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Experimental demonstration of a photonic spiking neuron based on a DFB laser subject to side-mode optical pulse injection

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 271-280页

作者： Shuiying XIANG Shuang GAO yuechun shi Yuna ZHANG Ziwei SONG Xingxing GUO Yahui ZHANG Yuxin MA Xiangfei CHEN State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University Yongjiang Laboratory 3. College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a simple and novel photonic spiking neuron based on a distributed feedback(DFB) laser subject to side-mode optical pulse injection(SMOPI). The DFB laser chip is designed and fabricated based on asymmetric equivalent π phase shift(π-EPS) with the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp(REC) technique. Under side-mode continuous-wave(CW) optical injection,excitability pulse was experimentally observed during the dominant mode switching process due to the injection-locked effect. Based on the transition between the excitability regime and the side-mode injection locking effect, the controllable and repeatable neuron-like spiking response can be realized when external stimulus pulses are electro-optically modulated on the CW optical carrier. The experimental results show that the spike threshold, temporal integration, and refractory period, which are important spike processing mechanisms in biological neurons, can all be achieved in the optically-injected DFB laser. The experimental findings are also verified numerically with a rate equation model that considers the SMOPI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of a photonic spiking neuron based on a DFB laser subject to SMOPI, which holds promise for realizing large-scale photonic spiking neuron arrays for hardware photonic spiking neural network chips.

关键词： neuromorphic photonics photonic spiking neuron DFB laser side-mode optical pulse injections

Spiking information processing in a single photonic spiking neuron chip with double integrated electronic dendrites

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Photonics Research 2023年第12期11卷 2033-2041页

作者： YAHUI ZHANG SHUIYING XIANG XINGXING GUO YANAN HAN yuechun shi XIANGFEI CHEN GENQUAN HAN YUE HAO State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Yongjiang Laboratory Ningbo 315202China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Ministry of EducationNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesInstitute of Optical Communication EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Dendrites,branches of neurons that transmit signals between synapses and soma,play a vital role in spiking information processing,such as nonlinear integration of excitatory and inhibitory ***,the investigation of nonlinear integration of dendrites in photonic neurons and the fabrication of photonic neurons including dendritic nonlinear integration in photonic spiking neural networks(SNNs)remain open ***,we fabricate and integrate two dendrites and one soma in a single Fabry–Perot laser with an embedded saturable absorber(FP-SA)neuron to achieve nonlinear integration of excitatory and inhibitory *** that the two intrinsic electrodes of the gain section and saturable absorber(SA)section in the FP-SA neuron are defined as two dendrites for two ports of stimuli reception,with one electronic dendrite receiving excitatory stimulus and the other receiving inhibitory *** stimuli received by two electronic dendrites are integrated non-linearly in a single FP-SA neuron,which generates spikes for photonic *** properties of frequency encoding and spatiotemporal encoding are investigated experimentally in a single FP-SA neuron with two electronic *** SNNs equipped with FP-SA neurons,the range of weights between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons is varied from negative to positive values by biasing the gain and SA sections of FP-SA *** with SNN with all-positive weights realized by only biasing the gain section of photonic neurons,the recognition accuracy of Iris flower data is improved numerically in SNN consisting of FP-SA *** results show great potential for multi-functional integrated photonic SNN chips.

关键词： electronic absorber weights

Nonlinear neural computation in an integrated FP-SA spiking neuron subject to incoherent dual-wavelength optical pulse injections

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 299-300页

作者： Ziwei SONG Shuiying XIANG Xingxing GUO Shuang GAO Biling GU Dianzhuang ZHENG Xiangfei CHEN yuechun shi State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian University 2. Yongjiang Laboratory Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Ministry of EducationNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesInstitute of Optical Communication EngineeringNanjing University

Photonic nonlinear computation is the critical cornerstone of photonic neuromorphic computing. As one of the key information function units in the photonic spiking neural networks, the photonic spiking neurons are responsible for the nonlinear computation of the network. Recently, the neuron-like nonlinear computation of the photonic spiking neuron has attracted considerable attention.

