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Structural engineered living materials

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 715-733页

作者： yang Geng Zian jia Ling Li 635 Prices Fork Road Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg VA24061USA

Biological structural materials not only exhibit remarkable mechanical properties but also often embody dynamic characteristics such as environmental responsiveness,autonomy,and self-healing,which are difficult to achieve in conventional engineering materials.By merging materials science,synthetic biology,and other disciplines,engineered living materials(ELMs)provide a promising solution to combine living organisms with abiotic components,thus facilitating the construction of functional“living”materials.Like natural materials,ELMs possess vitality and hold immense application potential in areas such as medicine,electronics,and construction,captivating increasing research attention recently.As an emerging branch of ELMs,structural ELMs aim to mimic living biological structural materials by achieving desired mechanical performance while maintaining important“living”characteristics.Here we summarize the recent progress and provide our perspectives for this emerging research area.We first summarize the superiority of structural ELMs by reviewing biological structural materials and biomimetic material design strategies.Subsequently,we provide a systematic discussion on the definition and classifications of structural ELMs,their mechanical performance,and physiological behaviors.Finally,we summarize some critical challenges faced by structural ELMs and highlight directions of future development.We hope this review article can provide a timely summary of the state of the art and relevant perspectives for future development of structural ELMs.

关键词： structural materials engineered living materials(ELMs) structural ELMs composites mechanical properties

Towards efficient generative AI and beyond-AI computing:New trends on ISSCC 2024 machine learning accelerators

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第4期45卷 12-15页

作者： Bohan yang jia Chen Fengbin Tu Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of the Gifted Young University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026Chin

Compared to the last decade when the convolution neu-ral network(CNN)dominated the research field,machine learn-ing(ML)algorithms have reached a pivotal moment called the generative artificial intelligence(AI)era.With the emer-gence of large-scale foundation models[1],such as large multi-modal model(LMM)GPT-4[2]and text-to-image generative model DALL·E[3].

关键词： ISSCC beyond AI

Case Studies of the Microphysical and Kinematic Structure of Summer Mesoscale Precipitation Clouds over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 97-114页

作者： Shuo jia Jiefan yang Hengchi LEI Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Three cases of microphysical characteristics and kinematic structures in the negative temperature region of summer mesoscale cloud systems over the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP)were investigated using X-band dual-polarization radar.The time-height series of radar physical variables and mesoscale horizontal divergence δderived by quasi-vertical profiles(QVPs)indicated that the dendritic growth layer(DGL,-20°C to-10°C)was ubiquitous,with large-value zones of K_(DP)(specific differential phase),Z_(DR)(differential reflectivity),or both,and corresponded to various dynamic fields(ascent or descent).Ascents in the DGL of cloud systems with vigorous vertical development were coincident with large-value zones of Z_(DR),signifying ice crystals with a large axis ratio,but with no obvious large values of K_(DP),which differs from previous findings.It is speculated that ascent in the DGL promoted ice crystals to undergo further growth before sinking.If there was descent in the DGL,a high echo top corresponded to large values of K_(DP),denoting a large number concentration of ice crystals;but with the echo top descending,small values of K_(DP) formed.This is similar to previous results and reveals that a high echo top is conducive to the generation of ice crystals.When ice particles fall to low levels(-10℃ to 0℃),they grow through riming,aggregation,or deposition,and may not be related to the kinematic structure.It is important to note that this study was only based on a limited number of cases and that further research is therefore needed.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau polarimetric variables microphysics dendritic growth layer kinematic structure aggregation riming

A review of structural modification and biological activities of oleanolic acid

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第1期22卷 15-30页

作者： yang Huali DENG Minghui jia Hongwei ZHANG Kaicheng LIU yang CHENG Maosheng XIAO Wei State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.Lianyungang 222001China Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design&Discovery of Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China

Oleanolic acid(OA),a pentacyclic triterpenoid,exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities,including antitumor,antiviral,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,hepatoprotective,hypoglycemic,and hypolipidemic effects.Since its initial isolation and identification,numerous studies have reported on the structural modifications and pharmacological activities of OA and its derivatives.Despite this,there has been a dearth of comprehensive reviews in the past two decades,leading to challenges in subsequent research on OA.Based on the main biological activities of OA,this paper comprehensively summarized the modification strategies and structureactivity relationships(SARs)of OA and its derivatives to provide valuable reference for future investigations into OA.

