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A development of lifetime measurement based on the differential decay curve method

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第8期29卷 114-120页

作者： jian Zhong Xiao-guang Wu ying-jun ma Yun zheng Cong-Bo li guang-Sheng li Bao-Ji Zhu Tian-Xiao li yan-jun Jin yan-Xiang Gao Ke-yan ma dong yang Hao guo jia-Qi wang Xian guan Ji Sun China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 621010China Shenyang Institute of Engineering Shenyang 110136China

A new development of indirect gating case in the differential decay curve method used for lifetime measurement has been *** gate region was extended from partial shifted peak to both shifted and unshifted *** statistics of flight and stop peaks in gating spectra was improved *** reliability of this change has been tested by reanalysing the lifetime of 2^+ state in^(134) *** result of 32.2(33) ps was fit well with the previous published values within the experimental *** developed method was also used to analyse the lifetime of 2_1^+ state in^(138) Nd.

关键词：线方法腐烂微分开发测量大小写可靠性试验性

International experience of carbon neutrality and prospects of key technologies:Lessons for China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 893-909页

作者： zheng-Meng Hou ying Xiong jia-Shun Luo yan-li Fang Muhammad Haris Qian-jun Chen ye Yue lin Wu Qi-Chen wang liang-Chao Huang Yi-lin guo Ya-Chen Xie Institute of Subsurface Energy Systems Clausthal University of TechnologyClausthal-Zellerfeld38678Germany School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Sino-German Energy Research Center Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065SichuanChina Department of Petroleum&Gas Engineering University of Engineering&Technology54890LahorePakistan Yunnan Key Lab.of Sino-German Blue Mining and Utilization of Special Underground Space Kunming650093YunnanChina Sino-German Research Institute of Carbon Neutralization and Green Development Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450000HenanChina State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071HubeiChina

Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is *** the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national *** with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil *** we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon *** innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and *** on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest *** paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.

关键词： International experience Carbon reduction technologies Carbon neutrality Energy transition Underground energy storage Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)

lifetime measurement for the 2^+1 state in^106Cd

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第9期44卷 76-82页

作者： jian Zhong ying-jun ma Xiao-guang Wu Bao-Ji Zhu Cong-Bo li guang-Sheng li Yun zheng Qi-Ming Chen Chuang-ye He li-Tao Deng Wen-Kui Zhou Ke-yan ma dong yang Hao guo jia-Qi wang Xian guang Ji Sun Hui-Bin Sun Shi-Peng Hu lin Gan Hai-Ge Zhao Qi Luo zheng-Xin Wu College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 621010China

The lifetime of the 2^+1 state in ^106Cd populated via the ^94Zr(^16O,4n)^106Cd reaction has been measured with the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift technique in combination with the Differential Decay Curve *** subtracting the contamination in the data,the mean lifetime of the I^π=2^+1633 keV state was determined as 9.9(12)*** B(E2)value calculated in this study is in good agreement with the experimental systematics and was compared to the shell model calculations.

关键词： lifetime measurement the Differential Decay Curve Method experimental systematics

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第9期12卷 1197-1242页

作者： Xiang-Qun Cui Yong-Heng Zhao Yao-Quan Chu guo-Ping li Qi li li-Ping Zhang Hong-jun Su zheng-Qiu Yao Ya-Nan wang Xiao-zheng Xing Xin-Nan li Yong-Tian Zhu Gang wang Bo-Zhong Gu A-li Luo Xin-Qi Xu Zhen-Chao Zhang Gen-Rong liu Hao-Tong Zhang De-Hua yang Shu-Yun Cao Hai-Yuan Chen jian-jun Chen kun-Xin Chen ying Chen jia-Ru Chu Lei Feng Xue-Fei Gong Yong-Hui Hou Hong-Zhuan Hu Ning-Sheng Hu Zhong-Wen Hu Lei jia Fang-Hua jiang Xiang jiang Zi-Bo jiang Ge Jin Ai-Hua li yan li ye-Ping li guan-Qunliu Zhi-Gang liu Huo-Ming Shi zheng-Hong Tang Qing-Sheng Tao Xiang-yan Yuan Chao Zhai Jing Zhang yan-Xia Zhang Yong Zhang Ming Zhao Fang Zhou guo-Hua Zhou Jie Zhu Si-Cheng Zou National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China yzhao @ *** Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 China University of Science and Tecfinologyof China Hefei 230026 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Architecture Design and Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in june 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.

