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The gravitational gradient tensor’s invariants and the related boundary conditions

science china earth {3. 2010年第5期53卷 781-790页

作者： yu jinhai1,2,3.& zhao dongming4.1 college of earth science, graduate {3. of Chinese {4. of sciences, Beijing 10004., china 2 Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese {4. of sciences, Wuhan 4.3}077, china 3.State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics, Xi’an 71004.3} china 4.Zhengzhou Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Zhengzhou 4.0052, china 1. college of earth science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China2. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China3. State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi’an 710043 China4. Zhengzhou Institute of Surveying and Mapping Zhengzhou 450052 China

Here we report new approaches of recovering the earth gravitational field from GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) gradiometric data with the help of the gradient tensor’s invariants. Our results only depend on GOCE satellite’s position and gradiometry, in other words, they are completely independent of the satellite attitude. First, starting from the invariants, linearization models are established, which can be referred as the general boundary conditions on the satellite’s orbit. Then, the spherical approximation expressions for the models are derived, and the corresponding solving methods for them are discussed. Furthermore, considering effects of J2-term, the spherical approximation models are improved so that the accuracies of the boundary conditions can be theoretically raised to O ( J 2/2 T), which is approximately equivalent to O(T2). Finally, some arithmetic examples are constructed from EGM96 model based on the derived theories, and the computational results illustrate that the spherical models have accuracies of 10-7 and the order recovering the gravitational field can reach up to 200, and the models with regard to effect of J2-term have accuracies of 10-8 and the order can reach up to 280.

关键词： the earth’s gravitational field gravitational gravidiometry tensor’s invariant

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Two-photon spectroscopic behaviors and photodynamic effect on the BEL-74.2 cancer cells of the new chlorophyll photosensitizer

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science china Chemistry 2008年第6期51卷 529-538页

作者： zhao PeiDe1,2,CHEN Ping1,TANG GuoQing1,LIU JinWei2,LIN Lie1,GUO Peng1,yu Qing2, YAO JianZhong3.MA dongming4.ZHANG GuiLan1 & CHEN WenJu1 1 Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information {3. and Technology,Ministry of Education,Institute of Modern Optics,Nankai university,Tianjin 3.0071,{4. 2 Department of Physics,Hebei university of Technology,Tianjin 3.013.,{4. 3.college of Pharmacy,Second Military Medical university,Shanghai 2004.2},{4. 4.Tianjin college of the Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 3.0193.{4. 1. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information science and Technology Ministry of Education Institute of Modern Optics Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China 2. Department of Physics Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China 3. college of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China 4. Tianjin college of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193 China

The spectroscopic properties of a new chlorophyll derivate photosensitizer (CDP) are studied under the excitation wavelengths at 800 and 4.0 nm using femtosecond pulses from a Ti: sapphire laser. The damaging effect of CDP on the BEL-74.2 cancer cells is also investigated upon two-photon illumination at 800 nm. The normalized fluorescence spectra of CDP in tetrahydrofuran (THF) show that two-photon and one-photon spectra have the same distributions and the same emission bands (675 nm). The lifetimes of two- and one-photon induced fluorescence of this molecule are of the order of 5.0 ns. By comparing the data it is shown that there is some difference between the two lifetimes, but the difference is less than one nanosecond. The two-photon absorption cross section of the molecule is also measured at 800 nm and estimated as about σ'_2 ≈ 3..5x10^(-50)cm^4.s·photon^(-1). The results of two-photon photodynamic therapy (TPPDT) tests show that CDP can kill all of the tested cancer cells according to the usual Eosine assessment. Our results indicate that the two-photon-induced photophysical, photochemical and photosensitizing processes of CDP may be basically similar to those of one-photon excitation. These behaviors of the sample suggest that one may find other possible methods to estimate some photosensitizers' effects in details such as their distribution in cells and the reactive targets of the sub-cellular parts of some tumor cells via two-photon excitation techniques.

