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Human disturbance exacerbated erosion and deposition in the karst peak-cluster depressions during the Ming and Qing dynasties

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Science china Earth {1. 2024年第11期67卷 3550-3561页

作者： Shuai yuan Yuemin YUE Xinbao {1. Lu WANG Lu ZHAI Kelin WANG Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of sciences institute of {1. {2. and {3. Ministry of Water Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Under the background of large-scale ecological restoration, china's southwestern karst region has become a hotspot of global vegetation cover “greening” in the past{1. years. However, because of geological constraints, it is difficult to restore the forest landscapes in some areas. It is urgent to understand the impacts of human disturbances during the historical period on the difficult-to-forestation rocky-desertification areas of the karst region in order to guide future afforestation. In this study, we quantified the changes of specific sediment yield in typical karst depressions over the past 500 years by using1.2}Cs,2.0Pb, and1.C dating methods in karst depressions, and identified the main human disturbances related to historical erosion and sedimentation by combining with historical data. The results showed that the erosion and sedimentation of the three depressions in 1.2.–1.63.were significantly higher than that in 1.63.2.2., and the sedimentation rate(0.64–1.3. cm a-1. and the specific sediment yield(2.51.1.2}1. t ha-1.-1. during Ming and Qing dynasties（1.04–1.1.3} were higher than the sedimentation rate(0.2.–0.95 cm a-1. and specific sediment yield(0.95–6.99 t ha-1.-1. in the recent century（1.2.–2.2.）. Reconstruction data and literature from the Ming and Qing dynasties show an empirical link between changes in population, arable land, food, forest area,and deforestation events during the same period. It was found that the population and arable land in Guangxi increased more than three-fold and the forest area decreased significantly in the 1.th century after the migration of the Yao ethnic group and the introduction of maize to the region, which may be the main reason for intensifying the erosion of depressions. This study is of great significance to understanding the evolution history of rocky desertification in this region and to answer the potential of afforestation.

关键词： Karst region 1.C dating Peak-cluster depressions Ethnic minirity migration Specific sediment yield

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Impoverishment of Soil Nutrients in Gully Erosion Areas in yuanmou Basin

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2003年第3B期8卷 1034-1040页

作者： zhang Jian-guo, Li Hui-xia, He Xiao-rong, Sheng Xin-ju, Fan Jian-rong, Zhu Bo{1. of {2. {3. and environment, chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 610041, sichuan, china institute of {1. {2. and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 SichuanChina

The impoverishment of soil nutrients of nine gully head areas in yuanmou Basin is assessed through an integrated evaluation method established on the basis of Fuzzy mathematics and multivariate mathematical theory. Results show that soil erosion of gully erosion area in yuanmou basin has resulted in severe impoverishment of soil nutrients. All gully head areas are at high leves of impoverishment except for one at middle. By probing into and analyzing the mechanism of impoverishment of soil nutrients, we find that soil erosion has led to impoverishment of soil nutrients in a way of compacting soil, heightening position of obstacle horizon, and reducing the content of organic matter, as well as the direct loss of nutrient elements. Finally, this paper points out that soil and water conservation arming at the prevention of soil erosion is the most effective way against impoverishment of soil nutrients in yuanmou basin.

关键词： dry red soil soil erosion soil nutrients impoverishment integrated evaluation

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5·1.0}川汶川地震次声波

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山地学报 2009年第5期27卷 637-640页

作者：章书成余南阳中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所西南交通大学机械学院

DFW-ⅠⅢ型泥石流次声警报器完整地记录了5·1.0}川8.0级地震及以后多次>{1.0级余震的地震次声波资料。分析表明,此地震次声波为一确定性信号,卓越频率为2.{1.z,其声压随地震震级而变,5·1.0}震时的声压>40Pa。记录的5·1.0}震时间较之... 详细信息

DFW-ⅠⅢ型泥石流次声警报器完整地记录了5·1.0}川8.0级地震及以后多次>{1.0级余震的地震次声波资料。分析表明,此地震次声波为一确定性信号,卓越频率为2.{1.z,其声压随地震震级而变,5·1.0}震时的声压>40Pa。记录的5·1.0}震时间较之公布的地震发生时间提前约1.in。希望地震次声波能引起相关研究者的兴趣和重视,并进一步探索相关的机理。

