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Pilot-scale studies of domestic wastewater treatment by typical constructed wetlands and their greenhouse gas emissions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第4期3卷 477-482页

作者： Chaoxiang LIU Kaiqin XU Ryuhei inamori Yoshitaka EBIE Jie LIAO Yuhei inamori Research Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management National Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukuba 305-8506Japan Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science Fukushima UniversityFukushima 960-1296Japan

Three typical constructed wetlands(CWs)including Vertical Flow(VF),Free Water Surface(FWS),and Subsurface Flow(SF),and combined VF-SF-FWS constructed wetlands were investigated for the treatment of domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio.The performance of nutrient removal and the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions,such as CH4 and N2O,from these CWs were compared.The results indicated that the four types of CWs had high removal efficiencies for organic matter and suspended solid(SS).The combined wetland also showed a comparatively good performance for nitrogen and phosphorus removal,and the removal efficiencies for total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were 81.3%and 84.5%,respectively.The combined CWs had a comparative lower global warming potential.The FWS CW had the highest tendency to emit CH4 and led to a higher global warming potential among the four types of CWs,which was about 586 mg CO_(2)/m^(2)·h.

关键词： global warming potential methane nitrous oxide low C/N ratio nitrogen phosphorus

Effect of hydraulic retention time on the hydrogen yield and population of Clostridium in hydrogen fermentation of glucose

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期21卷 424-428页

作者： CHU Chunfeng EBIE Yoshitaka inamori Yuhei KONG Hainan School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba 305-8506 Japan Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science Fukushima University Fukushima 960-1296 Japan

The conversion of glucose to hydrogen was evaluated using continuous stirred tank reactor at pH 5.5 with various hydraulic retention times （HRT） at 30℃. Furthermore, the population dynamics of hydrogen-producing bacteria was surveyed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization using probe Clost IV targeting the genus Clostridium based on 16S rRNA. It was clear that positive correlation was observed between the cells quantified with probe Clost IV and hydrogen yield of the respective sludge. The numbers of hydrogen- producing bacteria were decreased gradually with increasing HRT, were 9.2 × 10^8, 8.2 × 10^8, 2.8 × 10^8, and 6.2 × 10^7 cell/mL at HRT 6, 8, 12, and 14 h, respectively. The hydrogen yield was 1.4-1.5 mol H2/mol glucose at the optimum HRT range 6-8 h. It is considered that the percentage of the hydrogen-producing bacteria to total bacteria is useful parameter for evaluation of hydrogen production process.

关键词： bio-hydrogen fluorescence in-situ hybridization genus Clostridium

Distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 993-997页

作者： YAN Li Ryuhei inamori GUI Ping XU Kai-qin KONG Hai-nan Masatoshi Matsurnura Yuhei inamori School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute of Applied Biochemistry University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0006 Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan

A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH）, in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands（CW）, e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB） quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different Ioadings in summer from May to September. Results showed that the quantity of the AOB decreased in the Typha latifolia CW with the increase of vertical depth. However, the AOB quantity was 2-4 times the quantity of the control in the root area. Additionally, ORP in the rhizosphere was found to be higher than other areas, which showed that Typha latifolia CW was in an aerobic state in summer when using simulated non-point sewage at the rural area of Taihu Lake in China and small town combined sewage.

关键词： constructed wetland（CW） fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH） ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） Typha/atifo/ia（cattail）

Increased tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 expression in human colorectal adenomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第38期18卷 5360-5368页

作者： Kunihiro Hosono Eiji Yamada Hiroki Endo Hirokazu Takahashi Masahiko inamori Yoshitaka Hippo Hitoshi Nakagama Atsushi Nakajima Division of Gas-troenterology Yokohama City University School of Medicine Yokohama 2360004 Japan Division of Cancer Development System National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo 1040045 Japan

AIM: To determine the expression statuses of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, its receptors (TNF-R) and downstream effector molecules in human colorectal adenomas. METHODS: We measured the serum concentrations of TNF-α and its receptors in 62 colorectal adenoma patients and 34 healthy controls. The protein expression of TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2 and downstream signals of the TNF receptors, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor-κ B and caspase-3, were also investigated in human colorectal adenomas and in normal colorectal mucosal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to investigate the consistency of expression of TNF-R1 and phospho-JNK (p-JNK). RESULTS: The serum levels of soluble TNF-R1 (sTNF-R1) in adenoma patients were significantly higher than in the control group (3.67 ± 0.86 ng/mL vs 1.57 ± 0.72 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the high diagnostic sensitivity of TNF-R1 measurements (AUC was 0.928) for the diagnosis of adenoma, and the best cut-off level of TNF-R1 was 2.08 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 93.4% and a specificity of 82.4%. There were no significant differences in the serum levels of TNF-α or sTNF-R2 between the two groups. Immunohistochemistry showed high levels of TNF-R1 and p-JNK expression in the epithelial cells of adenomas. Furthermore, a high incidence of co-localization of TNF-R1 and p-JNK was identified in adenoma tissue. CONCLUSION: TNF-R1 may be a promising biomarker of colorectal adenoma, and it may also play an important role in the very early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis.