关键词： Oleanolic acid Derivatives Pentacyclic triterpenoid Structural modification Biological activities

Data-driven Reactive Power Optimization of Distribution Networks via Graph Attention Networks

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 874-885页

作者： Wenlong Liao Dechang yang Qi Liu Yixiong jia Chenxi Wang Zhe yang Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) the College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Energy Digitalization Laboratory) The University of Hong Kong the Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Reactive power optimization of distribution networks is traditionally addressed by physical model based methods, which often lead to locally optimal solutions and require heavy online inference time consumption. To improve the quality of the solution and reduce the inference time burden, this paper proposes a new graph attention networks based method to directly map the complex nonlinear relationship between graphs(topology and power loads) and reactive power scheduling schemes of distribution networks, from a data-driven perspective. The graph attention network is tailored specifically to this problem and incorporates several innovative features such as a self-loop in the adjacency matrix, a customized loss function, and the use of max-pooling layers. Additionally, a rulebased strategy is proposed to adjust infeasible solutions that violate constraints. Simulation results on multiple distribution networks demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other machine learning based methods in terms of the solution quality and robustness to varying load conditions. Moreover, its online inference time is significantly faster than traditional physical model based methods, particularly for large-scale distribution networks.

关键词： Distribution networks Reactive power Load modeling Transformers Machine learning algorithms Inference algorithms Static VAr compensators

Pressure transient characteristics of non-uniform conductivity fractured wells in viscoelasticity polymer flooding based on oil-water two-phase flow

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 343-351页

作者： yang Wang jia Zhang Shi-Long yang Ze-Xuan Xu Shi-Qing Cheng National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China

Polymer flooding in fractured wells has been extensively applied in oilfields to enhance oil recovery.In contrast to water,polymer solution exhibits non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior such as effects of shear thinning and shear thickening,polymer convection,diffusion,adsorption retention,inaccessible pore volume and reduced effective permeability.Meanwhile,the flux density and fracture conductivity along the hydraulic fracture are generally non-uniform due to the effects of pressure distribution,formation damage,and proppant breakage.In this paper,we present an oil-water two-phase flow model that captures these complex non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior,and non-uniform fracture characteristics in fractured polymer flooding.The hydraulic fracture is firstly divided into two parts:high-conductivity fracture near the wellbore and low-conductivity fracture in the far-wellbore section.A hybrid grid system,including perpendicular bisection(PEBI)and Cartesian grid,is applied to discrete the partial differential flow equations,and the local grid refinement method is applied in the near-wellbore region to accurately calculate the pressure distribution and shear rate of polymer solution.The combination of polymer behavior characterizations and numerical flow simulations are applied,resulting in the calculation for the distribution of water saturation,polymer concentration and reservoir pressure.Compared with the polymer flooding well with uniform fracture conductivity,this non-uniform fracture conductivity model exhibits the larger pressure difference,and the shorter bilinear flow period due to the decrease of fracture flow ability in the far-wellbore section.The field case of the fall-off test demonstrates that the proposed method characterizes fracture characteristics more accurately,and yields fracture half-lengths that better match engineering reality,enabling a quantitative segmented characterization of the near-wellbore section with high fracture conductivity and the far-wellbore section with low fracture conduct

关键词： Polymer flooding Non-Newtonian fluid Non-uniform fracture conductivity Two-phase flow Pressure transient analysis

MicroR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 co-target Akt to regulate Lasioderma serricorne reproduction

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 106-118页

作者： Yi Yan Dong-Dong Qin Hong yang Kang-Kang Xu Can Li Wen-jia yang Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region Institute of EntomologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region College of Biology and Environmental EngineeringGuiyang UniversityGuiyangChina