关键词： techniques: wide field telescope - active optics - multi fiber - spectroscopy survey - data reduction

The first data release(DR1) of the LAMOST regular survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第8期15卷 1095-1124页

作者： A-li Luo Yong-Heng Zhao Gang Zhao li-Cai Deng Xiao-Wei liu Yi-Peng Jing Gang wang Hao-Tong Zhang jian-Rong Shi Xiang-Qun Cui Yao-Quan Chu guo-Ping li Zhong-Rui Bai Yue Wu yan Cai Shu-Yun Cao Zi-Huang Cao Jeffrey L.Carlin Hai-Yuan Chen jian-jun Chen kun-Xin Chen li Chen Xue-Lei Chen Xiao-yan Chen ying Chen Norbert Christlieb jia-Ru Chu Chen-Zhou Cui Yi-Qiao dong Bing Du dong-Wei Fan Lei Feng jian-Ning Fu Peng Gao Xue-Fei Gong Bo-Zhong Gu yan-Xin guo Zhan-Wen Han Bo-liang He Jin-liang Hou Yong-Hui Hou Wen Hou Hong-Zhuan Hu Ning-Sheng Hu Zhong-Wen Hu Zhi-ying Huo Lei jia Fang-Hua jiang Xiang jiang Zhi-Bo jiang Ge Jin Xiao Kong Xu Kong Ya-Juan Lei Ai-Hua li Chang-Hua li guang-Wei li Hai-Ning li jian li Qi li Shuang li Sha-Sha li Xin-Nan li yan li Yin-Bi li ye-Ping li Yuan liang Chien-Cheng lin Chao liu Gen-Rong liu guan-Qun liu Zhi-Gang liu Wen-Zhi Lu Yu Luo Yin-Dun mao Heidi Newberg Ji-jun Ni Zhao-Xiang Qi Yong-jun Qi Shi-Yin Shen Huo-Ming Shi Jing Song Yi-Han Song Ding-Qiang Su Hong-jun Su zheng-Hong Tang Qing-Sheng Tao Yuan Tian Dan wang Da-Qi wang Feng-Fei wang guo-Min wang Hai wang Hong-Chi wang jian wang jia-Ning wang jian-ling wang jian-Ping wang jun-Xian wang Lei wang Meng-Xin wang Shou-guan wang Shu-Qing wang Xia wang Ya-Nan wang You wang Yue-Fei wang You-Fen wang Peng Wei Ming-Zhi Wei Hong Wu Ke-Fei Wu Xue-Bing Wu Yu-Zhong Wu Xiao-zheng Xing ling-Zhe Xu Xin-Qi Xu yan Xu Tai-Sheng yan De-Hua yang Hai-Feng yang Hui-Qin yang Ming yang zheng-Qiu Yao Yong Yu Hui Yuan Hai-Bo Yuan Hai-Long Yuan Wei-Min Yuan Chao Zhai En-Peng Zhang Hua-Wei Zhang jian-Nan Zhang li-Pin Zhang Wei Zhang Yong Zhang yan-Xia Zhang zheng-Chao Zhang Ming Zhao Fang Zhou Xu Zhou Jie Zhu Yong-Tian Zhu Si-Cheng Zou Fang Zuo National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Astronomy Peking University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Department of Physics Applied Physics and AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Earlham CollegeRichmondIN 47374USA Universitt Heidelberg Zentrum für AstronomieLandessternwarteKnigstuhl 1269117 HeidelbergGermany Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in june 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in june 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.

关键词： techniques: spectroscopic survey—data release—catalog

Data release of the LAMOST pilot survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第9期12卷 1243-1246页

作者： A-li Luo Hao-Tong Zhang Yong-Heng Zhao Gang Zhao Xiang-Qun Cui guo-Ping li Yao-Quan Chu jian-Rong Shi Gang wang jian-Nan Zhang Zhong-Rui Bai Xiao-yan Chen Feng-Fei wang yan-Xin guo jian-jun Chen Bing Du Xiao Kong Ya-Juan Lei Yin-Bi li Yi-Han Song Yue Wu yan-Xia Zhang Xin-lin Zhou Fang Zuo Peng Du lin He Wen Hou Yi-Qiao dong jian li guang-Wei li Shuang li Jing Song Yuan Tian Meng-Xin wang Yong-Hui Hou Zhi-ying Huo Hong-Zhuan Hu Ning-Sheng Hu Zhong-Wen Hu Lei jia Fang-Hua jiang Xiang jiang Zi-Bo jiang Ge Jin Ai-Hua li Qi li Yin-Dun mao zheng-Hong Tang Qing-Sheng Tao liang-Ping Tu Da-Qing wang Dan wang jian-Ping wang Lei wang Shou-guan wang Shu-Qing wang Ya-Nan wang You wang Yue-Fei wang Ming-Zhi Wei Xiang-Xiang Xue Xiao-zheng Xing ling-Zhe Xu Xin-Qi Xu yan Xu De-Hua yang Shi-Hai yang zheng-Qiu Yao Yong Yu Hui Yuan Chao Zhai En-Peng Zhang Jing Zhang li-Ping Zhang WeiZhang Yong Zhang Zhen-Chao Zhang Ming Zhao Fang Zhou Yong-Tian Zhu Jie Zhu Si-Cheng Zou National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China lal @ lamost o rg Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 China University of Science and Technologyof China Hefei 230026 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Architecture Design and Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

