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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Biomimetic Sensors:Active Electrolocation of Weakly Electric Fish as a Model for Active Sensing in Technical Systems

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第2期4卷 85-90页

作者： Gerhard von der Emde Zoological Institute University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany

Instead of vision, many nocturnal animals use alternative senses for navigation and object detection in their dark environment. For this purpose, weakly electric mormyrid fish employ active electrolocation, during which they discharge a specialized electric organ in their tail which discharges electrical pulses. Each discharge builds up an electrical field around the fish, which is sensed by cutaneous electroreceptor organs that are distributed over most of the body surface of the fish. Nearby objects distort this electrical field and cause a local alteration in current flow in those electroreceptors that are closest to the object. By constandy monitoring responses of its electroreceptor organs, a fish can detect, localize, and identify environmental objects. Inspired by the remarkable capabilities of weakly electric fish in detecting and recognizing objects, we designed technical sensor systems that can solve similar problems of remote object sensing. We applied the principles of active electrolocation to technical systems by building devices that produce electrical current pulses in a conducting medium （water or ionized gases） and simultaneously sense local current density. Depending on the specific task a sensor was designed for devices could （i） detect an object, （ii） localize it in space, （iii） determine its distance, and （iv） measure properties such as material properties, thickness, or material faults. Our systems proved to be relatively insensitive to environmental disturbances such as heat, pressure, or turbidity. They have a wide range of applications including material identification, quality control, non-contact distance measurements, medical applications and many more. Despite their astonishing capacities, our sensors still lag far behind what electric fish are able to achieve during active electrolocation. The understanding of the neural principles governing electric fish sensory physiology and the corresponding optimization of our sensors to solve

关键词： biomimetic weakly electric fish sensory system electrolocation sensor

VARIATIONAL DISCRETIZATION OF A CONTROL-CONSTRAINED PARABOLIC BANG-BANG OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEM

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2020年第1期38卷 14-40页

作者： Nikolaus von Daniels Michael Hinze Schwerpunkt Optimierung und Approximation Universitat HamburgBundesstrase 5520146 HamburgGermany

We consider a control-constrained parabolic optimal control problem without Tikhonov term in the tracking *** the numerical treatment,we use variational discretization of its Tikhonov regularization:For the state and the adjoint equation,we apply Petrov-Galerkin schemes in time and usual conforming finite elements in *** prove a-priori estimates for the error between the discretized regularized problem and the limit *** these estimates are not robust if the regularization parameter tends to zero,we establish robust estimates,which--depending on the problem's regularity——enhance the previous *** the special case of bang-bang solutions,these estimates are further improved.A numerical example confirms our analytical findings.

关键词： Optimal control Heat equation Control constraints Finite elements A-priori error estimates Bang-bang controls

Ectodysplasin A2 receptor-NF-κB-inducing kinase axis: a new player in muscle wasting to cancer cachexia

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5139-5140页

作者： Janusz von Renesse Peter Mirtschink Department of Visceral Thoracic and Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital and Faculty of Medicine DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany National Center for Tumor Diseases(NCT) Partner Site DresdenDresdenGerman Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome characterized by weight loss,muscle atrophy,and metabolic dysregulation,impeding cancer treatment and reducing patients’quality of *** can be seen as end-stage systemic manifestation common to various chronic *** triggers like aging,COPD,HIV,and cancer result in unresolved metabolic or inflammatory stress,leading to a maladaptive state.

关键词： cancer Cancer atrophy

A Dilemma of Language: “Natural Disasters” in Academic Literature

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第3期10卷 283-292页

作者： Ksenia Chmutina Jason von Meding School of Architecture Building and Civil EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK Florida Institute for Built Environment Resilience Universityof FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA

For decades sections of the academic community have been emphasizing that disasters are not ***, politicians, the media, various international organizations—and, more surprisingly, many established researchers working in disaster studies—are still widely using the expression 'natural disaster.' We systematically analyzed the usage of the expression 'natural disaster' by disaster studies researchers in 589 articles in six key academic journals representative of disaster studies research,and found that authors are using the expression in three principal ways:(1) delineating natural and human-induced hazards;(2) using the expression to leverage popularity;and(3) critiquing the expression 'natural disaster.' We also identified vulnerability themes that illustrate the context of 'natural disaster' usage. The implications of continuing to use this expression, while explicitly researching human vulnerability, are wide-ranging, and we explore what this means for us and our peers. This study particularly aims to stimulate debate within the disaster studies research community and related fields as to whether the term 'natural disaster' is really fit for purpose moving forward.

关键词： Academic communication Disasters Natural hazards Language

QoS Guided Min—Min Heuristic for Grid Task Scheduling

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2003年第4期18卷 442-451页

作者：何晓珊孙贤和 Gregor von Laszewski Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology IL USA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory IL USA

Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains. A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues. One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achieve high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources. This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced. The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS *** algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment. The experimental results show that the new QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications. The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information.

关键词： QoS 任务调度网格计算服务质量非贡献计算

Food contamination as a pathway for lead exposure in children during the 2010–2013 lead poisoning epidemic in Zamfara,Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 260-272页

作者： Simba Tirima Casey Bartrem Ian von Lindern Margrit von Braun Douglas Lind Shehu Mohamed Anka Aishat Abdullahi TerraGraphics International Foundation MoscowID 83843USA University of Idaho Environmental Science ProgramMoscowID 83843USA Zamfara Environmental Sanitation Agency Zamfara StateNigeria

In 2010, an estimated 400 to 500 children died of acute lead poisoning associated with artisanal gold mining in Zamfara, Nigeria. Processing of gold ores containing up to 10% lead within residential compounds put residents, especially children, at the highest risk. Principal routes of exposure were incidental ingestion and inhalation of contaminated soil and dusts. Several Nigerian and international health organizations collaborated to reduce lead exposures through environmental remediation and medical treatment. The contribution of contaminated food to total lead exposure was assessed during the environmental health response. Objectives of this investigation were to assess the influence of cultural/dietary habits on lead exposure pathways and estimate the contribution of contaminated food to children＇s blood lead levels（BLLs）. A survey of village dietary practices and staple food lead content was conducted to determine dietary composition, caloric intakes, and lead intake. Potential blood lead increments were estimated using bio-kinetic modeling techniques. Most dietary lead exposure was associated with contamination of staple cereal grains and legumes during post-harvest processing and preparation in contaminated homes. Average post-harvest and processed cereal grain lead levels were 0.32 mg/kg and 0.85 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Age-specific food lead intake ranged from 7 to 78 μg/day. Lead ingestion and absorption were likely aggravated by the dusty environment, fasting between meals, and nutritional deficiencies. Contamination of staple cereal grains by highly bioavailable pulverized ores could account for as much as 11%–34% of children＇s BLLs during the epidemic, and were a continuing source after residential soil remediation until stored grain inventories were exhausted.

关键词： Artisanal mining Environmental health Lead poisoning Nigerian environmentalcontamination Dietary exposures Para-occupational exposuresChildren's health