关键词： 5·1.0}震地震次声波频谱

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Analysis on the Dynamical Process of Donghekou Rockslide-Debris Flow Triggered by 5.1.0}Wenchuan Earthquake

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Journal of mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 140-148页

作者： SUN Ping zhang Yongshuang SHI Jusong CHEN Liwei Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement & Geohazard Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing China institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China china Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation Ltd. Beijing China

Among the geo-hazards caused by the great Wenchuan Earthquake, the rapid and long runout rockslide-debris flow is of primary concern due to the large volume of displaced material and the resultant catastrophic impacts to the landscape and socioeconomic structure. In order to analyze the dynamical process of this kind of geo-hazard, the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow is given as an example in this paper. This event, which killed 780 people, initiated at an elevation of 1.1.0 m with a total long run-out distance of more than 2.00 m. The slide mass is mainly composed of dolomite limestone and siliceous limestone of Sinian system, together with carbon slate and phyllite of Cambrian. During the processes from slide initiation to the final cessation of slide movement, five dynamic stages took place, here identified as the initiation stage, the acceleration of movement stage, the air-blast effect stage, the impact and redirection stage and the long runout slidematerial accumulation stage. Field investigations indicate that due to the effects of the earthquake, the dynamics of the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow are apparently controlled by geologic and tectonic conditions, the local geomorphological aspects of the terrain, and the microstructural and macroscopic mechanical properties of rocks which compose the slide mass. These three main factors which dictate the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow dynamics are discussed in detail in this paper, and significant results of field investigations and tests of materials are presented. The above dynamical processes are analyzed in this paper, and some useful conclusions have been gained.

关键词： Dynamical process Donghekou Rockslide-debris flow Wenchuan earthquake

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Mathematical Analyses for the influence of Soil Conditions and Nntrient Interactions on Cotton Yields

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Pedosphere 1994年第3期4卷 255-263页

作者： zhang JIANHUI TANG SHIJIA LUO YOUFANG HU CHANGQING and YANGXIAO(Department of Soil Science, {1. of {2. {3. and environment, chinese academy of sciencesand Ministcy of Water Conseruancy, chengdu 61.O41.(china))(Cotton {1., Si

he influence of soil chemical properties and soil nutrition on cotton yields was studied by means ofestablishing mathematical models. The nultivariate quadratic regression equations developed by a stepwiseregression method not only presented the single effect of soil factors but also displayed the interaction (syn-ergistic or antagonistic) of soil nutrients. The effect of individual factor and the way of nutrient interactionwere further analysed by the path analysis method. The results showed that among major factors affectingcotton yields, there existed the interactions between macronutrients(available P × available K), and betweenmacronutrients and microelements (N×Zn, P×Mo, P×Cu, P × Zn, K×Mo) besides the single effect of soilpH, total P, available Cu and available Zn.

关键词： combined effect cotton yield multivariate quadratic regression path analysis soil nutrient

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Antecedent snowmelt and orographic precipitation contributions to water supply of Pakistan disastrous floods,2.2.

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 419-430页

作者： Yan WANG Peng CUI Chen-Di zhang Guo-Tao zhang Jian-Sheng HAO Xu {2. Yao-Zhi JIANG Lu WANG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of mountain {1. and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Polar and Marine Research institute College of Harbor and Coastal EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamen 361021China School of Resources and environment University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Hebei Province Tangshan Caofeidian Meteorological Bureau Tangshan 063000China

In 2.{1.,the Pakistan witnessed the hottest spring and wettest summer in *** devastating floods inundated a large portion of Pakistan and caused enormous ***,the primary water source and its contributions to these unprecedented floods remain *** on the reservoir inflow measurements,Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation(MSWEP),the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis(ERA5)products,this study quantified the contributions of monsoon precipitation,antecedent snow-melts,and orographic precipitation enhancement to floods in *** found that the Indus experienced at least four inflow up-rushes,which was mainly supplied by precipitation and snowmelt;In upper Indus,abnormally high temperature continued to influence the whole summer and lead to large amounts of snowmelts which not only was a key water supply to the flood but also provided favorable soil moisture conditions for the latter *** July,the snowmelt has higher contributions than the precipitation to the streamflow of Indus River,with contribution value of more than 60%.Moreover,the snowmelt could still supply 2.%-40%water to the lower Indus in July and August;The leading driver of 2.{1. mega-floods over the southern Pakistan in July and August was dominated by the precipitation,where terrain disturbance induced precipitation account to approximately 3.%over the southern *** results help to understand the mechanisms of flood formation,and to better predict future flood risks over complex terrain regions.

