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Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. these high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Emissions of Er3+ and yb3+ co-doped SrZrO3 nanocrystals under near-infrared and near-ultraviolet excitations

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2020年第4期9卷 413-423页

作者： Hyeontae lim Juyeong lim Soyoung Jang y.S.Lee Department of Physics Soongsil UniversitySeoul06978Republic of Korea

In this study,the upconversion(UC)emissions of Er3+and yb3+co-doped SrZrO3 nanocrystals(NCs)were investigated in terms of the thermal annealing temperature and concentration of Er3+ions and compared with the emissions under a near-ultraviolet(near-UV)*** NCs were synthesized by the combustion method,and the as-synthesized NCs were post-annealed at high *** X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the grain sizes and crystallinity degrees of the samples increased with increasing annealing *** photoluminescence spectra of our samples exhibited strong green and very weak red emissions with the near-UV excitation,originating from the f-f transitions in the Er3+***,under near-infrared(near-IR)excitation,we identified sizable visible emissions at 525,547,and 660 nm in our NCs,which indicated that the UC process successfully occurred in our *** UC emissions were maximized in the NCs with an Er3+concentration of 0.02 and thermal annealing at 1000°*** found that the intensity ratios of red to green emissions increased with increasing annealing *** discussed the differences in the emissions between near-UV and near-IR excitations.

关键词： Er3+and yb3+co-doped SrZrO3 upconversion downshifting nanocrystals combustion method annealing temperature

Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Flexible Plate with Partitioned Coupling Method

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China Ocean Engineering 2019年第6期33卷 713-722页

作者： W.Z.,lim R.y.,Xiao Faculty of Computing Engineering and the Built EnvironmentBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamB47XGUnited Kingdom Department of Urban Engineering School of The Built Environment and ArchitectureLondon South Bank UniversityBorough RoadLondonSE10AAUnited Kingdom

the development and rapid usage of numerical codes for fluid-structure interaction(FSI) problems are of great relevance to researchers in many engineering fields such as civil engineering and ocean engineering. this multidisciplinary field known as FSI has been expanded to engineering fields such as offshore structures, tall slender structures and other flexible structures applications. the motivation of this paper is to investigate the numerical model of two-way coupling FSI partitioned flexible plate structure under fluid flow. the adopted partitioned method and approach utilized the advantage of the existing numerical algorithms in solving the two-way coupling fluid and structural interactions. the flexible plate was subjected to a fluid flow which causes large deformation on the fluid domain from the oscillation of the flexible plate. Both fluid and flexible plate are subjected to the interaction of load transfer within two physics by using the strong and weak coupling methods of MFS and Load transfer Physics Environment, respectively. the oscillation and deformation results have been validated which demonstrate the reliability of both strong and weak method in resolving the two-way coupling problem in contribution of knowledge to the feasibility field study of ocean engineering and civil engineering.

关键词： fluid-structure interaction flexible plate structure two-way coupling partitioned method numerical simulation

Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

Surface-modified elastomeric nanofluidic devices for single nanoparticle trapping

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第3期7卷 185-196页

作者： Deepika Sharma Roderick y.H.lim thomas Pfohl yasin Ekinci Swiss Nanoscience Institute 4056BaselSwitzerland Biozentrum University of Basel4056BaselSwitzerland Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology Paul Scherrer Institut5232VilligenSwitzerland Institute of Physics University of FreiburgD-79104FreiburgGermany

Our work focuses on the development of simpler and effective production of nanofluidic devices for high-throughput charged single nanoparticle trapping in an aqueous *** nanoparticle confinement using electrostatic trapping has been an effective approach to study the fundamental properties of charged molecules under a controlled aqueous ***,geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices are fabricated using SiOx-based substrates and comprise nanochannels imbedded with nanoindentations such as nanopockets,nanoslits and *** geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices can only trap negatively charged particles,and therefore,to trap positively charged particles,modification of the device surface is ***,the surface modification process of a nanofluidic device is cumbersome and time ***,here,we present a novel approach for the development of surface-modified geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices that reduces the surface modification time from nearly 5 days to just a few *** utilized polydimethylsiloxane for the development of a surface-modified geometry-induced electrostatic trapping *** demonstrate the device efficiency and success of the surface modification procedure,a comparison study between a PDMS-based geometry-induced electrostatic trapping device and the surface-modified polydimethylsiloxane-based device was *** device surface was modified with two layers of polyelectrolytes(1:poly(ethyleneimine)and 2:poly(styrenesulfonate)),which led to an overall negatively charged *** experiments revealed the presence of a homogeneous surface charge density inside the fluidic devices and equivalent trapping strengths for the surface-modified and native polydimethylsiloxane-based geometry-induced electrostatic trapping *** work paves the way towards broader use of geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices in the fields of biosensing,disease d

关键词： trapping modified fluid

theory and Modeling of Phase transformations under Stress in Steel

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 1-7页

作者： t.y. Hsu School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China

thermodynamic prediction of the increment of the formation temperature of proeutectoid ferrite by appliedstress is nearly consistent with the wxperfimental *** models for ferrite,pearlite and bainite transformations can be shown as modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation in which parameter b() varies with the level of applied *** effects of tensile and compressive stresses on enhancement of the ferrite/pearlite and bainite transformations are discussed,the necessity and approach of modification of additivity hypothesis are introduced and the results from modified equation in which some parameters are obtained by rfegression of two experimental results or taken from ttt and CCt diagrams of a cerftain steel are superior than that from Scheil’s *** calculation of Ms and nucleation kinetics equations of martensitic transformation under stress are *** of phase trasformations under stress in ferrous alloys is briefly

关键词：钢相位转换受力状态热力学动力学成核现象相加性假设铁合金

Synergistic and feedback signaling mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation in respiratory infections

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第2期9卷 131-135页

作者： Wenzhuo y Wang Jae Hyang lim Jian-Dong Li Center for Inflammation Immunity and Infection and Department of Biology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA

Pneumonia, the most typical and frequent lower respiratory tract infection （LRtI）, is a leading cause of health problems in the United States. Bacteria represent the most prevailing cause of pneumonia in both children and adults. Although pneumonia with a single bacterial infection is common, a significant portion of patients with pneumonia is polymicrobial. this infection is often complexed with other physiological factors such as cytokines and growth factors. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae （NtHi） is the most frequently recovered Gram-negative bacterial pathogen in the respiratory system and induces strong inflammatory responses. NtHi also synergizes with other respiratory pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and respiratory viruses and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha （tNF-α）. It is noteworthy that NtHi not only synergizes with growth factors such as transforming growth factor-beta （tGF-β）, but also utilizes growth factor receptors such as tGF-β receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）, to enhance inflammatory responses. Although appropriate inflammation is a protective response against invading pathogens, an uncontrolled inflammatory response is often detrimental to the host. thus, inflammation must be tightly regulated. the human immune system has evolved strategies for controlling overactive inflammatory response. One such important mechanism is via regulation of negative feedback regulators for inflammation. CyLD, a multifunctional deubiquitinase, was originally reported as a tumor suppressor, but was recently identified as a negative regulator for nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling. It is induced by NtHi and tNF-α via a NF-κB-dependent mechanism, thereby serving as an inducible negative feedback regulator for tightly controlling inflammation in NtHi infection.

关键词： CyLD negative regulation NF-κB nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae synergistic regulation

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).this,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute