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On implications of somatostatin in diabetic retinopathy

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1984-1990页

作者： Yanhong Fang Qionghua Wang Youjian Li Li Zeng Jian Liu Kepeng ou Department of Ophthalmology Chongqing University Jiangjin HospitalChongqingChina College of Pharmacy National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative TherapeuticsIATTIChongqing University of Arts and SciencesChongqingChina Shandong Provincial Hospital Shandong Laboratory Animal CenterScience and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong ProvinceChina Academic Unit of Ophthalmology Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK

Somatostatin,a naturally produced neuroprotective peptide,depresses excitatory neurotransmission and exerts anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects on the retina.In this review,we summarize the progress of somatostatin treatment of diabetic retinopathy through analysis of relevant studies published from February 2019 to February 2023 extracted from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases.Insufficient neuroprotection,which occurs as a consequence of declined expression or dysregulation of retinal somatostatin in the very early stages of diabetic retinopathy,triggers retinal neurovascular unit impairment and microvascular damage.Somatostatin replacement is a promising treatment for retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy.Numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials of somatostatin analog treatment for early diabetic retinopathy have been initiated.In one such trial(EUROCONDOR),topical administration of somatostatin was found to exert neuroprotective effects in patients with pre-existing retinal neurodysfunction,but had no impact on the onset of diabetic retinopathy.Overall,we concluded that somatostatin restoration may be especially beneficial for the growing population of patients with early-stage retinopathy.In order to achieve early prevention of diabetic retinopathy initiation,and thereby salvage visual function before the appearance of moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,several issues need to be addressed.These include the needs to:a)update and standardize the retinal screening scheme to incorporate the detection of early neurodegeneration,b)identify patient subgroups who would benefit from somatostatin analog supplementation,c)elucidate the interactions of somatostatin,particularly exogenously-delivered somatostatin analogs,with other retinal peptides in the context of hyperglycemia,and d)design safe,feasible,low cost,and effective administration routes.

关键词： diabetes retinopathy excitotoxicity growth hormone insulin like growth factor irisin neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurovascular unit octreotide oxidative stress somatostatin

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Identifying spreading influence nodes for social networks

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022年第4期9卷 520-549页

作者： yang ou Qiang GUO Jianguo LIU Research Center of Complex Systems Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Institute of Accounting and Finance Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai 200433China

The identification of spreading influence nodes in social networks,which studies how to detect important individuals in human society,has attracted increasing attention from physical and computer science,social science and economics communities.The identification algorithms of spreading influence nodes can be used to evaluate the spreading influence,describe the node’s position,and identify interaction centralities.This review summarizes the recent progress about the identification algorithms of spreading influence nodes from the viewpoint of social networks,emphasizing the contributions from physical perspectives and approaches,including the microstructure-based algorithms,community structure-based algorithms,macrostructure-based algorithms,and machine learning-based algorithms.We introduce diffusion models and performance evaluation metrics,and outline future challenges of the identification of spreading influence nodes.

关键词： complex network network science spreading influence machine learning

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Amorphous Sb/C composite with isotropic expansion property as an ultra-stable and high-rate anode for lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2039-2052页

作者： Ze-Zhou yang Cheng-Yi Zhang Yu-Qing ou Zhi-Kang Su Yan Zhao Heng-Jiang Cong Xin-Ping Ai Jiang-Feng Qian Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan University

Antimony （Sb） is an intriguing anode material for Li-ion batteries （LIBs） owing to its high theoretical capacity of 660 m Ah·g-1and appropriate working potential of～0.8 V （vs.Li+/Li）.However,just like all alloying materials,the Sb anode suffers from huge volume expansion （230%） during repeated insertion/extraction of Li+ions,resulting in structural deterioration and rapid capacity decay.In this work,a novel amorphous Sb/C composite with atomically dispersed Sb particles in carbon matrix is prepared via a straightforward high-energy ball milling approach.The intimate intermixing of amorphous Sb with C provides homogeneous element distribution and isotropic volume expansion during cycling,resulting in persistent structural stability.Meanwhile,the disordered structure of amorphous material shortens the diffusion distance of lithium ions/electrons,promoting fast reaction kinetics and rate capability.Benefiting from the aforementioned effects,the amorphous Sb/C exhibits a high reversible capacity of537.4 m Ah·g-1at 0.1 A·g-1and retains 201.0 m Ah·g-1at an ultrahigh current rate of 10.0 A·g-1.Even after 1500deep cycles at 2.0 A·g-1,the amorphous Sb/C electrode still maintains 86.3%of its initial capacity,which outperforms all existing Sb-based anodes reported so far.Postmortem analysis further reveals a greatly reduced volume variation of merely 34.6%for the amorphous Sb/C electrode,much lower than that of 223.1%for crystalline Sb materials.This study presents a new approach to stabilizing Sb-based alloy anodes and contributes to the construction of high-performance amorphous anode materials for LIBs,enabling advanced energy storage.