关键词： Extreme heavy rainfall Snowmelt Orographic precipitation Floods Pakistan

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元胞自动机在模拟土壤侵蚀时空演化过程中的应用

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水土保持研究 2005年第6期12卷 58-60,155页

作者：原立峰周启刚中科院成都山地灾害与环境研究所

土壤侵蚀作为一个全球性的环境问题已经越来越受到人们的广泛关注。动态模拟和预测土壤侵蚀的发育及演化过程具有十分重要的意义。元胞自动机(C e llu lar A u tom ata简称CA)是一种“自下而上”的动态模拟建模框架,具有模拟地理复杂系... 详细信息

土壤侵蚀作为一个全球性的环境问题已经越来越受到人们的广泛关注。动态模拟和预测土壤侵蚀的发育及演化过程具有十分重要的意义。元胞自动机(C e llu lar A u tom ata简称CA)是一种“自下而上”的动态模拟建模框架,具有模拟地理复杂系统时空演化过程的能力。从元胞自动机的概念和原理入手,介绍了CA模型的特征及其在土壤侵蚀学科中的应用情况和存在问题,对CA模型应用于土壤侵蚀过程的模拟、预测的可行性和可操作性进行了探讨。

关键词：元胞自动机复杂性时空模拟地理模型

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Nutrient enrichment driven by canopy rainfall redistribution:Mechanism,quantification,and pattern

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Science china Earth {1. 2024年第5期67卷 1529-1544页

作者： Chuan yuan Xiaoping YUE Yafeng {1. Yu {1. Yanting HU Qiang TANG Li GUO Shuai WANG Xingwu DUAN Wenhua XIANG Xiaohua WEI Xiaoyan LI College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Chongqing Jinfo mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Geographical sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development Institute of International Rivers and Eco-securityYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Department of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia(Okanagan)KelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada

Vegetation canopies intercept and redistribute rainfall into throughfall and stemflow,which transfer substantial amounts of elements into the soil,influencing soil microbial community,plant survival,and plant community *** advancements in ecohydrological research,the implication of nutrient enrichment resulting from this redistribution of rainfall by canopies remains largely *** address this gap,we conducted a systematic review of 1.2. papers published between{1.00 and{1.2.,gathering data on nutrient concentration and enrichment for critical ions(including K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2.),Mg^(2.),NH_(4)^(+),Cl^(-),NO_(3.^(-)and SO_(4)^(2.))from the Web of Science and {2. Knowledge Infrastructure *** aimed to synthesize the mechanisms,quantify the enrichments,and identify global patterns of nutrient enrichment in stemflow and throughfall across climate zones,and vegetation types and *** results of this study indicate that stemflow exhibits,on average,2.1.imes greater ion concentration(6.1.6}mg L^(-1.)compared to *** particular,among the investigated ions,SO_(4)^(2.)(1.0}45and 6.3.0}mg L^(-1.)for stemflow and throughfall,respectively,and Cl^(-)(9.2. and 4.81.mg L^(-1.)exhibit the highest concentrations in both rainfall redistribution components,while K^(+)(1.6}7 and 5.8)and Mg^(2.)(5.6 and{1.8)have the highest enrichment *** climate zones,throughfall and stemflow show the lowest ion concentrations but the highest enrichment factors in extremely humid *** the temperature gradient,ion concentrations are the highest in cold climates with no clear patterns observed for enrichment factors with increasing *** addition,shrubs,conifers,mixed forests,and artificial ecosystems demonstrate enrichment factors 1.1.to 3.0 times greater than those of trees,broad-leaved plants,pure forests,and natural *** findings emphasize the need for increased attentions to artificial ecosystems,such as urban

关键词： Ecohydrology Rainfall redistribution Nutrients transport Enrichment characteristics Climate zones

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有关湖泊沉积1.0}Cs深度分布资料解译的探讨

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山地学报 2005年第3期23卷 294-299页

作者：张信宝中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041

讨论了国内有关湖泊沉积1.0}Cs断代资料解译的一些问题。一些高寒地区的湖泊,上世纪60年代主核爆期以后,入湖泥沙的1.0}Cs含量变化不大,因此沉积剖面1.0}Cs浓度达峰值后无明显降低趋势。一些浅水湖泊,由于人类活动扰动湖底表层泥沙,剖面表... 详细信息

