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Implications of de Facto Reuse on Future Regulatory Developments for Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority in Okatie, South Carolina, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第2期15卷 173-192页

作者： Tricia h. Kilgore Shubhashini Oza Jeremy hatfield Katherine y. Bell Department of Technology and Innovation Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Okatie SC USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Charlotte NC USA Department of Digital Solutions Brown and Caldwell Cleveland OH USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters that supply drinking water treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population growth. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority (BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human h

关键词： Water Reuse De Facto Reuse Planned Potable Reuse Water Recycling Wastewater Derived Contaminants

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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching Pev energies in the W51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LhAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu y.X.Bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi y.J.Bi W.Bian A.v.Bukevich Q.Cao W.y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen h.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.h.Chen S.Chen S.h.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen y.Chen N.Cheng y.D.Cheng M.y.Cui S.W.Cui X.h.Cui y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.h.Fan y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.h.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng h.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng X.T.Feng y.Feng y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.h.Gong Q.B.Gou M.h.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.han M.hasan h.h.he h.N.he J.y.he y.he y.K.hor B.W.hou C.hou X.hou h.B.hu Q.hu S.C.hu D.h.huang T.Q.huang W.J.huang X.T.huang X.y.huang y.huang X.L.Ji h.y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.M.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.Liu y.N.Liu Q.Luo y.Luo h.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.h.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri h.J.Mu y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei J.C.Qi M.y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu h.C.Song yu.v.Stenkin v.Stepanov y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.h.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang h.G.Wang h.h.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang P.h.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.y.Wang y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen C.y.Wu h.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao y.L.Xin y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.h.yan J.Z.yan T.yan C.W.yang C.y.yang F.yang F.F.yang L.L.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang W.X.yang y.h.yao Z.G.yao L.Q.yin N.yin X.h.you Z.y.you y.h.yu Q.yuan h.yue h.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang h.Zhang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(CRs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LhAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LhAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 Tev and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 Tev or a power-law break at~200 Tev in the CR proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the Pev ***,two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs.

关键词： UhE c-ray Cosmic rays SNR W51C Star clusters

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Effect of mitomycin C on the corneal endothelial cells of Saudi patients with myopia after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy:a two-armed cohort study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 909-915页

作者： Sultan h Alrashidi Department of Ophthalmology College of MedicineQassim UniversityBuraidah 51452Saudi Arabia

AIM:To study the effect of mitomycin C(MMC)applied during transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)on the corneal endothelium one week(W1)and three months(M3)after surgery and its ***:In this two-armed cohort study conducted in 2022,eyes treated with MMC during TPRK(group 1)were compared with eyes not treated with MMC(group 2).The corneal endothelial cell(EC)count,EC density(ECD;cells/mm2),average(μm2),standard deviation(μm2),coefficient of variation(Cv%),ECmax,ECmin,and EC percentage of hexagonality were estimated at W1 and *** postoperative changes in the EC count in the two groups were compared and correlated with the other independent ***:Group 1 had 26 eyes,and group 2 had 78 *** TPRK indices were significantly higher for the eyes in group 1 than for those in group *** MMC usage was not a significant predictor of the change in ECD(P=0.644),change in Cv(P=0.374),and change in the percentage of hexagonality of EC(P=0.164)at ***,the use of MMC was a significant predictor of changes in Cv(P=0.014)and the change in the percentage of hexagonality of EC(P=0.039)at *** duration of laser exposure and the size of the optical zone influenced the correlation of MMC use with the changes in EC indices,***:The use of MMC doesn’t affect ECD,Cv,and percentage of hexagonality at W1 if other surgical indices are *** M3 after operating myopic eyes by TPRK,MMC significantly influence the Cv and percentage of *** duration of the laser application and the size of the optical zone should be considered when determining the effect of MMC on the EC indices.

关键词： transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy mitomycin-C corneal endothelium

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Geochemistry and mineralogy of beach sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico,Tamaulipas state,Mexico:implication for provenance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 375-400页

作者： Mayank Shukla Sanjeet K.verma Mayla A.Ramos-vázquez John S.Armstrong-Altrin Karla R.hernández-Martínez Sumit Mishra vivek P.Malviya héctor hernández-Mendoza Posgrado de la Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San José2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San Jose 2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUnidad de ProcesosOceanicos y CosterosCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de México 04510Mexico Department of Marine Sciences Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620024Tamil NaduIndia Instituto de Geociencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MéxicoBoulevard Juriquilla 300176230JuriquillaQueretaroMexico Department of Applied Geology Dr.Harisingh Gour Central UniversitySagar470002Madhya PradeshIndia Instituto de Investigacion de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autònoma de San Luis PotosíAltair 200CP 78377San LuisS.L.P.Mexico Universidad del Centro de Mexico Capitán Caldera 75CP 78250San LuisS.L.P.Mexico