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Experimental demonstration of coherent photonic neural computing based on a Fabry–Perot laser with a saturable absorber

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Photonics Research 2023年第1期11卷 65-71页

作者： DIANZHUANG ZHENG SHUIYING XIANG XINGXING GUO YAHUI ZHANG BILING GU HONGJI WANG ZHENZHEN XU XIAOJUN ZHU yuechun shi YUE HAO State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian UniversityXi'an 710071China State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology School of MicroelectronicsXidian UniversityXi'an 710071China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Ministry of EducationNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesInstitute of Optical Communication EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China Yongjiang Laboratory Ningbo 315202China

As Moore’s law has reached its limits,it is becoming increasingly difficult for traditional computing architectures to meet the demands of continued growth in computing *** neural computing has become a promising approach to overcome the von Neuman ***,while photonic neural networks are good at linear computing,it is difficult to achieve nonlinear ***,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a coherent photonic spiking neural network consisting of Mach–Zehnder modulators(MZMs)as the synapse and an integrated quantum-well Fabry–Perot laser with a saturable absorber(FP-SA)as the photonic spiking *** linear computation and nonlinear computation are realized in the *** such a coherent architecture,two presynaptic signals are modulated and weighted with two intensity modulation MZMs through the same optical *** nonlinear neuron-like dynamics including temporal integration,threshold,and refractory period are successfully ***,the effects of frequency detuning on the nonlinear neuron-like dynamics are also explored,and the frequency detuning condition is *** proposed hardware architecture plays a foundational role in constructing a large-scale coherent photonic spiking neural network.

关键词： tuning laser neural

Photonic integrated spiking neuron chip based on a self-pulsating DFB laser with a saturable absorber

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光子学研究:英文版 2023年第8期11卷 1382-1389页

作者： yuechun shi SHUIYING XIANG XINGXING GUO YAHUI ZHANG HONGJI WANG DIANZHUANG ZHENG YUNA ZHANG YANAN HAN YONG ZHAO XIAOJUN ZHU XIANGFEI CHEN XUN LI YUE HAO Yongjiang Laboratory Ningbo 315202China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation Ministry of EducationNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesInstitute of Optical Communication EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Science Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonOantario L8S 4K1Canada

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a simple and novel photonic spiking neuron based on a distributed feedback(DFB)laser chip with an intracavity saturable absorber(SA).The DFB laser with an intracavity SA(DFBSA)contains a gain region and an SA *** gain region is designed and fabricated by the asymmetric equivalentπ-phase shift based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp *** properly injected current in the gain region and reversely biased voltage in the SA region,periodic self-pulsation was experimentally observed due to the Q-switching *** self-pulsation frequency increases with the increase of the bias current and is within the range of several *** the bias current is below the self-pulsation threshold,neuronlike spiking responses appear when external optical stimulus pulses are *** results show that the spike threshold,temporal integration,and refractory period can all be observed in the fabricated DFB-SA *** numerically verify the experimental findings,a time-dependent coupled-wave equation model was developed,which described the physics processes inside the gain and SA *** numerical results agree well with the experimental *** further experimentally demonstrated that the weighted sum output can readily be encoded into the self-pulsation frequency of the DFB-SA *** also benchmarked the handwritten digit classification task with a simple single-layer fully connected neural *** using the experimentally measured dependence of the self-pulsation frequency on the bias current in the gain region as an activation function,we can achieve a recognition accuracy of 92.2%,which bridges the gap between the continuous valued artificial neural networks and spike-based neuromorphic *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first experimental demonstration of a photonic integrated spiking neuron based on a DFB-SA,which shows great potential to realizing large-scale mult

关键词： technique laser saturable

First demonstration of 1.3μm quarter-wavelength shift distributed feedback(DFB) semiconductor laser based on conventional photolithography

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Science China Technological Sciences 2013年第3期56卷 554-557页

作者： LU LinLin shi yuechun CHEN XiangFei National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University

A 1.3 μm distributed feedback(DFB) semiconductor laser with equivalent λ/4 phase shift based on reconstruction equivalent chirp(REC) technique is numerically studied and experimentally *** simulation results show that the 1.3 μm DFB laser with equivalent λ/4 phase shift based on the REC technique performs the same as that of actual λ/4 phase shift DFB laser,with nearly the same P-I curves,the internal power distributions and the output ASE *** with the traditional λ/4 phase shift DFB laser,the REC based laser only changes the sampling structures with the uniform seed waveguide grating instead of the actual grating *** a result,the fabrication of such laser will be very *** this paper,we successfully fabricated the 1.3 μm DFB laser based on the REC technique for the first time to the best of our knowledge.

