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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen gu Hua yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2 in CO2 electroreduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 66-76页

作者： Lei Xue Tong Shi Chenhui Han Heng Zhang Fenrong Liu Haorun Li yan Wang Xiaojun gu Shanghong Zeng Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Catalysis Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University National Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Research and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths

Conversion of CO2back to hydrocarbons is the most direct way of closing the“carbon cycle”,and its significance is further enlarged if this process is driven by renewable energies such as ***,precisely controlling the product selectivity towards hydrocarbons against the competitive hydrogen evolution remains challenging,especially for Cu-based ***,we report a novel defect engineering strategy,by which Cu-doping-induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2nanorods were effectively created,with adjustable vacancy/Cu *** resulting optimum catalyst shows up to 79% catalytic current density to hydrocarbons （excluding CO）,with 49% faradaic efficiency to *** and density functional theory unveil that the ratio between oxygen vacancy and Cu affects significantly the formation of*CHO and activation of H2O,which leads to the following deep hydrogenation to *** findings may spur new insights for designing and developing more controllable chemical process relevant to CO2utilization.

关键词： Nanorods

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Recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 alleviates learning and memory impairments via M2 microglia polarization in postoperative cognitive dysfunction mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2727-2736页

作者： Yujia Liu Xue Han yan Su Yiming Zhou Minhui Xu Jiyan Xu Zhengliang Ma Xiaoping gu Tianjiao Xia Department of Anesthesiology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Medical School Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of *** date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive *** identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future *** identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial *** dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub ***,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re *** were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning *** addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western *** with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expr

关键词： Chil1 hippocampus learning and memory M2 microglia neuroinflammation postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) recombinant CHI3L1

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miRNA-21-5p is an important contributor to the promotion of injured peripheral nerve regeneration using hypoxia-pretreated bone marrow-derived neural crest cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 277-290页

作者： Meng Cong Jing-Jing Hu yan Yu Xiao-Li Li Xiao-Ting Sun Li-Ting Wang Xia Wu Ling-Jie Zhu Xiao-Jia yang Qian-ru He Fei Ding Hai-yan Shi School of Medicine Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Coinnovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Physiology Jiangsu Health Vocational CollegeNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Our previous study found that rat bone marrow–derived neural crest cells(acting as Schwann cell progenitors)have the potential to promote long-distance nerve ***-based therapy can enhance peripheral nerve repair and regeneration through paracrine bioactive factors and intercellular ***,the complex contributions of various types of soluble cytokines and extracellular vesicle cargos to the secretome remain *** investigate the role of the secretome and extracellular vesicles in repairing damaged peripheral nerves,we collected conditioned culture medium from hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cells,and found that it significantly promoted the repair of sensory neurons damaged by oxygen-glucose *** mRNA expression of trophic factors was highly expressed in hypoxia-pretreated neural crest *** performed RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis and found that miR-21-5p was enriched in hypoxia-pretreated extracellular vesicles of neural crest ***,to further clarify the role of hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cell extracellular vesicles rich in miR-21-5p in axonal growth and regeneration of sensory neurons,we used a microfluidic axonal dissociation model of sensory neurons in vitro,and found that hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cell extracellular vesicles promoted axonal growth and regeneration of sensory neurons,which was greatly dependent on loaded ***,we constructed a miR-21-5p-loaded neural conduit to repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats and found that the motor and sensory functions of injured rat hind limb,as well as muscle tissue morphology of the hind limbs,were obviously *** findings suggest that hypoxia-pretreated neural crest extracellular vesicles are natural nanoparticles rich in ***-21-5p is one of the main contributors to promoting nerve regeneration by the neural crest cell *** helps to explain the mechanism of action of the secretome and e

关键词： axotomy cell-free therapy conditioned medium extracellular vesicles hypoxic preconditioning microRNA oxygen-glucose deprivation peripheral nerve injury Schwann cell precursors

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Nanomaterials-mediated lysosomal regulation:a robust protein-clearance approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 424-439页

作者： Mengqi Hao Jianjian Chu Tinglin Zhang Tong Yin Yuankai gu Wendanqi Liang Wenbo Ji Jianhua Zhuang yan Liu Jie Gao You Yin Department of Neurology Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University(Shanghai Changzheng Hospital)ShanghaiChina School of Health Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina Changhai Clinical Research Unit Shanghai Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Clinical Pharmacy Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Neurology Shanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the ***,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular *** studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s *** the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s ***,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and ***,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical *** review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s *** review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal *** conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s *** application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease autophagy dysfunction lysosomal acidification lysosomal system nanomaterials neurodegenerative diseases

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Trinuclear gold-catalyzed site-selective alkylation of peptides

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 249-256页

作者： Qing-Yun Fang Chengyihan gu Yinghan Chen Wencheng yan Yong Liang Weipeng Li Chengjian Zhu Jie Han Jin Xie State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University

Selective modification of peptides has always been a challenging issue. The selective alkylation of peptides can alter the biological activity and physical properties of molecules, and it has gained significant research interest. We herein disclose an intriguing gold-catalyzed alkylation of peptides using bench-stable unactivated alkyl bromides under photoredox catalysis. A wide range of structurally diverse primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides serve as effective coupling partners to precisely connect with the α-C(sp3)–H in glycine residue of peptides. This protocol demonstrates an exceptionally broad scope for alkyl halides and excellent tolerance for a wide range of useful functional groups. A series of relay transformations to construct cyclic peptides, to proceed click reaction and to realize peptide fluorescence labeling further enhance its synthetic practicality. In addition, mechanistic studies and density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal an inner-sphere and subsequent outersphere single electron transfer(SET) mechanism.