关键词： Amorphous Sb/C anode Homogeneous element distribution Isotropic volume expansion Ultra-long cycle stability High-rate capability Lithium-ion battery

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Social Robot Detection Method with Improved Graph Neural Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1773-1795页

作者： Zhenhua Yu Liangxue Bai ou Ye Xuya Cong Institute of Systems Security and Control College of Computer Science and TechnologyXi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710054China

Social robot accounts controlled by artificial intelligence or humans are active in social networks,bringing negative impacts to network security and social life.Existing social robot detection methods based on graph neural networks suffer from the problem of many social network nodes and complex relationships,which makes it difficult to accurately describe the difference between the topological relations of nodes,resulting in low detection accuracy of social robots.This paper proposes a social robot detection method with the use of an improved neural network.First,social relationship subgraphs are constructed by leveraging the user’s social network to disentangle intricate social relationships effectively.Then,a linear modulated graph attention residual network model is devised to extract the node and network topology features of the social relation subgraph,thereby generating comprehensive social relation subgraph features,and the feature-wise linear modulation module of the model can better learn the differences between the nodes.Next,user text content and behavioral gene sequences are extracted to construct social behavioral features combined with the social relationship subgraph features.Finally,social robots can be more accurately identified by combining user behavioral and relationship features.By carrying out experimental studies based on the publicly available datasets TwiBot-20 and Cresci-15,the suggested method’s detection accuracies can achieve 86.73%and 97.86%,respectively.Compared with the existing mainstream approaches,the accuracy of the proposed method is 2.2%and 1.35%higher on the two datasets.The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively detect social robots and maintain a healthy ecological environment of social networks.

关键词： Social robot detection social relationship subgraph graph attention network feature linear modulation behavioral gene sequences

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Free-moving-state microscopic imaging of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics with a photoacoustic fiberscope

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 33-46页

作者： Xiaoxuan Zhong Yizhi Liang Xiaoyu Wang Haoying Lan Xue Bai Long Jin Bai-ou Guan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China

We report the development of a head-mounted photoacoustic fiberscope for cerebral imaging in a freely behaving mouse.The 4.5-gram imaging probe has a 9-µm lateral resolution and 0.2-Hz frame rate over a 1.2-mm wide area.The probe can continuously monitor cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic responses at single-vessel resolution,showing significantly different cerebrovascular responses to external stimuli under anesthesia and in the freely moving state.For example,when subjected to high-concentration CO_(2) respiration,enhanced oxygenation to compensate for hypercapnia can be visualized due to cerebral regulation in the freely moving state.Comparative studies exhibit significantly weakened compensation capabilities in obese rodents.This new imaging modality can be used for investigating both normal and pathological cerebrovascular functions and shows great promise for studying cerebral activity,disorders and their treatments.

关键词： cerebral anesthesia moving

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Long-range asymmetric Cherenkov radiation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 170-171页

作者： Gang Zhong Qingdong ou Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering(MIMSE) Faculty of Innovation EngineeringMacao University of Science and TechnologyTaipaMacao 999078China

Cherenkov radiation(CR)is gaining increasing attention as a high-output power Terahertz radiation source,and it plays a significant role in particle detectors,accelerators,and space science[1].This captivating phenomenon was first observed by Cerenkov in 1934 and was later explained theoretically by Tamm and Frank in 1937,earning them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958.CR occurs when charged particles move faster than the phase velocity of light in a specific medium.

关键词： asymmetric faster explained

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Development of a convolutional neural network based geomechanical upscaling technique for heterogeneous geological reservoir

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2111-2125页

作者： Zhiwei Ma Xiaoyan ou Bo Zhang Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosUSA Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada

Geomechanical assessment using coupled reservoir-geomechanical simulation is becoming increasingly important for analyzing the potential geomechanical risks in subsurface geological developments.However,a robust and efficient geomechanical upscaling technique for heterogeneous geological reservoirs is lacking to advance the applications of three-dimensional(3D)reservoir-scale geomechanical simulation considering detailed geological heterogeneities.Here,we develop convolutional neural network(CNN)proxies that reproduce the anisotropic nonlinear geomechanical response caused by lithological heterogeneity,and compute upscaled geomechanical properties from CNN proxies.The CNN proxies are trained using a large dataset of randomly generated spatially correlated sand-shale realizations as inputs and simulation results of their macroscopic geomechanical response as outputs.The trained CNN models can provide the upscaled shear strength(R^(2)>0.949),stress-strain behavior(R^(2)>0.925),and volumetric strain changes(R^(2)>0.958)that highly agree with the numerical simulation results while saving over two orders of magnitude of computational time.This is a major advantage in computing the upscaled geomechanical properties directly from geological realizations without the need to perform local numerical simulations to obtain the geomechanical response.The proposed CNN proxybased upscaling technique has the ability to(1)bridge the gap between the fine-scale geocellular models considering geological uncertainties and computationally efficient geomechanical models used to assess the geomechanical risks of large-scale subsurface development,and(2)improve the efficiency of numerical upscaling techniques that rely on local numerical simulations,leading to significantly increased computational time for uncertainty quantification using numerous geological realizations.

