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从美智库报告看人工智能大语言模型网络安全问题及对策

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信息安全与通信保密 2024年第8期 20-29页

作者：杨晓姣罗仙张玲中国电子科技网络信息安全有限公司四川成都610041

人工智能大语言模型作为新生代人工智能技术异军突起的发展领域,近年来得到研发界和产业界的广泛关注。美国乔治城大学沃尔什外交学院的智库发表报告指出,人工智能大语言模型存在输出虚假信息、偏见信息、被恶意利用等诸多安全隐患,并... 详细信息

人工智能大语言模型作为新生代人工智能技术异军突起的发展领域,近年来得到研发界和产业界的广泛关注。美国乔治城大学沃尔什外交学院的智库发表报告指出,人工智能大语言模型存在输出虚假信息、偏见信息、被恶意利用等诸多安全隐患,并剖析大语言模型的开发过程,寻求控制模型输出的有效技术方法。以报告为出发点,贯穿人工智能大语言模型全生命周期,分析了网络安全问题的形成机理和风险样态,试图探寻网络安全问题解决的新出路。

关键词：人工智能大语言模型报告网络安全

Effects of Electro-acupuncture Preconditioning on Focal Cere bral Blood Flow in Artery and Vein of Rats with Middle Cere bral Artery Occlusion

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中国康复医学杂志 2013年第12期28卷 1085-1092页

作者： JIA Jie GUO Qingchuan GUO Zhenzhen yang xiaojiao Department of Rehabilitation Huashan Hospital Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Fudan University

Objective:To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture preconditioning on focal cerebral blood flow(CBF)in artery and vein of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),and to provide experimental evidences for primary prevention of ischemic ***:Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats(two months old)were divided into 3 groups:electro-acupuncture preconditioning group(EA group),ischemia group(Is group)and Dazhui and Baihui sham group(six rats per group).The rats in the EA group were given electro-acupuncture preconditioning at Dazhui and Baihui with 2/15 density wave current for 30 minutes per day,5 days *** preconditioning,enhanced laser speckle contrast analysis was implemented to get false color images before making middle cerebral ischemia occlusion *** getting false color images two hours during ischemia by laser speckle contrast analysis ***:④Relative CBF in focal cortical artery:There were significant differences at every time point in EA group and Is group(P<0.01,P<0.05)comparing with that before occlusion *** with that before ischemia,there was significant difference at 120 min after ischemia in sham group(P<0.05);compared with that at 30 min after occlusion,there was significant difference at every time point in EA group from the time point 60 min after occlusion;there was significant difference at every time point in EA group and Is group(P<0.05)comparing with sham group;Compared with sham group,there was significant difference at 30min and 60 min after ischemia in EA group(P<0.05).④Relative CBF in focal cortical vein:There was significant difference at every time point in sham group comparing with that before occlusion(P<0.05);compared with that before occlusion,there was significant difference from 45 min after occlusion in EA group(P<0.05);compared with that before occlusion,there was significant difference from 105 min after occlusion in sham group(P<0.05);there was significant difference

关键词：康复医学临床精神疾病患者

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浅析无人机治理的技术手段

数字通信世界 2024年第5期 7-8,42页

作者：吴文博李婷杨晓娇国家无线电监测中心北京100037

随着电子与信息技术的不断进步,以5G为代表的信息通信技术与无人机技术的深度融合,极大地拓展了无人机的应用领域。无人机在航拍、农业、物流、救援等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,然而,无人机“黑飞”现象也愈发严重,给公共安全带来了... 详细信息

随着电子与信息技术的不断进步,以5G为代表的信息通信技术与无人机技术的深度融合,极大地拓展了无人机的应用领域。无人机在航拍、农业、物流、救援等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,然而,无人机“黑飞”现象也愈发严重,给公共安全带来了威胁。为了解决这一问题,需要采取一系列技术手段,如人机识别系统、信息监管服务平台、电子围栏、无人机反制技术等,确保无人机在合法、安全的前提下运行,为公众提供更好的服务。

关键词：无人机无人机技术无人机治理

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Effect of methylprednisolone in severe and critical COVID-19:Analysis of 102 cases

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第23期8卷 5952-5961页

作者： Hong-Ming Zhu Yan Li Bang-Yi Li Shuang yang Ding Peng xiaojiao yang Xue-Lian Sun Mei Zhang Department of Gastroenterology Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Department of Pulmonology Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China School of Human Nutrition Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQC H9X 3V9Canada Department of Emergency Medicine Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijng 100053China