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指向高质量课堂的听评课量表设计及其关键问题

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教学与管理 2025年第1期 24-28页

作者：户艳茹方妍清华大学教育研究院北京100084 清华大学附属中学北京100084

在建设高质量课堂的时代背景下,重新设计课堂听评课框架与维度,有助于倒逼教师专业成长,反促课堂提质增效。在深刻反思现有听评课量表存在不足、尤其是缺乏科学量化标准的前提下,重新设计的旨在提升课堂质量的听评课量表主要包括2个观... 详细信息

在建设高质量课堂的时代背景下,重新设计课堂听评课框架与维度,有助于倒逼教师专业成长,反促课堂提质增效。在深刻反思现有听评课量表存在不足、尤其是缺乏科学量化标准的前提下,重新设计的旨在提升课堂质量的听评课量表主要包括2个观察维度、6个观察要素、13个观察指标和26个观察点。在教学实践中应用这一听评课量表,需要注意凸显学生的主体性、全面性与个性化,构建民主平等的课堂生命共同体,展现时代风格与学校特色,形成良性教研文化和沟通合作机制。

关键词：高质量课堂听评课量表教研制度

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糖皮质激素联合抗结核药物治疗对结核性浆膜炎有效性、不良反应及病死率的Meta分析

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中国防痨杂志 2025年第1期47卷 77-86页

作者：石宜林顾岩内蒙古医科大学附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科A区呼和浩特010030 内蒙古自治区第四医院急诊科呼和浩特010000

目的:系统评价糖皮质激素联合抗结核药物治疗结核性浆膜炎有效率、不良反应及病死率的变化。方法:采用主题词与自由词相结合的方式,从中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed和Web of Science中检索糖皮质激素联合抗结... 详细信息

目的:系统评价糖皮质激素联合抗结核药物治疗结核性浆膜炎有效率、不良反应及病死率的变化。方法:采用主题词与自由词相结合的方式,从中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed和Web of Science中检索糖皮质激素联合抗结核药物治疗结核性浆膜炎的随机对照实验(RCT)并纳入研究文章中的参考文献,检索时限均从建库至2024年8月1日。中文检索词包括肺外结核、结核性脑膜炎、结核性胸膜炎、结核性心包炎、糖皮质激素、类固醇激素、地塞米松、甲泼尼龙等;英文检索词包括extrapulmonary tuberculosis,tuberculous meningitis,tuberculous pleurisy,tuberculous pericarditis,glucocorticoids,steroid hormones,dexamethasone,methylprednisolone等。由2名研究人员独立筛选文献、提取数据、评价文献质量后,采用Stata 15.1软件对纳入的数据进行异质性检验分析及发表偏倚分析,以对结核性浆膜炎在抗结核治疗的基础上应用糖皮质激素后的有效性、不良反应及病死率等进行综合评价。结果:共检索到相关文献4619篇,排除不符合入组标准的文献后最终纳入31篇文献、2410例患者进行Meta分析,其中,抗结核治疗联合糖皮质激素治疗组患者(观察组)1228例,仅抗结核治疗组患者(对照组)1182例;根据疾病类型将患者再分为结核性脑膜炎组(包括23项研究,观察组876例,对照组876例)、结核性胸膜炎组(包括6项研究,观察组280例,对照组276例)和结核性心包炎组(包括2项研究,观察组72例,对照组30例)。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,联合糖皮质激素对结核性脑膜炎、结核性胸膜炎和结核性心包炎的治疗有效性均更好[OR(95%CI)=4.63(3.48~6.17)、6.62(3.55~12.34)、7.92(2.44~25.66)]、对结核性脑膜炎的病死率更低[OR(95%CI)=0.45(0.23~0.87)],对结核性胸膜炎的不良反应更少[OR(95%CI)=0.31(0.18~0.52)]。结论:糖皮质激素联合抗结核药物治疗可提高结核性脑膜炎、结核性胸膜炎和结核性心包炎治疗有效性,降低结核性脑膜炎病死率和结核性胸膜炎药物不良反应。

关键词：结核浆膜炎抗结核药糖皮质激素类治疗结果 Meta分析(主题)

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Rigidity of closed submanifolds in a locally symmetric Riemannian manifold

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2016年第2期31卷 237-252页

作者： gu Juan-ru LENG yan XU Hong-wei Department of Applied Mathematics Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China Center of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Let Mn（n ≥ 4） be an oriented closed submanifold with parallel mean curvature in an （n ＋ p）-dimensional locally symmetric Riemannian manifold Nn＋p. We prove that if the sectional curvature of N is positively pinched in [5, 1], and the Ricci curvature of M satisfies a pinching condition, then M is either a totally umbilical submanifold, or δ= 1, and N is of constant curvature. This result generalizes the geometric rigidity theorem due to Xu and gu [15].

关键词： Submanifold Ejiri rigidity theorem Ricci curvature Mean curvature.

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The renaissance of oxo synthesis: heterogeneous Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Tao yan Zhi Cao State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd.

Hydroformylation could convert olefins and syngas （mixture of H2and CO） into aldehydes with a great atomic *** transformation serves as one of the most prominent processes in modern chemical industry, as it provides over 10million tons of aldehydes as feedstock for our daily essential products such as plasticizers, paints, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. This process generally requires efficient yet robust catalyst to realize decent efficacy. Compared with metals such as Co, ru, and Pd, rhodium （Rh）-based catalysts stand out due to its superior activity even under mild reaction conditions, and dominate over 70%of global hydroformylation processes.

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