High fecundity is a common characteristic of insect pests which increases the difficulty of population control.Serine/threonine kinase Akt is an indispensable component of the insulin signaling pathway.Silencing of LsAkt severely hinders reproduction in Lasioderma serricorne,a stored product insect pest.However,the post-transcriptional pathway of LsAkt in L.serricorne remains unknown.This study identified 2 binding sites of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 in the coding sequences of LsAkt.The expression profiles of 2 microRNAs(miRNAs)and LsAkt displayed an opposite pattern during the adult stages.Luciferase reporter assay showed that novel-mir50 and miR-9c-5p could downregulate the expression of LsAkt.Overexpression of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 by injection of mimics inhibited the expression of LsAkt and reduced oviposition,decreased egg hatchability,and blocked ovarian development.It also decreased the expression of genes involved in ovarian development(LsVg and LsVgR)and the nutritional signaling pathway(LsTOR,LsS6K,and Ls4EBP),and reduced the phosphorylation of Akt.Conversely,injection of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 inhibitors induced the expressions of LsAkt,LsVg,LsVgR,LsTOR,LsS6K,and Ls4EBP,enhanced Akt phosphorylation level,and accelerated ovarian development.Injection of bovine insulin downregulated the expression of miR-9c-5p and novel-mir50 and upregulated the LsAkt expression.It also rescued the reproductive development defects associated with miR-9c-5p/novel-mir50 overexpression,forming a positive regulatory loop of insulin signaling.These results indicate that miR-9c-5p/novel-mir50 regulates the female reproduction of L.serricorne by targeting Akt in response to insulin signaling.The data also demonstrate the effects of the insulin/miRNA/Akt regulatory axis in insect reproduction.

关键词： Akt insulin Lasioderma serricorne microRNA reproduction

Advances of graphdiyne-supported metal catalysts in thermocatalytic reactions

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2223-2233页

作者： jia Yu Yida yang Yuliang Li Changyan Cao Weiguo Song Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesLaboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesLaboratory of organic solidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Supported metal catalysts are widely used in the modern chemical industry.The electronic interaction between supports and active components is of great significance for heterogeneous catalysis.Graphdiyne(GDY),a new type of carbon allotrope with sp-hybridized carbon atoms,πconjugate structure,and electron transmission capability,is a promising candidate as catalyst support.Recent years have witnessed the rapid progress of GDY-supported metal catalysts for different catalysis reactions.Considering that most processes in the current chemical industry are thermocatalytic reactions,we herein give an overview about the advances and particular characteristics of GDY-supported catalysts in these reactions.The geometric structure and electronic properties of GDY are first introduced.Then,the synthesis methods for GDY-supported metal catalysts and their applications in thermocatalytic reactions are discussed,in which the effect of electronic interaction on catalytic performance is highlighted.Finally,the current challenges and future directions of GDY-supported metal catalysts for thermocatalysis are proposed.It is expected that this review will enrich our understanding of the advances of GDY as a superior support for metal catalysts in thermocatalytic reactions.

关键词： graphdiyne metal catalysts thermocatalytic reactions heterogeneous catalysis

Lipid metabolism-related long noncoding RNA RP11-817I4.1 promotes fatty acid synthesis and tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 919-942页

作者： Ren-Yong Wang jia-Ling yang Ning Xu jia Xu Shao-Hua yang Dao-Ming Liang Jin-Ze Li Hong Zhu Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming 650106Yunnan ProvinceChina School of Basic Medical Sciences Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166Jiangsu ProvinceChina Wuhan Blood Center Wuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The Third People's Hospital of Hubei ProvinceWuhan 430071Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common types of tumors.The influence of lipid metabolism disruption on the development of HCC has been demonstrated in published studies.AIM To establish an HCC prognostic model for lipid metabolism-related long non-coding RNAs(LMR-lncRNAs)and conduct in-depth research on the specific role of novel LMR-lncRNAs in HCC.METHODS Correlation and differential expression analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas data were used to identify differentially expressed LMR-lncRNAs.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to evaluate the expression of LMR-lncRNAs.Nile red staining was employed to observe intracellular lipid levels.The interaction between RP11-817I4.1,miR-3120-3p,and ATP citrate lyase(ACLY)was validated through the performance of dual-luciferase reporter gene and RIP assays.RESULTS Three LMR-lncRNAs(negative regulator of antiviral response,RNA transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 1 antisense RNA 1,and RP11-817I4.1)were identified as predictive markers for HCC patients and were utilized in the construction of risk models.Additionally,proliferation,migration,and invasion were reduced by RP11-817I4.1 knockdown.An increase in lipid levels in HCC cells was significantly induced by RP11-817I4.1 through the miR-3120-3p/ACLY axis.CONCLUSION LMR-lncRNAs have the capacity to predict the clinical characteristics and prognoses of HCC patients,and the discovery of a novel LMR-lncRNAs,RP11-817I4.1,revealed its role in promoting lipid accumulation,thereby accelerating the onset and progression of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Lipid metabolism Immune microenvironment Prognostic markers Metabolic reprogramming