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak has brought great challenges to public *** of COVID-19 is closely related to the secondary systemic inflammatory *** are used to control severe diseases caused by the cytokine storm,owing to their anti-inflammatory ***,glucocorticoids are a double-edged sword,as the use of large doses has the potential risk of secondary infection and long-term serious complications,and may prolong virus clearance ***,the risks and benefits of glucocorticoid adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 are *** To determine the effect of methylprednisolone in severe and critically ill patients with *** This single-center retrospective study included 102 adult COVID-19 patients admitted to a ward of a designated hospital in Wuhan,Hubei Province from January to March *** patients received general symptomatic treatment and organ function support,and were given different respiratory support measures according to their *** case of deterioration,considering the hyperinflammatory state of the patients,methylprednisolone was intravenously administered at 0.75-1.5 mg/kg/d,usually for less than 14 *** vital signs and oxygenation were closely monitored,in combination with imaging and routine blood tests such as C-reactive protein,biochemical indicators(liver and kidney function,myocardial enzymes,electrolytes,etc.),and coagulation *** clinical outcomes were discharge or *** A total of 102 severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients were included in this *** were divided into treatment(69,67.6%)and control groups(33,32.4%)according to methylprednisolone *** of baseline data between the two groups showed that the treatment group patients had higher aspartic acid aminotransferase,globulin,hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,and lactate *** was no significant difference in other baseline data between

关键词： COVID-19 Glucocorticoids Methylprednisolone Cytokine storm Coronavirus infections Cytokines

Predictive value of serum cystatin C for risk of mortality in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第20期8卷 4726-4734页

作者： Yan Li Shuang yang Ding Peng Hong-Ming Zhu Bang-Yi Li xiaojiao yang Xue-Lian Sun Mei Zhang Department of Pulmonology Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Department of Gastroenterology Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China School of Human Nutrition Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMcGill UniversityMontreal H9X 3V9QuebecCanada Department of Emergency Medicine Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China

BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has rapidly evolved into a global ***-19 is clinically categorized into mild,moderate,severe,and critical *** kidney injury is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients *** cystatin C(s Cys C)is considered a more sensitive biomarker for early renal insufficiency than conventional indicators of renal *** detection of risk factors that affect the prognosis of severe and critically ill patients while using active and effective treatment measures is very important and can effectively reduce the potential mortality *** To determine the predictive value of s Cys C for the prognosis of patients with *** The clinical data of 101 severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 at a designated hospital in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China were analyzed *** to the clinical outcome,the patients were divided into a discharge group(64 cases)and a death group(37 cases).The general information,underlying diseases,and laboratory examination indexes of the two groups were *** Cox regression was used to explore the relationship between s Cys C and *** receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of s Cys C and its optimal cut-off value for predicting *** There were significant differences in age,s Cys C,creatinine,C-reactive protein,serum albumin,creatine kinase-MB,alkaline phosphatase,lactate dehydrogenase,neutrophil count,and lymphocyte count between the two groups(P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that s Cys C was an independent risk factor for death in patients with COVID-19(Odds ratio=1.812,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.300-2.527,P<0.001).The area under the ROC curve was 0.755(95%CI:1.300-2.527),the cut-off value was 0.80,the specificity was 0.562,and the sensitivity was *** s Cys C is an independent risk

关键词： COVID-19 Cystatin C Acute kidney injury Renal function Coronavirus infections Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Does Parental Migration Affect Left-Behind Children’s Social Anxiety?A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第5期26卷 335-343页

作者： Yao Wang xiaojiao Li Panpan yang Zengyan Yu Mental Health School Qiqihar Medical UniversityQiqihar161000China School of Ethnology and Sociology Yunnan UniversityKunming650000China

