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An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 372-375页

作者： Shuai Xu Youdi zhang Yanna Sun Pei Cheng Zhaoyang yao Ning Li Long Ye Lijian Zuo Ke Gao Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Functional Materials College of ChemistryChangchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People’s Republic of China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237People’s Republic of China College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‑Organic Chemistry Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer *** optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture *** approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Additive-assisted layer-by-layer processing Three-dimensional fibril morphology Bulk p-i-n structure Optical management

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Development of a general circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer fuel rod model for subchannel analysis and application to helical fuel rods

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Junsen FU Junlong LI Xiaowen WANG Qi zhang yao XIAO Hanyang GU School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Systems and Equipment of the Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Technology and Equipment Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The subchannel analysis method is one of the most crucial transient safety analysis methods in the thermal design of nuclear reactors. The nonuniformity of circumferential heat transfer is slight in conventional pressurized water reactor (PWR)cores, but it is significant in advanced reactors with wire-wrapped or helical fuel rods. Predicting circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer behavior can be challenging owing to the complex geometry of helical fuel rods. In this study, a general circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer fuel rod (GCNF) model is developed to predict the fuel central temperature and circumferential heat flux and wall temperature. This model incorporates a refined two-dimensional fuel conduction model and circumferential nonuniform shape factor, addressing the dual factors contributing to the circumferential nonuniformity of helical fuel rods. An empirical correlation for the nonuniform shape factor is developed based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, and it is implemented to the subchannel code. The newly developed model is applied to a helical fuel annulus and validated by comparing the prediction results with CFD data. The maximum wall temperature predicted by the code is 1.15°C lower than the value calculated through CFD. In terms of the heat flux, the maximum value at the inner corner is22 kW lower than that obtained from the CFD prediction. The accurate prediction of circumferentially nonuniform heat transfer in helical fuel, concerning the surface heat flux and cladding temperature, addresses existing shortcomings in helical fuel subchannel analysis methods. Additionally, the capability to predict the fuel central temperature is essential for the safety analysis to determine whether fuel rods are melting. The generality of the model framework allows it to be used for the prediction of circumferential nonuniform heat transfer behavior in other types of fuel assemblies.

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Interaction of two three-dimensional explosion bubbles

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2007年第2期6卷 12-18页

作者： yao xiong-liang zhang A-man LIU Yu-chen College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001China English Department Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001China

The interaction of two underwater explosion bubbles was mathematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the assumption of potential flow, high-order curved elements were used to discretize the boundary integral equation and solve it. Assuming that gas inside the bubble follows the isentropic rule, the Euler-Lagrange method was used to trace the evolution of the bubble, and when calculating the singular integral, the singularity of the double-layer singular integral was eliminated by reconstructing a principal-value integral of double-layer potential so that a more precise result could be obtained. Elastic mesh technique (EMT) was also used when tracing the evolution of the bubble interface, and numerical smoothing wasn't needed. A comparison of calculations using this three-dimensional model with results of the Reyleigh-Plesset bubble model shows that the three-dimensional model and calculation method in this paper is practical. This three-dimensional model was applied to simulate the interaction of two bubbles under the action of gravity, and the dynamic characteristics of two bubbles near the surface was also analyzed. Bubbles influenced by surface effects and gravity present severe non-linearity. This paper provides a reference for research into the dynamics of multi-bubbles.

关键词： two bubbles boundary integral EMT three-dimensional model

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Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 779-793页

作者： Guangyong zhang Qing yao Chubing Long Pengcheng Yi Jiali Song Luojia Wu Wei Wan Xiuqin Rao Yue Lin Gen Wei Jun Ying Fuzhou Hua Department of Anesthesiology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province NanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier macrophages monocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation review therapy

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飞行员校企合作人才培养模式研究

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江苏商论 2025年第1期 124-129页

作者：熊曼辰张越昆明理工大学民航与航空学院云南昆明650093

随着中国“十四五”民用航空发展规划的提出,中国航空业引来了飞速发展的时期。但制约民航业发展的一个重要因素是飞行员的短缺,而飞行员短缺的根本原因是培养成本高、培养周期长。本文通过对国内外飞行员培养方式的分析比较,构建飞行... 详细信息

随着中国“十四五”民用航空发展规划的提出,中国航空业引来了飞速发展的时期。但制约民航业发展的一个重要因素是飞行员的短缺,而飞行员短缺的根本原因是培养成本高、培养周期长。本文通过对国内外飞行员培养方式的分析比较,构建飞行员培养成本模型,计算飞行员培养成本,总结国内飞行员校企合作人才培养模式的优势与不足。针对目前飞行员培养环节中存在的多元化需求不足、实践风险问题以及培养过程中高成本问题等,提出相应的对策建议,以期提高飞行员的培养质量,助力中国航空业飞速发展。

关键词：飞行员校企合作培训成本民航业

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Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2018年第8期31卷 1691-1702页

作者： man zhang An liang AECC Commercial Aireraft Engine Co. LTD Shanghai 200241 China

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermoacoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the ***, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation（LES） of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional（1 D） Acoustic Network Method（ANM）. Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.