This paper describes the data release of the LAMOST pilot survey, which includes data reduction, calibration, spectral analysis, data products and data access. The accuracy of the released data and the information about the FITS headers of spectra are also introduced. The released data set includes 319 000 spectra and a catalog of these objects.

关键词： techniques: spectroscopic survey — data reduction — data release

Timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846–031 with Insight-HXMT monitoring

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第3期21卷 193-204页

作者： He-Xin liu Yue Huang guang-Cheng Xiao Qing-Cui Bu Jin-Lu Qu Shu Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Shu-Mei jia Fang-jun Lu Xiang ma lian Tao Wei Zhang li Chen li-Ming Song Ti-Pei li Yu-Peng Xu Xue-Lei Cao Yong Chen Cong-Zhan liu Ce Cai Zhi Chang Gang Chen Tian-Xiang Chen Yi-Bao Chen Yu-Peng Chen Wei Cui Wei-Wei Cui Jing-Kang Deng Yong-Wei dong Yuan-Yuan Du Min-Xue Fu guan-Hua Gao He Gao Min Gao Ming-Yu Ge Yu-dong Gu Ju guan Cheng-Cheng guo Da-Wei Han jia Huo Lu-Hua jiang Wei-Chun jiang Jing Jin Yong-Jie Jin ling-Da Kong Bing li Cheng-Kui li Gang li mao-Shun li Wei li Xian li Xiao-Bo li Xu-Fang li yang-guo li zheng-Wei li Xiao-Hua liang Jing-Yuan liao Bai-Sheng liu guo-Qing liu Hong-Wei liu Xiao-Jing liu Yi-Nong liu Bo Lu Xue-Feng Lu Qi Luo Tao Luo Bin Meng Yi Nang jian-Yin Nie Ge Ou Na Sai Ren-Cheng Shang Xin-ying Song liang Sun ying Tan You-li Tuo Chen wang guo-Feng wang Juan wang ling-jun wang Weng-Shuai wang Yu-Sa wang Xiang-yang Wen Bai-yang Wu Bo-Bing Wu Mei Wu Shuo Xiao Shao-lin Xiong He Xu jia-Wei yang Sheng yang yan-Ji yang Yi-jung yang Qi-Bin Yi Qian-Qing Yin Yuan You Ai-Mei Zhang Cheng-Mo Zhang Fan Zhang Hong-Mei Zhang Juan Zhang Tong Zhang Wan-Chang Zhang Wen-Zhao Zhang Yi Zhang Yi-Fei Zhang Yong-Jie Zhang Yuan-Hang Zhang Yue Zhang Zhao Zhang Zhi Zhang Zi-liang Zhang Hai-Sheng Zhao Xiao-Fan Zhao Shi-Jie zheng Yao-guang zheng Deng-Ke Zhou jian-Feng Zhou Yu-Xuan Zhu Ren-lin Zhuang Yue Zhu Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institut fur Astronomie und Astrophysik Kepler Center for Astro and Particle PhysicsEberhard Karls Universität72076 TubingenGermany Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100088China Department of Astronomy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Physics Sciences&Technology Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002Hebei ProvinceChina

We present the observational results from a detailed timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846-031 during its outburst in 2019 with the observations of Insight-HXMT,NICER and *** outburst can be classified roughly into four different ***-C quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)observed by NICER(about 0.1-6 Hz)and Insight-HXMT(about 0.7-8 Hz)are also reported in this ***,we study various physical quantities related to QPO *** QPO rms-frequency relationship in the energy band 1-10 keV indicates that there is a turning pointing in frequency around2 Hz,which is similar to that of GRS 1915+105.A possible hypothesis for the relationship above may be related to the inclination of the source,which may require a high inclination to explain *** relationships between QPO frequency and QPO rms,hardness,total fractional rms and count rate have also been found in other transient sources,which can indicate that the origin of type-C QPOs is non-thermal.