Social anxiety is a common psychological problem among left-behind children(LBC)and has been a popular issue in recent *** with higher levels of social anxiety have more emotional and behavioral problems and are prone to negative life *** several studies have explored the differences in social anxiety between LBC and non-left-behind children(N-LBC),the findings have not been *** this study,a systematic review and meta-analysis method was used,with 411 papers retrieved on October 01,2023,from Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science,and Chinese databases(CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang)(PROSPERO registry number:CRD42023472463).Twenty-one studies met the research criteria and included 11,254 LBC and 13,096 *** scored significantly higher for social anxiety([WMD(95%CI):0.35[0.23,0.48],p<0.001])and social avoidance and distress([WMD(95%CI):0.35[0.23,0.48],p<0.001]).Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in effect sizes for the overall proportion of children left behind(p=0.02).In addition,different types of parental migration may influence the social anxiety of LBC,double-parent migration was associated higher social anxiety than father migration(p<0.001).Future research should focus on treatments to decrease social anxiety of left-behind *** findings suggest that due to the long-term absence of parental migration,LBC are more vulnerable to negative emotional experiences and behaviours such as anxiety,distress,and avoidance during social interaction,especially for those with both parents absent from the *** research should focus on treatments to reduce social anxiety in LBC.

关键词： Parental migration left-behind children social anxiety meta-analysis

Dust Condensation of SiC, SiO in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stellar Winds-SiC Spectrum

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 13-20页

作者： Ruiqing Wu Chunhua Zhu Guoliang Lu Shuming yang Zhisen Meng xiaojiao Zhang Xizhen Lu Jinlong Yu Wujin Chen Mengqiu Long School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Microelectronics and Physics Hunan University of Technology and BusinessChangsha 410205China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Tarim UniversityAlar 843300China School of Medicine Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830011China

We have chosen the Large Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) code to calculate the coalescence of silicon carbide (SiC),silicon oxide dust (SiO) in the AGB stellar *** is a classica molecular dynamics simulation *** the same time,we consider the effect of temperature on the evolution of molecular *** also calculated the temperature change of non-spherical SiC,SiO dust *** condensation temperature range of SiC dust in the AGB stellar wind is[300–500]k and[900–1100]k for SiO Finally,the infrared spectrum of SiC was calculated using Gaussian 16 *** 77SiC,70Si_(3)C_(3),and 121Si_(3)C_(3) models have clear characteristic peaks of infrared spectra responding at 5,8.6,11.3,15,19,and 37μm.

关键词： stars AGB and post-AGB infrared ISM-(ISM:)dust-extinction

Beamspace maximum likelihood algorithm based on sum and difference beams for elevation estimation

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第3期35卷 589-598页

作者： CHEN Sheng ZHAO Yongbo HU Yili PANG xiaojiao National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

Beamspace super-resolution methods for elevation estimation in multipath environment has attracted significant attention, especially the beamspace maximum likelihood(BML)algorithm. However, the difference beam is rarely used in superresolution methods, especially in low elevation estimation. The target airspace information in the difference beam is different from the target airspace information in the sum beam. And the use of difference beams does not significantly increase the complexity of the system and algorithms. Thus, this paper applies the difference beam to the beamformer to improve the elevation estimation performance of BML algorithm. And the direction and number of beams can be adjusted according to the actual needs. The theoretical target elevation angle root means square error(RMSE) and the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms are analyzed. Finally, computer simulations and real data processing results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： elevation estimation beamspace multipath environment maximum likelihood

CEO绿色变革型领导与企业双元绿色创新:被调节的中介模型

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生态经济 2023年第1期39卷 87-94页

作者：杨陈杨小娇重庆理工大学管理学院重庆400054

绿色创新是企业减少碳排放,实现碳中和的重要路径,而从CEO领导行为视角探讨企业绿色创新形成机理的研究并不多见。论文整合高阶理论和双元理论,剖析了CEO绿色变革型领导对企业双元绿色创新的作用机制和边界条件。对154家制造业企业的CE... 详细信息

绿色创新是企业减少碳排放,实现碳中和的重要路径,而从CEO领导行为视角探讨企业绿色创新形成机理的研究并不多见。论文整合高阶理论和双元理论,剖析了CEO绿色变革型领导对企业双元绿色创新的作用机制和边界条件。对154家制造业企业的CEO和高层管理者的两阶段匹配数据进行分析发现:CEO绿色变革型领导对企业双元绿色创新(探索性绿色创新和利用性绿色创新)具有直接的正向影响;企业前瞻型环境战略中介上述影响过程;同时,企业规模是影响CEO绿色变革型领导作用发挥的边界条件,即在企业规模较大时,CEO绿色变革型领导通过前瞻型环境战略影响企业双元绿色创新(探索性绿色创新和利用性绿色创新)的正向影响更强。

关键词：绿色变革型领导双元绿色创新前瞻型环境战略企业规模