关键词： photosensitizer chlorophyll derivate two-photon fluorescence two-photon absorption cross-section TPPDT BEL-74.2 cell

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Landscape Changes from 1974.to 1995 in the Upper Minjiang River Basin, china

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Pedosphere 2006年第3期16卷 398-405页

作者： HE Xing-yuan zhao Yong-Hua HU yuan-Man CHANG yu ZHOU Qi-Xing Institute of Applied Ecology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） college of earth science ＆ Land Resources Management Chang＇an University Xi＇an 710054 （China） graduate School of the Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 （China）

Landscape changes were traced over the 20 years from 1974.to 1995 in the upper Minjiang River basin, one of the most important forest regions in china, based on satellite image interpretation to provide basic data for local decision-making as well as sustainable landscape use and management. Results revealed that landscape from 1974.to 1995 changed at the regional scale as the area of forestland decreased, while cropland, shrubland, economic forest, grassland, and built-up land increased. Landscape changes mainly occurred in forestland, shrubland, grassland, economic forest, and built-up land. Moreover, the changes among forestland, shrubland, and grassland were the largest, influencing the whole characteristics of the changes in the basin. Analysis of the changes between 1974.and 1995 in the study area indicated that landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation increased, whereas landscape connectivity decreased. There were multiple reasons for landscape changes. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to quantitatively study driving forces of landscape changes. The PCA results showed that economic and population factors were the principal driving forces of landscape changes from 1974.to 1995 in the upper Minjiang River basin, and that PCA was a suitable method for investigating driving forces of landscape changes.

关键词： driving forces landscape change satellite image quantification principal component analysis

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Three-stage niobium mineralization at Bayan Obo, china

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National science Review 2024年第4期11卷 102-110页

作者： Yan yu Yang Li yu Liu Xiao-Xiao Ling Li-Guang Wu Li Yang Lan Yang Bo Yang Yong-Gang zhao Xian-Hua Li State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences college of earth and Planetary science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University Mining Research Institute Baotou Iron and Steel(Group) Co.LTD State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare earth Resource Research and Comprehensive Utilization

The Chinese Bayan Obo deposit is a world-class rare earth element(REE) deposit with considerable niobium(Nb) and iron(Fe) resources. A complete genetic understanding on all metals is fundamental for establishing genetic models at Bayan Obo. With extensive research being focused on REE enrichment, the timing and controls of Nb enrichment remain unresolved at Bayan Obo, which is mainly due to the challenges in dating, i.e. multistage thermal events, fine-grained minerals with complex textures and the rare occurrence of uranium-enriched minerals with mature dating methods. Based on robust geological and petrographic frameworks, here we conducted ion probe uranium-lead(U-Pb) dating of ferrocolumbite to unravel the timing, hence the genesis of Nb mineralization. Three types of hydrothermal ferrocolumbites—key Nb-bearing minerals—are identified based on their textures and mineral assemblages. They yield U-Pb ages of 13.2 ± 4. Ma(n = 99), 4.1} ± 7 Ma(n = 93., and 268 ± 5 Ma(n = 19), respectively. In line with deposit geology, we tentatively link the first, second and third stage Nb mineralization to Mesoproterozoic carbonatite magmatism, ubiquitous early Paleozoic hydrothermal activity, and Permian granitic magmatism, respectively. While quantifying the contribution of metal endowment from each stage requires further investigation, our new dates highlight that multi-stage mineralization is critical for Nb enrichment at Bayan Obo, which may also have implications for the enrichment mechanism of Nb in REE deposits in general.

关键词： niobium mineralization U-Pb dating ferrocolumbite Bayan Obo

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Experimental constraints on the formation of oxychlorine species by UV irradiation and mechanical pulverization on the lunar surface

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第4期43卷 625-637页

作者： Jiamei Li yu-Yan Sara zhao He Cui Shuai-Yi Qu Yanhua Peng yuhong Yang Xiongyao Li Research Center for Planetary science College of Earth and Planetary SciencesChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China college of Life sciences Wuchang University of TechnologyWuhan 430204China Technical Center of Qingdao Customs Qingdao 266114China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China university of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Nanning college of Technology Guilin 541006China Center for Lunar and Planetary sciences Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

Perchlorate and chlorate are present in various extraterrestrial celestial bodies throughout the solar system,such as Mars,the moon,and *** date,the origin mechanisms of perchlorate and chlorate on the Martian surface have been well-established;however,relatively little attention has been cast to airless ***,we experimentally investigated the potential oxidation mechanisms of chloride to chlorate and perchlorate,such as ultraviolet irradiation under H_(2)O-and O_(2)-free conditions and mechanical pulverization *** minerals,olivine,pyroxene,ilmenite,magnetite,TiO_(2)and anhydrous ferric sulfate,and lunar regolith simulants(low Ti,CLRS-1;high-Ti,CLRS-2)and their metallic iron(Fe^( 0))bearing counterparts were *** found that pulverization of dry matrix material-halite mixtures,even in the presence of O_(2),does not necessarily lead to perchlorate and chlorate formation without involving *** photocatalytic and H_(2)O and O_(2)-free conditions,olivine and pyroxene can produce oxychlorine(ClO_(x)^(−))species,although the yields were orders of magnitude lower than those under Martian-relevant ***-Fe^(0)particles in the lunar regolith and the common photocatalyst TiO_(2)can facilitate the ClO_(x)^(−)formation,but their yields were lower than those with *** oxides ilmenite and magnetite did not efficiently contribute to ClO_(x)^(−)*** results highlight the critical role of H_(2)O in the oxidation chloride to chlorate and perchlorate,and provide essential insights into the environmental influence on the formation of oxychlorine species on different celestial bodies.