讨论了国内有关湖泊沉积1.0}Cs断代资料解译的一些问题。一些高寒地区的湖泊,上世纪60年代主核爆期以后,入湖泥沙的1.0}Cs含量变化不大,因此沉积剖面1.0}Cs浓度达峰值后无明显降低趋势。一些浅水湖泊,由于人类活动扰动湖底表层泥沙,剖面表层泥沙的1.0}Cs浓度比较均一。根据核尘埃沉降监测资料,中国湖泊沉积应存在明显的1.63.1.0}Cs蓄积峰,不应存在所谓的1.74年1.0}Cs次蓄积峰,可能存在不很明显的1.86年次蓄积峰。沉积剖面中1.0}Cs浓度的深度变化,不仅和1.0}Cs大气沉降通量变化有关,也和流域内近几十年来的环境变化有关,1.63.以后的1.0}Cs次蓄积峰的确定要慎重。黔中红枫湖沉积物1.0}Cs面积活度高于滇西湖泊,主要是由于石漠化严重的喀斯特山地,裸岩面积大,裸岩坡地几无土壤吸附1.0}Cs尘埃,核爆期间1.0}Cs降尘随降雨径流直接流失进入湖泊比例高的缘故,不是青藏高原的大气污染物散落屏蔽效应的结果。

关键词：湖泊沉积 1.0}Cs 深度分布解译

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台湾“莫拉克”台风诱发山地灾害成因与启示

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山地学报 2010年第1期28卷 103-115页

作者：崔鹏陈树群苏凤环张建强中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所中兴大学水土保持系中国科学院研究生院

2.09-07'莫拉克'台风在台湾岛内滞留大于40h,受中央山脉地形以及西南季风的影响,形成'北部风强,南部雨大'的局面。本次降雨为台湾历年之冠,2.h降雨量1.2.mm,48h雨量2.67mm,逼近世界降雨极值。全台湾计有3.个雨量站过程降雨量超过1.00mm... 详细信息

2.09-07'莫拉克'台风在台湾岛内滞留大于40h,受中央山脉地形以及西南季风的影响,形成'北部风强,南部雨大'的局面。本次降雨为台湾历年之冠,2.h降雨量1.2.mm,48h雨量2.67mm,逼近世界降雨极值。全台湾计有3.个雨量站过程降雨量超过1.00mm,2.个雨量站超过1.00mm,1.个雨量站超过2.00mm,南部部分区域甚至出现6～1.日累积降雨量超过其年降雨量情形。最大总雨量位于阿里山,2.09-08-06～1.累计雨量达2.84mm。长时间持续强降雨,造成了大量的泥石流、堰塞湖、崩塌、滑坡、山洪等山地灾害。大量的崩塌、滑坡阻塞河道,形成了1.处堰塞湖。这些灾害淤埋村镇,毁坏道路、桥梁、堤防、建筑、输电和通讯设施。由于道路交通受损,电力、通讯信号中断,使得许多村庄与外部隔绝,成为孤岛,救援设施与救援物资无法到达灾区,延缓救援进度。受灾较重的乡镇有高雄县甲仙乡、桃源乡、六龟乡、那玛夏乡、杉林乡,南投县鹿谷乡、信义乡、国姓乡,嘉义县阿里山乡、梅山乡、中埔乡,屏东县高树乡、三地门乡、春日乡,台南县南化乡,台东县金峰乡等。截至2.09-08,造成全台共61.人死亡、肢体74件、76人失踪,其中小林村和新开部落被完全毁灭。台风暴雨、陡峻地形和丰富的松散固体物质等自然因素决定了山地灾害形成的基本因素,高强度长历时的暴雨是直接激发因素,坡地过度开发、道路建设、河道不合理利用等人为因素则加剧了灾情。莫拉克台风暴雨灾害对人们的启示是合理确定开发度,科学利用土地资源;确保山区溪流行洪空间,把防洪需求作为河谷地开发的限制条件;注意环境保育,尽量减少工程建设对斜坡的扰动;提高山地灾害预警标准,建立巨灾监测预警机制;进行灾害风险分析与管理,开展有机结合资源利用与减灾防灾的流域理性开发。

关键词： “莫拉克”台风滑坡泥石流洪水灾害减灾防灾

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