关键词： λ/4 phase shift distributed feedback(DFB) semiconductor laser reconstruction equivalent chirp(REC) technique

Photonic integrated neuro-synaptic core for convolutional spiking neural network

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2023年第11期6卷 29-42页

作者： Shuiying Xiang yuechun shi Yahui Zhang Xingxing Guo Ling Zheng Yanan Han Yuna Zhang Ziwei Song Dianzhuang Zheng Tao Zhang Hailing Wang Xiaojun Zhu Xiangfei Chen Min Qiu Yichen Shen Wanhua Zheng Yue Hao State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Yongjiang Laboratory No.1792 Cihai South RoadNingbo 315202China The School of Communications and Information Engineering Xi’an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi’an 710121China Laboratory of Solid-State Optoelectronics Information Technology Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China The College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Lightelligence Group Hangzhou 311121China

Neuromorphic photonic computing has emerged as a competitive computing paradigm to overcome the bottlenecks of the von-Neumann *** weighting and nonlinear spike activation are two fundamental functions of a photonic spiking neural network(PSNN).However,they are separately implemented with different photonic materials and devices,hindering the large-scale integration of ***,we propose,fabricate and experimentally demonstrate a photonic neuro-synaptic chip enabling the simultaneous implementation of linear weighting and nonlinear spike activation based on a distributed feedback(DFB)laser with a saturable absorber(DFB-SA).A prototypical system is experimentally constructed to demonstrate the parallel weighted function and nonlinear spike ***,a fourchannel DFB-SA laser array is fabricated for realizing matrix convolution of a spiking convolutional neural network,achieving a recognition accuracy of 87%for the MNIST *** fabricated neuro-synaptic chip offers a fundamental building block to construct the large-scale integrated PSNN chip.

关键词： neuromorphic computation photonic spiking neuron photonic integrated DFB-SA array convolutional spiking neural network

Transient mode competition in directly modulated DFB semiconductor laser

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第12期58卷 187-192页

作者： XIAO RuLei shi yuechun ZHENG JiLin ZHANG YunShan ZHENG JunShou CHEN XiangFei National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Photonics Information Technology Laboratory Institute of Communication Engineering PLA University of Science and Technology

A new effect of transient mode competition in directly modulated DFB laser based on equivalent phase-shift(EPS) technique is presented and studied. Since there are multi-order reflections in EPS structure and if the 0th order subgrating is properly designed, the transient lasing of 0th order will occur during the rising time of the injection current. As a result, transient mode competition between ?1st order(main mode) and 0th order will occur accordingly. This can consume redundant carrier and suppress the transient relaxation oscillation, which may be applied in some areas like on-off switching modulation of DFB semiconductor lasers. As an example, an equivalent ? phase shift(?-EPS) is carefully designed to realize the effect. In such a laser the 0th order wavelength is in the margin of the material gain region and the ?1st order wavelength is around the gain peak, while the stable single longitudinal mode(SLM) operation of the ?1st order is guaranteed. The simulation investigation is performed. Good results with suppressed relaxation oscillation and 1.25 Gb/s directly on-off modulation(32 d B extinction ratio) are demonstrated. We believe it provides a new kind of method for on-off switching with high extinction ratio and weak relaxation oscillation.

关键词： DFB激光器半导体激光器瞬态激光直接调制模式竞争弛豫振荡激光波长激光器调制

Periodic structural defects in Bragg gratings and their application in multiwavelength devices

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Photonics Research 2016年第2期4卷 35-40页

作者： Rulei Xiao yuechun shi Renjia Guo Ting Chen Lijun Hao Xiangfei Chen National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University

In this paper, we present the finding that periodic structural defects(PSDs) along a Bragg grating can shift the Bragg wavelength. This effect is theoretically analyzed and confirmed by numerical calculation. We find that the Bragg wavelength shift is determined by the defect size and the period of the defects. The Bragg wavelength can be well tuned by properly designing the PSDs, and this may provide an alternative method to fabricate grating-based multiwavelength devices, including optical filter arrays and laser arrays. In regards to wavelength precision, the proposed method has an advantage over the traditional methods, where the Bragg wavelengths are changed directly by changing the grating period. In addition, the proposed method can maintain grating strength when tuning the wavelength since only the period of defects is changed. This will be a benefit for devices such as arrays.

关键词： Periodic structural defects in Bragg gratings and their application in multiwavelength devices RGS