关键词： Perchlorate Chlorate Lunar regolith Metallic Fe Airless bodies

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Encapsulated Fe(IV)Molecular Complex for Photoacoustic Imaging

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1184-1197页

作者： Ye Xu Chao Li Zhong-yu yu Jiamin Wang zhaoyang Liu Chao Jiang Zhen-Feng Chen Xiaoyu Wu Ming-Xing Li Hong Yang zhao-Xi Wang Jonathan L.Sessler Department of Chemistry Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and CatalysisInnovative Drug Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444 college of Chemistry and Materials science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional MaterialsShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic CatalysisShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234 Sijing Community Health Service Center of Songjiang District Shanghai 201601 Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004 Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas 78712-1224

stable neutral Fe(IV)complex(Fe-HDCL),readily accessible on the g scale,was found to possess high water solubility and good stability(<5%degradation over 4.h upon photoirradiation).Fe-HDCL is green and absorbs light e... 详细信息

stable neutral Fe(IV)complex(Fe-HDCL),readily accessible on the g scale,was found to possess high water solubility and good stability(4.h upon photoirradiation).Fe-HDCL is green and absorbs light effectively in the visible region(500–800 nm)with aλmax at 650 nm(ɛ=783. M^(−1)cm^(−1)).Fe-HDCL also exhibits photothermal(PT)behavior comparable to single-wall carbon nanotubes in the solid *** aqueous solution,high PT conversion(η=72.6%)is achieved,and a strong hyperthermia-based inhibition of cell growth is observed upon subjecting Fe-HDCL to near-infrared 73. nm laser *** biological studies in vitro and in vivo confirmed that Fe-HDCL is biocompatible,clears readily,and allows the visual detection of blood *** subjecting mice to intravenous injection at low doses(e.g.,50μmol·kg^(−1)),Fe-HDCL also permits the photoacoustic(PA)imaging of kidneys and the evaluation of renal fibrosis in mouse *** addition,Fe-HDCL allows PA-based imaging of brain tissues,presumably reflecting its ability to pass through the blood-brain *** thus propose that Fe-HDCL has a role to play as PT agent and as a photodiagnostic.

关键词： stable Fe(IV)complex blood-brain barrier molecular cage photoacoustic imaging renal fibrosis

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Disaster effects of climate change in High Mountain Asia:State of art and scientific challenges Disaster effects of climate change in High Mountain Asia:State of art and scientific challenges

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 367-389页

作者： Hao WANG Bin-Bin WANG Peng CUI Yao-Ming MA Yan WANG Jian-Sheng HAO yu WANG Ya-Mei LI Li-Jun SUN Jiao WANG Guo-Tao ZHANG Wei-Mo LI yu LEI Wen-Qing zhao Jin-Bo TANG Chao-yue LI Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China china‒Pakistan Joint Research Center on earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan college of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China college of Atmospheric science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China

High Mountain Asia(HMA)shows a remarkable warming tendency and divergent trend of regional precipitation with enhanced meteorological *** rapid thawing of the HMA cryosphere may alter the magnitude and frequency of nature *** reviewed the influence of climate change on various types of nature hazards in HMA region,including their phenomena,mechanisms and *** reveals that:1)the occurrences of extreme rainfall,heavy snowfall,and drifting snow hazards are escalating;accelerated ice and snow melting have advanced the onset and increased the magnitude of snowmelt floods;2)due to elevating trigger factors,such as glacier debuttressing and the rapid shift of thermal and hydrological regime of bedrock/snow/ice interface or subsurface,the mass flow hazards including bedrock landslide,snow avalanche,ice-rock avalanches or glacier detachment,and debris flow will become more severe;3.increased active-layer detachment and retrogressive thaw slumps slope failures,thaw settlement and thermokarst lake will damage many important engineering structures and infrastructure in permafrost region;4.multi-hazards cascading hazard in HMA,such as the glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)and avalanche-induced mass flow may greatly enlarge the destructive power of the primary hazard by amplifying its volume,mobility,and impact force;and 5)enhanced slope instability and sediment supply in the highland areas could impose remote catastrophic impacts upon lowland regions,and threat hydropower security and future water *** future,ongoing thawing of HMA will profoundly weaken the multiple-phase material of bedrock,ice,water,and soil,and enhance activities of nature *** and cascading hazards of high magnitude will prevail in *** the glacier runoff overpasses the peak water,low flow or droughts in lowland areas downstream of glacierized mountain regions will became more frequent and *** escalating hazards in the HMA region requires tackling s