关键词： Upscaling Lithological heterogeneity Convolutional neural network(CNN) Anisotropic shear strength Nonlinear stressestrain behavior

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Current therapies for osteoarthritis and prospects of CRISPR-based genome,epigenome,and RNA editing in osteoarthritis treatment

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第2期51卷 159-183页

作者： Yuxi Chen Xiao Luo Rui Kang Kaixin Cui Jianping ou Xiya Zhang Puping Liang MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Center for Reproductive Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversitySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510630China

Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases worldwide,causing pain,disability,and decreased quality of life.The balance between regeneration and inflammation-induced degradation results in multiple etiologies and complex pathogenesis of OA.Currently,there is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies for OA treatment.With the development of CRISPR-based genome,epigenome,and RNA editing tools,OA treatment has been improved by targeting genetic risk factors,activating chondrogenic elements,and modulating inflammatory regulators.Supported by cell therapy and in vivo delivery vectors,genome,epigenome,and RNA editing tools may provide a promising approach for personalized OA therapy.This review summarizes CRISPR-based genome,epigenome,and RNA editing tools that can be applied to the treatment of OA and provides insights into the development of CRISPR-based therapeutics for OA treatment.Moreover,in-depth evaluations of the efficacy and safety of these tools in human OA treatment are needed.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Genome editing Epigenone editing RNA editing

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Ultrathin two-dimensional medium-entropy oxide as a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2555-2562页

作者： Guangyuan Yan Tianlu Wang Biwei Zhao Wenjing Gao Tong Wu Liming ou School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

Medium-entropy oxides(MEOs)with broad compositional tunability and entropy-driven structural stability,are receiving booming attention as a promising candidate for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.Meanwhile,ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)nanostructure offers extremely large specific surface area and is therefore considered to be an ideal catalyst structure.However,it remains a grant challenge to synthesize ultrathin 2D MEOs due to distinct nucleation and growth kinetics of constituent multimetallic elements in 2D anisotropic systems.In this work,an ultrathin 2D MEO(MnFeCoNi)O was successfully synthesized by a facile and low-temperature ionic layer epitaxy method.Benefiting from multi-metal synergistic effects within ultrathin 2D nanostructure,this 2D MEO(MnFeCoNi)O revealed excellent OER electrocatalytic performance with a quite low overpotential of 117 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2) and an impressive stability for 120 h continuous operation with only 6.9%decay.Especially,the extremely high mass activity(5584.3 A·g^(-1))was three orders of magnitude higher than benchmark RuO_(2)(3.4 A·g^(-1))at the same overpotential of 117 mV.This work opens up a new avenue for developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts by creating 2D nanostructured MEOs.

关键词： medium-entropy oxide two-dimensional nanomaterials ionic layer epitaxy oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis

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Alleviating the anisotropic microstructural change and boosting the lithium ions diffusion by grain orientation regulation for Ni-rich cathode materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 213-222,I0005页

作者： Xinyou He Shilin Su Bao Zhang Zhiming Xiao Zibo Zhang Xing ou Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina Zhejiang Power New Energy Co.Ltd Zhuji 311899ZhejiangChina

Generally,layered Ni-rich cathode materials exhibit the morphology of polycrystalline secondary sphere composed of numerous primary particles.While the arrangement of primary particles plays a very important role in the properties of Ni-rich cathodes.The disordered particle arrangement is harmful to the cyclic performance and structural stability,yet the fundamental understanding of disordered structure on the structural degradation behavior is unclarified.Herein,we have designed three kinds of LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.11)O_(2) cathode materials with different primary particle orientations by regulating the precursor coprecipitation process.Combining finite element simulation and in-situ characterization,the Li^(+)transport and structure evolution behaviors of different materials are unraveled.Specifically,the smooth Li^(+)diffusion minimizes the reaction heterogeneity,homogenizes the phase transition within grains,and mitigates the anisotropic microstructural change,thereby modulating the crack evolution behavior.Meanwhile,the optimized structure evolution ensures radial tight junctions of the primary particles,enabling enhanced Li^(+)diffusion during dynamic processes.Closed-loop bidirectional enhancement mechanism becomes critical for grain orientation regulation to stabilize the cyclic performance.This precursor engineering with particle orientation regulation provides the useful guidance for the structural design and feature enhancement of Ni-rich layered cathodes.

关键词： Ni-rich cathode Grain orientation regulation Anisotropic microstructural change Precursor engineering Li~+-ions diffusion

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