关键词： X-ray binaries black hole candidate QPO EXO 1846–031

Clinical trial with traditional Chinese medicine intervention ''tonifying the kidney to promote liver regeneration and repair by affecting stem cells and their microenvironment'' for chronic hepatitis B-associated liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18458-18465页

作者： Han-Min li Zhi-Hua ye jun Zhang Xiang Gao yan-Ming Chen Xin Yao jian-Xun Gu Lei Zhan yang Ji jian-liang Xu ying-He Zeng Fan yang lin Xiao guo-guang Sheng Wei Xin Qi Long Qing-Jing Zhu Zhao-Hong Shi lian-guo Ruan jia-Yao yang Chang-Chun li Hong-Bin Wu Sheng-Duo Chen Xin-La Luo Hepatopathy Institute Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University

AIM:To study the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)intervention"tonifying the kidney to promote liver regeneration and repair by affecting stem cells and their microenvironment"("TTK")for treating liver failure due to chronic hepatitis ***:We designed the study as a randomized controlled clinical *** number of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry is Chi CTR-TRC-12002961.A total of 144 patients with liver failure due to infection with chronic hepatitis B virus were enrolled in this randomized controlled clinical *** were randomly assigned to the following three groups:(1)a modern medicine control group(MMC group,36patients);(2)a"tonifying qi and detoxification"("TQD")group(72 patients);and(3)a"tonifying the kidney to promote liver regeneration and repair by affecting stem cells and their microenvironment"("TTK")group(36patients).Patients in the MMC group received general internal medicine treatment;patients in the"TQD"group were given a TCM formula"tonifying qi and detoxification"and general internal medicine treatment;patients in the"TTK"group were given a TCM formula of"TTK"and general internal medicine *** participants were treated for 8 wk and then followed at 48 wk following their final *** primaryefficacy end point was the patient fatality rate in each *** of various virological and biochemical indicators served as secondary *** one-way analysis of variance and the t-test were used to compare patient outcomes in the different treatment ***:At the 48-wk post-treatment time point,the patient fatality rates in the MMC,"TQD",and"TTK"groups were 51.61%,35.38%,and 16.67%,respectively,and the differences between groups were statistically significant(P0.05).Patients in the"TTK"group had significantly higher levels of serum to

关键词： Clinical study 'Tonifying the kidney to promote liver regeneration and repair by affecting stem cells and their microenvironment'('TTK') liver regeneration Treatment with integrated traditional and Western medicine Chronic hepatitis B-associated liver failure

The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO):Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer,2021

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Cancer Communications 2021年第8期41卷 747-795页

作者： Feng-Hua wang Xiao-Tian Zhang Yuan-Fang li Lei Tang Xiu-Juan Qu Jie-Er ying jun Zhang ling-Yu Sun Rong-Bo lin Hong Qiu Chang wang Miao-Zhen Qiu Mu-yan Cai QiWu Hao liu Wen-Long guan Ai-Ping Zhou Yu-Jing Zhang Tian-Shu liu Feng Bi Xiang-lin Yuan Sheng-Xiang Rao yan Xin Wei-Qi Sheng Hui-Mian Xu guo-Xin li jia-Fu Ji Zhi-Wei Zhou Han liang yan-Qiao Zhang Jing Jin lin Shen Jin li Rui-Hua Xu Department of Medical Oncology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142P.R.China Department of Gastric Surgery State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China Department of Radiology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142P.R.China Department of Medical Oncology The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110001P.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhouZhejiang 310006P.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025P.R.China Department of Surgical Oncology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150001P.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Fujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouFujian 350000P.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430030P.R.China Cancer Center of The First Hospital of Jilin University ChangchunJilin 130021P.R.China Department of Pathology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China Department of Endoscopy Center Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing 100142P.R.China Department of General Surgery Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuan

There exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selections between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western *** Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)has organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer since 2016 and renews it *** into account regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted expert consensus judgment on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes in *** 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer covers the diagnosis,treatment,follow-up,and screening of gastric *** on the 2020 version of the CSCO Chinese Gastric Cancer guidelines,this updated guideline integrates the results ofmajor clinical studies from China and overseas for the past year,focused on the inclusion of research data from the Chinese population for more personalized and clinically relevant *** the comprehensive treatment of non-metastatic gastric cancer,attentions were paid to neoadjuvant *** value of perioperative chemotherapy is gradually becoming clearer and its recommendation level has been *** the comprehensive treatment of metastatic gastric cancer,recommendations for immunotherapy were included,and immune checkpoint inhibitors fromthird-line to the first-line of treatment for different patient groups with detailed notes are provided.

关键词： adjuvant chemotherapy Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) diagnosis gastric cancer immunotherapy neoadjuvant radiotherapy surgery targeted therapy