关键词： Acoustic wave Combustion instabilityCoolant injection Entropy LES Network method Rumble Self-excited

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Shock resistance of supercharged boilers through integration with ship structure

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2007年第4期6卷 18-26页

作者： yao xiong-liang FENG Lin-han zhang A-man ZHOU Qi-xin College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China

The non-linear finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the dynamic response of a marine supercharged boiler when subjected to impact loading. Shock resistance was analyzed by the time-domain simulation method. After exhaustive simulations,the effect of air pressure induced by different working conditions on the shock response of a supercharged boiler was reviewed,leading to conclusions about the variability of structural response with different loading parameters. In order to simulate the real impulsive environments of supercharged boilers,the integration of equipment and ship structure was then primarily used to analyze shock response. These distinctly different equipment shock test methods,run under equivalent work conditions,were compared and the causes of discrepancy were analyzed. The main purpose of this paper is to present references for the anti-shock design of marine supercharged boilers.

关键词： supercharged boiler numerical simulation dynamic response shock resistance integrationof equipment and ship structure

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近壁面气泡的运动规律研究

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物理学报 2008年第3期57卷 1662-1671页

作者：张阿漫姚熊亮哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院哈尔滨150001

基于势流假设,建立气泡与壁面耦合数值模型,运用边界积分法求解,并开发三维计算程序,计算值与实验值符合很好.从气泡与壁面相互作用的基本现象入手,基于开发的程序系统地研究了刚性壁面附近气泡的动力学特性,其中包括水平壁面及倾斜壁面... 详细信息

基于势流假设,建立气泡与壁面耦合数值模型,运用边界积分法求解,并开发三维计算程序,计算值与实验值符合很好.从气泡与壁面相互作用的基本现象入手,基于开发的程序系统地研究了刚性壁面附近气泡的动力学特性,其中包括水平壁面及倾斜壁面,研究壁面的Bjerknes效应与各特征参数之间的关系,并将各种工况的计算结果与基于Kelvin-impulse理论的Blake准则进行对比分析讨论,得出偏射流方向及壁面压力与气泡的特征参数有密切的关系,同时给出了Blake准则的适用范围.旨在为相关的近壁面气泡动态特性研究提供参考.

关键词：气泡壁面边界积分 Bjerknes效应动力学特性

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近自由面水下爆炸气泡的运动规律研究

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物理学报 2008年第1期57卷 339-353页

作者：张阿漫姚熊亮哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院哈尔滨150001

基于边界积分法建立水下爆炸气泡与自由面耦合数值模型;并开发相应的计算程序,计算值与实验值符合较好.从气泡与自由面相互作用的基本现象入手,运用开发的程序系统地研究了近自由面水下爆炸气泡的动态特性,包括近自由面气泡的环状回弹... 详细信息

基于边界积分法建立水下爆炸气泡与自由面耦合数值模型;并开发相应的计算程序,计算值与实验值符合较好.从气泡与自由面相互作用的基本现象入手,运用开发的程序系统地研究了近自由面水下爆炸气泡的动态特性,包括近自由面气泡的环状回弹及自由面的水冢现象;研究距离参数、浮力参数以及强度参数等特征参数与自由面Bjerknes效应之间的关系,总结相关规律,近自由面气泡的动态特性与这些特征参数有密切的关系.并在研究过程中,讨论了基于Kelvin-impulse理论的Blake准则的适用范围,并解释了Blake准则的失效的原因.旨在为相关的近自由面水下爆炸气泡动态特性研究提供参考.

关键词：气泡自由面环状水冢

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Temperature distribution and dynamic control of secondary cooling in slab continuous casting

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第6期16卷 626-631页

作者： liang-hang Guo Yong Tian man yao Hou-fa Shen School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China Anshan Iron and Steel Group Anshan 114021 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

To predict and optimize the temperature distribution of slab continuous casting in steady operational state, a three-dimensional model （named ＂offline model＂） based on the heat transfer and solidification theories was developed. Both heat transfer and flux distribution characteristics of the nozzle sprays on the slab were considered, and the complicated boundary conditions, such as spray cooling, natural convection, thermal radiation as well as contact cooling of individual rolls were involved in the model. By using the calibrated caster dependent model factors, the calculated temperature and shell thickness accorded well with the measured. Furthermore, a dynamic secondary water cooling control system was also developed on the basis of a two-dimensional transient heat transfer model （named ＂online model＂） and incremental PID control algorithm to reduce slab surface temperature fluctuation in unsteady state. Compared with the traditional spray table control method, the present online model and dynamic PID control demonstrate a higher capability and flexibility to adjust cooling water flowrate and reduce slab surface temperature fluctuation when the casting speed is changed.

关键词： mathematical model slab temperature dynamic control continuous casting

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