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Surface engineering of ZnO electrocatalyst by n doping towards electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 71-81,I0002页

作者： Rohini Subhash Kanase Getasew Mulualem Zewdie Maheswari Arunachalam Jyoti Badiger Suzan Abdelfattah Sayed Kwang-Soon ahn Jun-Seok Ha Uk Sim Hyeyoung Shin Soon Hyung Kang Department of Interdisciplinary Program for Photonic Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology(GEST) Chungnam National University99 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Education and Optoelectronic Convergence Research Center Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Chemicals and Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering Korea Institute of Energy Technology(KENTECH)Naju 58217Republic of Korea

The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-based electrocatalyst was developed for use in gas-diffusion electrodes(GDE),and the effect of nitrogen(n)doping on the ECR activity of ZnO electrocatalysts was ***,a ZnO nanosheet was prepared via the hydrothermal method,and nitridation was performed at different times to control the n-doping *** an increase in the n-doping content,the morphological properties of the nanosheet changed significantly,namely,the 2D nanosheets transformed into irregularly shaped ***,the ECR performance of Zn O electrocatalysts with different n-doping content was assessed in 1.0 M KHCO_(3) electrolyte using a gas-diffusion electrode-based ECR *** the ECR activity increased after a small amount of n doping,it decreased for higher n doping *** them,the n:ZnO-1 h electrocatalysts showed the best CO selectivity,with a faradaic efficiency(FE_(CO))of 92.7%at-0.73 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was greater than that of an undoped Zn O electrocatalyst(FE_(CO)of 63.4%at-0.78 V_(RHE)).Also,the n:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding durability for 16 h,with a partial current density of-92.1 mA cm^(-2).This improvement of n:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst can be explained by density functional theory calculations,demonstrating that this improvement of n:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst comes from(ⅰ)the optimized active sites lowering the free energy barrier for the rate-determining step(RDS),and(ⅱ)the modification of electronic structure enhancing the electron transfer rate by n doping.

关键词： ZnO n-doped ZnO Gas-diffusion electrode CO Selectivity Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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Effect of Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+ doping on luminescent property of GdnbO4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 66-75页

作者： S.W.Wi y.S.Lee Department of Physics and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences Soongsil University

We investigated the emission properties of Eu3+-doped GdnbO4-based oxide phosphors,aiming at improving the Eu3+emission by codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Eu3+singly doped,Eu3+and Bi3+doubly doped,and Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+triply doped GdnbO4were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction *** red-orange emissions from Eu3+in the singly doped samples are significantly improved by the codoping of Bi3+,mainly due to the energy transfer from Bi3+to Eu3+.The additional codoping of Li+is found to increase the Eu3+emission *** improvement might be attributed to the increase in the photoluminescent quantum yield originating from larger grain sizes and better crystallinity.A detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern and the asymmetric ratio estimated from the photoluminescence spectra show that the local lattice environment around Eu3+in GdnbO4does not change significantly with the codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Our results indicate that Li+doping is a promising way to improve the emission properties of rare-earth ion-doped GdnbO4phosphors.

关键词： Eu 3+ GdnbO 4 Codoping of Li + Photoluminescence Sensitizer Rare earths

Predicting effects of tunnel throttling of annular freeway vehicular flow by a continuum model

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 733-746页

作者： Zhongmin Huang M.n.Smirnova n.n.Smirnov Zuojin Zhu Faculty of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics Lomonosov Moscow State University

Fluid flow throttling is common in industrial and building services engineering. Similar tunnel throttling of vehicular flow is caused by the abrupt number reduction of roadway lane, as the tunnel has a lower lane number than in the roadway normal segment. To predict the effects of tunnel throttling of annular freeway vehicular flow, a three-lane continuum model is developed. Lane Ⅲ of the tunnel is completely blocked due to the need of tunnel rehabilitation, etc. There exists mandatory net lane-changing rate from lane Ⅲ to lane Ⅱ just upstream of the tunnel entrance, which is described by a model of random number generated through a golden section analysis. The net-changing rate between adjacent lanes is modeled using a lane-changing time expressed explicitly in algebraic form. This paper assumes that the annular freeway has a total length of 100 km, a two-lane tunnel of length 2 km with a speed limit of 80 km/h. The free flow speeds on lanes Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ are assumed to be 110, 100 and 90 km/h respectively. Based on the three-lane continuum model, numerical simulations of vehicular flows on the annular freeway with such a tunnel are conducted with a reliable numerical method of 3rd-order accuracy. numerical results reveal that the vehicular flow has a smaller threshold of traffic jam formation in comparison with the case without tunnel throttling. Vehicle fuel consumption can be estimated by interpolation with time averaged grid traffic speed and an assumed curve of vehicle performance. The vehicle fuel consumption is lane number dependent, distributes with initial density concavely, ranging from 5.56 to 8.00 L. Tunnel throttling leads to an earlier traffic jam formation in comparison with the case without tunnel throttling.

关键词： Effects of tunnel throttling Vehicle fuel consumption Travel time Threshold of traffic jam formation Continuum model

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Growth of RB Population in the Conversion Phase of Chlamydia Life Cycle

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 90-112页

作者： Frederic y.M.Wan Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697-3875USA

Upon infecting a host cell,the reticulate body(RB)form of the Chlamydia bacteria simply proliferates by binary fission for an extended *** data show only RB units in the infected cells 20 hours post infection(hpi),spanning nearly half way through the development *** data collected every 4 hpi,conversion to the elementary body(EB)form begins abruptly at a rapid rate sometime around 24 *** modeling proliferation and conversion as simple birth and death processes,it has been shown that the optimal strategy for maximizing the total(mean)EB population at host cell lysis time is a bang-bang control qualitatively replicating the observed conversion ***,the simple birth and death model for the RB proliferation and conversion to EB deviates in a significant way from the available data on the evolution of the RB population after the onset of RB-to-EB *** working with a more refined model that takes into account a small size threshold eligibility requirement for conversion noted in the available data,we succeed in removing the deficiency of the previous models on the evolution of the RB population without affecting the optimal bang-bang conversion strategy.

关键词： Chlamydia Life cycle Optimal control Maximal infectious spread Specie competitive survival

Logical Image Acquisition and Analysis of Android Smartphones

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第4期12卷 139-152页

作者： nursel yalçın Tayfun yıldırım Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies Education Faculty of Education Gazi University Ankara T&#252rkiye Department of Computer Forensics Institute of Informatics Gazi University Ankara T&#252rkiye

Android smartphones largely dominate the smartphone market. For this reason, it is very important to examine these smartphones in terms of digital forensics since they are often used as evidence in trials. It is possible to acquire a physical or logical image of these devices. Acquiring physical and logical images has advantages and disadvantages compared to each other. Creating the logical image is done at the file system level. Analysis can be made on this logical image. Both logical image acquisition and analysis of the image can be done by software tools. In this study, the differences between logical image and physical image acquisition in Android smartphones, their advantages and disadvantages compared to each other, the difficulties that may be encountered in obtaining physical images, which type of image contributes to obtaining more useful and effective data, which one should be preferred for different conditions, and the benefits of having root authority are discussed. The practice of getting the logical image of the Android smartphones and making an analysis on the image is also included. Although root privileges are not required for logical image acquisition, it has been observed that very limited data will be obtained with the logical image created without root privileges. nevertheless, logical image acquisition has advantages too against physical image acquisition.

关键词： Android Smartphone Forensics Data Acquisition Data Analysis Root Privileges Digital Forensics

Towards defining soil quality of Mediterranean calcareous agricultural soils:Reference values and potential core indicator set

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 145-155页

作者： Germán A.Durán Daniel Sacristán Edelweis Farrús Jaume Vadell Institut de Recerca i FormacióAgrària i Pesquera de les Illes Balears C/Eusebi Estada14507009PalmaSpain Plant Biology Department University of Valencia46100BurjassotValenciaSpain Soil and Environmental Quality Department Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación-CIDE(CSIC-Universitat de València-Generalitat Valenciana)Carretera Moncada-Náquera km 4.546113MoncadaValenciaSpain Universitat de les Illes Balears Cra.De Valldemossakm 7507122PalmaSpain

To avoid soil degradation,adapt to climate change and comply with the Sustainable Development goals 2030(Un General Assembly),establishing the quality/fertility of the agricultural soils of the Mediterranean region and evaluate how these evolve with time is *** enables adequate management practices to be *** Mediterranean calcareous region has received little attention in this sense,in spite its soil ***,24 different representative calcareous agricultural soils of the Mediterranean region,including the main management strategies of agricultural soils(rainfed and irrigated),were sampled from the island of Mallorca;and their physical,chemical and biological properties *** values obtained for most of the soil characteristics allowed to establish an initial approach to the reference values for the type of calcareous agricultural soils considered,and to clearly distinguish the effect of rainfed or irrigation management practices on soils properties and *** enzyme activities were not stimulated by the irrigation conditions assayed or they were only in dry conditions,suggesting optimum enzyme activities could be obtained when alternating dry and humid soil *** organic carbon,calcium carbonate and active lime revealed of significant importance in the collection of ***,the results obtained clearly indicate the heterogeneity of the region and its implications on the different soil ***,this study could serve as a starting point to adequately establish the quality(fertility)for Mediterranean calcareous agricultural soils and their reference values by conducting further research in this region and including more type of soils.