关键词：肿瘤坏死因子受体肠腺人类 caspase-3 血清浓度共聚焦显微镜免疫组化 c-Jun

Quantum Measurement Cannot Be a Local Physical Process

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2019年第4期9卷 171-178页

作者： Hitoshi inamori Société Générale Puteaux France

According to quantum mechanics, the outcome of an experiment exists relative to an Experimenter who performs a measurement on the system under study. Witnessing the outcome of an experience requires the measurement on a physical system whose size must match the complexity of the Experimenter’s observation. We argue that such a physical system must have a certain space-time extension so that it can encode the rich and complex data embedded in the witnessed experience. The complementarity principle in quantum mechanics leads us to conjecture that the observable events constituting an experience have space-like separation with each other. This seems to be in contradiction with our perceived locality of physical laws, and encourages us to think that the act of measurement is not a physical process, in the sense that a measurement outcome witnessed by an Experimenter is not necessarily related to the physical description of the Experimenter observed from the outside.

关键词： Quantum Measurement Theory Locality of Quantum Mechanical Laws

Is Independent Choice Possible?

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2016年第1期6卷 39-43页

作者： Hitoshi inamori Société Générale Boulevard Franck Kupka Puteaux France

This paper questions the generally accepted assumption that one can make a random choice that is independent of the rest of the universe. We give a general description of any setup that could be conceived to generate random numbers. Based on the fact that the initial state of such setup together with its environment cannot be known, we show that the independence of its generated output cannot be guaranteed. Some consequences of this theoretical limitation are discussed.

关键词： Random Number Generation Independence Entanglement

No Quantum Process Can Explain the Existence of the Preferred Basis: Decoherence Is Not Universal

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2016年第3期6卷 214-222页

作者： Hitoshi inamori Société Générale Boulevard Franck Kupka Puteaux France

Environment induced decoherence, and other quantum processes, have been proposed in the literature to explain the apparent spontaneous selection—out of the many mathematically eligible bases—of a privileged measurement basis that corresponds to what we actually observe. This paper describes such processes, and demonstrates that—contrary to common belief—no such process can actually lead to a preferred basis in general. The key observation is that environment induced decoherence implicitly assumes a prior independence of the observed system, the observer and the environment. However, such independence cannot be guaranteed, and we show that environment induced decoherence does not succeed in establishing a preferred measurement basis in general. We conclude that the existence of the preferred basis must be postulated in quantum mechanics, and that changing the basis for a measurement is, and must be, described as an actual physical process.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics Measurement Preferred Basis Entanglement

Endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第26期18卷 3477-3478页

作者： Tomoyuki Akiyama Yusuke Sekino Hiroshi Iida Shigeru Koyama Eiji Gotoh Shin Maeda Atsushi Nakajima Masahiko inamori Department of Gastroenterology Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo HospitalTokyo 150-0013Japan Gastroenterology Division Yokohama City University HospitalYokohama 2360004Japan Department of Medical Education Yokohama City University School of MedicineYokohama 2360004Japan Office of Postgraduate Medical Education Yokohama City University HospitalYokohama 2360004Japan

The Prague C and M Criteria have been developed for the objective endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus(BE).BE arises between the squamocolumnar junction and the gastroesophageal junction at the proximal margin of the gastric folds.In this study,we reported that 43.0% of the subjects examined were diagnosed with BE based on the Prague C and M Criteria.Previous criticism by John Dent proposed that our data should be considered invalid because the prevalence of BE reported in our study was extraordinarily high and discordant with previous studies.Dent predicted that the position of the gastroesophageal junction in our study was judged to be lower than the actual position due to the effacement of the proximal ends of the gastric folds because of the routine use of a high degree of air distension during typical Japanese endoscopic examinations.The endoscopic evaluation of the superior gastric folds is certainly influenced by the degree of air distension of the esophagus.However,in our study,the proximal limit of the gastric mucosal folds was prospectively imaged while the oesophagus was minimally insufflated.Then,under a high level of air distension,the distal ends of the palisade-shaped longitudinal vessels were imaged because they are more easily observed when distended.In the majority of patients,the distal ends of the palisade-shaped longitudinal vessels correspond to the proximal limit of the gastric mucosal folds.Our endoscopic evaluation was appropriately performed according to the Prague C and M Criteria.We suspect that the high prevalence of BE in our study may be due to the inclusion of ultrashort-segment BE,which defines BE with an affected mucosal length under 5 mm,in our positive results.

关键词：内镜食管诊断胃粘膜布拉格交界处患病率标准

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