关键词： High Mountain Asia Climate change Cryosphere degradation Nature hazards Disaster risk

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Hydrocarbon Generation Potential and Organic Matter Enrichment Mechanism of the Cambrian Marine Shale in the Tadong Low Uplift, Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期 1301-1321页

作者： MIAO Huan WANG Yanbin JIANG Zhenxue zhao Shihu SHANG Peng GONG Xun TAO Chuanqi ZHANG yu State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum Unconventional Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute Research Institute China University of Petroleum college of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPEC Second Gas Production Plant PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company School of earth and Space sciences Peking University School of Civil Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University

Cambrian shales in china and elsewhere contain abundant oil and gas resources. However, due to its deep burial and limited outcrop, there has been relatively little research conducted on it. The Cambrian shale of the Tadong low uplift in the Tarim Basin of western china, specifically the Xidashan–Xishanbulake Formation（Fm.） and overlying Moheershan Fm. provide a case study through the use of organic petrology, mineralogy, organic and elemental geochemistry, with the aim of analyzing and exploring the hydrocarbon generation potential（PG） and organic matter（OM） enrichment mechanisms within these shale formations. The results indicate that:（1） the Cambrian shale of the Tadong low uplift exhibits relatively dispersed OM that consists of vitrinite-like macerals and solid bitumen. These formations have a higher content of quartz and are primarily composed of silica-based lithology;（2） shale samples from the Xidashan–Xishanbulake and Moheershan formations demonstrate high total organic carbon（TOC） and low pyrolytic hydrocarbon content（S2） content. The OM is predominantly type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ kerogens, indicating a high level of maturation in the wet gas period. These shales have undergone extensive hydrocarbon generation, showing characteristics of relatively poor PG;（3. the sedimentary environments of the Xidashan–Xishanbulake and Moheershan formations in the Tadong low uplift are similar. They were deposited in warm and humid climatic conditions, in oxygen-deficient environments, with stable terrigenous inputs, high paleoproductivity, high paleosalinity, weak water-holding capacity, and no significant hydrothermal activity; and（4. the relationship between TOC and the paleoproductivity parameter（P/Ti） is most significant in the Lower Cambrian Xidashan–Xishanbulake Fm., whereas correlation with other indicators is not evident. This suggests a productivity-driven OM enrichment model, where input of landderived material was relatively small during the Middle Cambrian, and the a

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Behavior and mechanism of graphene oxide-tris(4.aminophenyl)amine composites in adsorption of rare earth elements

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Journal of Rare earths 2021年第1期39卷 90-97,I0004页

作者： Xiaoru zhao Xinyu Jiang dongming Peng Jie Teng Jingang yu college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Pharmacy Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208China college of Materials science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Three-dimensional(3.)graphene oxide-tris(4.aminophenyl)amine(GO-TAPAx:y)composites with different GO-to-TAPA mass ratios(x:y)were prepared by a facile one-step ultrasonic ***:y composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nitrogen(N2)adsorption-desorption isotherms,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Behavior and mechanism of GO-TAPAx:yco mposites for the adsorption of rare earth elements(REEs)were *** adso rption capacities of GO-TAPA1;2 composite for Yb^3.,Er^3.,Nd^3.,La^3.and Y^3.are 3..88,26.52,20.60,11.24.and 10.52 mg/g,*** of some important parameters including GO-to-TAPA mass ratios,contact time,reaction temperature and initial Yb^3.concentration on the adsorption were evaluated in *** spectral and XPS analyses show that the metal complexations and ion exchanges between nitrogen/oxygen-containing species of the adsorbents and REEs are involved in the adsorption procedure besides the conventional adsorption based on specific surface area,indicating the introduction of specific molecules onto GO is beneficial to its adsorption *** convenient reusability and applicability of GO-TAPAx:y composites toward real samples also demonstrate their feasibility in the enrichment of REE ions.

关键词： Graphene oxide Tris(4.aminophenyl)amine Enrichment Adsorption mechanism Rare earth elements

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Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data science in earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China college of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： earth utilizing landscape

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