关键词： Soil fertility Mediterranean agricultural soils Calcareous soils Soil enzymes Soil management

Microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging:super-resolution,non-destructive metrology for semiconductor devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1098-1111页

作者： Jangryul Park youngsun Choi Soonyang Kwon youngjun Lee Jiwoong Kim Jae-joon Kim Jihye Lee Jeongho ahn Hidong Kwak yusin yang Taeyong Jo Myungjun Lee Kwangrak Kim Metrology and Inspection Equipment R&D Team Mechatronics ResearchSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process Development Department DRAM Process Development TeamSemiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process Development Department Semiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea

As semiconductor devices shrink and their manufacturing processes advance,accurately measuring in-cell critical dimensions(CD)becomes increasingly *** test element group(TEG)measurements are becoming inadequate for representing the fine,repetitive patterns in cell *** non-destructive metrology technologies like optical critical dimension(OCD)are limited due to their large spot diameter of approximately 25μm,which impedes their efficacy for detailed in-cell structural ***,there is a pressing need for small-spot and non-destructive metrology *** address this limitation,we demonstrate a microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging(MAHSI)system,specifically designed for small spot optical metrology with *** microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging,this system achieves an optical resolution of 66 nm within a field of view of 5.6μm×5.6μ*** approach effectively breaks the diffraction limit,significantly enhancing the magnification of the *** MAHSI system incorporating hyperspectral imaging with a wavelength range of 400–790 nm,enables the capture of the reflection spectrum at each camera *** achieved pixel resolution,which is equivalent to the measuring spot size,is 14.4 nm/pixel and the magnification is *** MAHSI system enables measurement of local uniformity in critical areas like corners and edges of DRAM cell blocks,areas previously challenging to inspect with conventional OCD *** our knowledge,this approach represents the first global implementation of microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging to address the metrology challenges in complex 3D structures of semiconductor devices.

关键词： metrology resolution enable

Guided-ynet: Saliency Feature-Guided Interactive Feature Enhancement Lung Tumor Segmentation network

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 4813-4832页

作者： Zhou T. Pan y. Lu H. Dang P. Guo y. Wang y. School of Computer Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 China Key Laboratory of Image and Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 China School of Medical Information & Engineering Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004 China

Multimodal lung tumor medical images can provide anatomical and functional information for the same lesion. Such as Positron Emission Computed Tomography (PET), Computed Tomography (CT), and PET-CT. How to utilize the lesion anatomical and functional information effectively and improve the network segmentation performance are key questions. To solve the problem, the Saliency Feature-Guided Interactive Feature Enhancement Lung Tumor Segmentation network (Guide-ynet) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a double-encoder single-decoder U-net is used as the backbone in this model, a single-coder single-decoder U-net is used to generate the saliency guided feature using PET image and transmit it into the skip connection of the backbone, and the high sensitivity of PET images to tumors is used to guide the network to accurately locate lesions. Secondly, a Cross Scale Feature Enhancement Module (CSFEM) is designed to extract multi-scale fusion features after downsampling. Thirdly, a Cross-Layer Interactive Feature Enhancement Module (CIFEM) is designed in the encoder to enhance the spatial position information and semantic information. Finally, a Cross-Dimension Cross-Layer Feature Enhancement Module (CCFEM) is proposed in the decoder, which effectively extracts multimodal image features through global attention and multi-dimension local attention. The proposed method is verified on the lung multimodal medical image datasets, and the results show that the Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU), Accuracy (Acc), Dice Similarity Coefficient (Dice), Volumetric overlap error (Voe), Relative volume difference (Rvd) of the proposed method on lung lesion segmentation are 87.27%, 93.08%, 97.77%, 95.92%, 89.28%, and 88.68%, respectively. It is of great significance for computer-aided diagnosis. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tech Science Press.

关键词： cross-dimension feature enhancement cross-modal feature enhancement Medical image segmentation saliency feature guidance U-net

Weather influenced nestling growth of an insectivorous but not a granivorous grassland passerine in Argentina

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 156-162页

作者： Martín Alejandro Colombo Adrian Jauregui Luciano n.Segura Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves.Institute“Dr.Raúl A.Ringuelet”(ILPLA)-UnLP/COnICET Boulevard 1201437La PlataB1900Buenos AiresArgentina

nestling growth of birds can be affected by weather *** general,it is expected that higher temper-atures favor growth by improving food availability and nestling metabolism,while rain hinders it by reducing foraging ***,most of these patterns have been described in insectivorous cavity-nesting birds in temperate *** tested these predictions in two neotropical grassland ground-nesting birds with contrasting nestling diets and therefore potentially different responses to *** measured nestlings of the Hellmayr’s Pipit(Anthus hellmayri,an insectivorous passerine)and the Grassland yellow-Finch(Sicalis luteola,which feeds its nestlings exclusively with seeds)during three breeding seasons(2017-2020)in central-eastern *** took measurements of tarsus and body mass,modeled growth curves using nonlinear mixed-effects models,and evaluated the effects of minimum daily temperature and precipitation during the growth period and the 30 days prior to *** pipits(60 nestlings from 21 nests),minimum temperatures during the growth period were positively associated with tarsus and body mass ***,there was a positive association between precipitation during the pre-hatching period and tarsus ***,none of the weather variables analyzed had significant effects on nestling growth of finches(131 nestlings from 35 nests).Dietary contrast between species may explain the different *** activity and abundance can be affected by weather variations within the span of a breeding season,whereas seeds may depend on conditions from previous years,making the effects harder to *** with reduced asymptotic size can have reduced chances of ***,pipit populations could be impacted if they experience cold and dry conditions during their breeding season,which is of major relevance in the current context of climate change.

关键词： Finches Grassland birds neotropical birds Pipits Precipitation Temperature

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