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were performed in the La Pesca(LP)and Tesoro Altamira(TA)beach sediments,located in the Tamaulipas state,northern Gulf of *** main aim of this study is to infer the weathering history and provenance and to discriminate the tectonic environment of the beach *** sediments are composed of quartz with small amounts of accessory minerals such as plagioclase,calcite,orthoclase,microcline,and *** beach sediments are classified as fine-grained and very well sorted,however LP has coarse skewed and leptokurtic sediments,whereas TA has fine-skewed and very leptokurtic *** chemical index of weathering(CIW’)indicates intense weathering in the source *** quartz grain microtextures in the LP and TA are classified into mechanical,chemical,and mechanical/chemical *** features such as fractures,pits,percussion marks,abrasion fatigue,and v-shaped marks favor high-energy littoral,fluvial,subaqueous-marine,and aeolian *** chemical features indicate solution pits and crystalline overgrowth,which suggests a silica saturated marine *** mechanical/chemical features display adhering particles and elongated depressions suggest formation in a sub-aqueous nearshore marine *** and trace elements-based provenance discrimination diagrams indicate a felsic source derived from the Mesa Central(MC),Sierra Madre Oriental(SMOr)and Oaxaquia *** major and trace element concentrations imply a passive margin setting for the northern Gulf of Mexico,which is consistent with the general geology.

关键词： Beach sediments Geochemistry Mineralogy Provenance Tamaulipas Tectonic setting

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Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(ADGRL1):a novel regulator of glucose and energy homeostasis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3143-3144页

作者： Kavaljit h.Chhabra Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

Recently,I read with interest the research article entitled'Dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPhN1)increases the risk of obesity published in Signal Transduction and Targeted *** report confirms and extends our findings that ADGRL1(aka latrophilin 1)regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis.?Using affinity chromatography coupled with proteomics and electrophysiology,we showed that ADGRL1 is likely a glucose receptor in the *** findings demonstrated that lack of ADGRL1 in the hypothalamus or whole-body causes obesity and features of type 2 diabetes in *** is refreshing to see Dietzsch et al.i reached the same conclusion.

关键词： homeostasis obesity hypothalamus

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Prompt neutron emission in ^(250)No spontaneous fission associated with ground and isomeric state decays

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 112-117页

作者： R.S.Mukhin A.v.Isaev A.v.Andreev M.L.Chelnokov v.I.Chepigin h.M.Devaraja I.N.Izosimov A.A.Kuznetsova O.N.Malyshev A.G.Popeko yu.A.Popov A.Rahmatinejad B.Sailaubekov T.M.Shneidman E.A.Sokol A.I.Svirikhin M.S.Tezekbayeva M.A.Bychkov A.v.yeremin O.Dorvaux B.Gall K.Kessaci K.hauschild A.Lopez-Martens Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna141980Russia Dubna State University Dubna141982Russia Institute of Nuclear Physics Almaty050032Kazakhstan L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University Astana010008Kazakhstan Kazan Federal University Kazan420008Russia Universitéde Strasbourg CNRSStrasbourg67000France IJCLab IN2P3-CNRSUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay91400France

The complete-fusion reaction^(204)Pb(^(48)Ca,2n)^(250)No was used to study two activities of^(250)No with distinct half-lives.A total of 1357 events were observed in the SFiNx neutron detection *** average number of neutrons emitted per spontaneous fission of^(250)No was determined to be(4.1±0.1).The unusually symmetrical shape of the prompt neutron multiplicity distribution was restored and presented for the first *** tests were performed to compare the prompt neutron multiplicity distributions associated with the ground state and K-isomer state decays.

关键词： spontaneous fission prompt neutrons actinide

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Ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group calculations for neutron-rich P,Cl,and K isotopes

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期48卷 181-190页

作者：谢萌冉沈留媛李健国李红蕙袁琪左维 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Neutron-rich P,Cl,and K isotopes,particularly those with neutron numbers of approximately N=28,have attracted extensive experimental and theoretical *** utilize the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group approach,based on chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces,to investigate the exotic properties of these *** calculations of the low-lying spectra are performed.A key finding is the level inversion between 3/2_(1)^(+)and 1/2_(1)^(+)states in odd-A isotopes,attributed to the inversion ofπ0xod_(3/2) andπls_(1/2) single-particle *** ab initio calculations,which incorporate the three-nucleon forces,correlate closely with existing experimental *** calculations of effective proton single-particle energies provide deeper insights into the shell evolution for Z=14 and 16 *** results indicate that the three-body force plays important roles in the shell evolution for Z=14 and 16 sub-shells with neutron numbers ranging from 20 to ***,systematic ab initio calculations are conducted for the low-lying spectra of odd-odd *** results correspond with experimental data and provide new insights for future research into these isotopes up to and beyond the drip line.

