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China

As the multibarrier system has been adopted to dispose HLW glass in geological formation in many coun- tries, it was important to study the leaching behavior of vitrification under geological formation. This article describes the leaching behavior of simulated high level waste glass (90Nd/10), which can incorporate 16 wt.% simulated HLW in five kinds of geological media, such as granite, cement, bentonite, Fe3O4, etc. The durable experimental results show that the glass had less mass loss in granite and more mass loss in bentonite after a two-year leaching test. The SEM/XEDS analysis shows some element distributions on the leached specimen’s surface, i.e., Na, Si and Mg ele- ments were reduced on the specimen’s surface, whereas Ba, Al, and Fe were enriched on the specimen’s surface.

关键词：滤取测试花岗岩斑脱土多屏障系统 HLW-玻璃