关键词： ab initio calculations shell evolution low-lying spectra

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Effect of degree of saturation on stresses and pore water pressure in the subgrade layer caused by railway track loading

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Railway Sciences 2024年第4期3卷 413-436页

作者： Mohammed y.Fattah Qutaiba G.Majeed hassan h.Joni Department of Civil Engineering UOTBaghdadIraq Department of Civil Engineering Diyala UniversityDiyalaIraq

Purpose-The experiments of this study investigated the effect of the subgrade degree of saturation on the value of the stresses generated on the surface and the middle(vertical and lateral stresses).The objectives of this study can be identified by studying the effect of subgrade layer degree of saturation variation,load amplitude and load frequency on the transmitted stresses through the ballast layer to the subgrade layer and the stress distribution inside it and investigating the excess pore water pressure development in the clay layer in the case of a fully saturated subgrade layer and the change in matric suction in the case of an unsaturated subgrade ***/methodology/approach-Thirty-six laboratory experiments were conducted using approximately half-scale replicas of real railways,with an iron box measuring 1.5×1.031.0 *** the box,a 0.5 m thick layer of clay soil representing the base layer was *** it is a 0.2 m thick ballast layer made of crushed stone,and on top of that is a 0.8 m long rail line supported by three 0.9 m(0.1×0.1 m)slipper *** subgrade layer has been built at the following various saturation levels:100,80,70 and 60%.Experiments were conducted with various frequencies of 1,2 and 4 hz with load amplitudes of 15,25 and 35 ***-The results of the study demonstrated that as the subgrade degree of saturation decreased from 100 to 60%,the ratio of stress in the lateral direction to stress in the vertical direction generated in the middle of the subgrade layer decreased as *** average,this ratio changed from approximately 0.75 to approximately ***/value-The study discovered that as the test proceeded and the number of cycles increased,the value of negative water pressure(matric suction)in the case of unsaturated subgrade soils *** frequency of loads had no bearing on the ratio of decline in matric suction values,which was greater under a larger load amplitude than a lower *** the test progr

关键词： Subgrade clay Unsaturated Track Matric suction Stresses

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Processes involving soil CO_(2)dynamic in a sector of Chaco-Pampean plain,Argentina:An isotope geochemical approach

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第5期43卷 947-958页

作者： Sanci Romina Panarello héctor Instituto de Geociencias Básicas Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires(IGEBA)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón IIPiso 1C1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica(INGEIS) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón INGEISC1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina

The magnitude and spatial variability of CO_(2)surface emissions and processes involving CO_(2)released to the atmosphere from the soils are relevant issues in the context of climate *** work evaluated CO_(2)fluxes and^(13)C/^(12)C ratio of vegetation,organic matter,and soil gases from no disturbed soils of Chaco Pampean Plain(Argentina)with different soil properties and environmental conditions(PL and PA units).Soil organic decomposition from individual layers was accompanied byδ^(13)C of total organic carbon(δ^(13)C-TOC)values more enriched to depth.δ^(13)C-TOC values in the upper soil profile~ca.0–15 cm were like the plant community of this area(~−33 to−29‰)whileδ^(13)CTOC varied stronger bellow horizon A,till~−24‰.Bothδ^(13)C-TOC and soilδ^(13)C-CO_(2)were similar(~−24 to 26‰)at deeper horizons(~50–60 cm).Toward the superficial layers,δ^(13)C-TOC andδ^(13)C-CO_(2)showed more differences(till~4‰),due influence of the diffusion *** A layer(~0–20 cm)from both PL and PA units contained the most enrichedδ^(13)C-CO_(2)values(~−15–17‰)because atmospheric CO_(2)permeated the soil air.A simple two-component mixing model between sources(atmosphericδ^(13)C-CO_(2)and soil CO_(2))confirmed that ***,CO_(2)fluxes reflected the biodegradation of C3 plants(source),diffusive transport,and CO_(2)exchange(atmosphere/soil).Soil moisture content appeared as a determining factor in the diffusion process and the magnitude of CO_(2)surface emissions(12–60 g·m^(−2)·d^(−1)).That condition was confirmed by CO_(2)diffusion coefficients estimated by air-filled porosity parameters and soil radon gradient model.

关键词： Soil CO_(2) Carbon isotopes Isotope fractionation Radon gases

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由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LhAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-yu Liu Ruizhi yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UhE)up to a few Pev in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super Pevatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 Pev.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 Tev)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-Tev sources,an enhanced concentration of UhEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

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