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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

TCP-friendly source adaptation for multimedia applications over the Internet

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第Z1期7卷 1-6页

作者： soh yeng-chai Centre for Modeling and Control of Complex System Nanyang Technological University Singapore

In this paper, we propose a simply TCP-friendly source adaptation framework to provide a proportional bandwidth sharing service. Our scheme is based on the framework of Monotonic Response Function (MRF), can be used to bound the sending rate of a source within a predefined interval and provide very smooth traffic, and is suitable for multimedia applications over the Internet. As our scheme is also very simple and TCP-friendly, it is easy to be deployed over the current Internet. We verify our scheme with experimental studies.

关键词： Source adaptation, TCP-friendly, TCP-compatible, Multimedia-friendly

Jamming Avoidance Response Inspired by Wave-type WeaMy Electric Fish

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第6期15卷 982-991页

作者： Jaehyun soh DaeEun Kim Biological Cybernetics Lab School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seodaemun-gu Seou103722 Korea

Weakly electric fish use the electric field to detect objects in the neighborhood or communicate with conspecifics. They generate electric field with their electric organ and the electroreceptors sense the distortion of electric field caused by nearby objects. They use a modulated frequency signal of the Electric Organ Discharge （EOD）, and it can be disturbed by similar frequency signals that neighboring weakly electric fish emit. They have a particular behavior response to change their EOD frequencies to avoid signal jamming. It is called jamming avoidance response. Inspired by the behavior of wave-type weakly electric fish, we propose an engineering perspective of jamming avoidance response model with the amplitude-phase modulation graph. The time course of the amplitude-phase graph of the EOD signal provides a cue to detect the jamming signal. We argue that the temporal integration can determine the shift direction of the EOD as well as the amount of the frequency shift to be moved frequency for the jamming avoidance response. Alternatively, as a fast adapting measure, the cross product of point vectors in the amplitude-phase graph allows early decision for jamming avoidance. We demonstrate the methods with simulations and the real experiments in the underwater environment.

关键词： weakly electric fish electric organ discharge jamming avoidance response electrosensory system bioinspiration

On complete and micropolar-based incomplete strain gradient theories for periodic lattice structures

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第10期44卷 1651-1674页

作者： Zeyang CHI Jinxing LIU A.K.soh Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013Jiangsu ProvinceChina School of Engineering Monash University MalaysiaJalan Lagoon SelatanBandar SunwaySelangor Darul Ehsan 47500Malaysia

The micropolar(MP) and strain gradient(SG) continua have been generally adopted to investigate the relations between the macroscopic elastic constants and the microstructural geometric parameters. Owing to the fact that the microrotation in the MP theory can be expressed in terms of the displacement gradient components, we may regard the MP theory as a particular incomplete SG theory called the MPSG theory,compared with the existing SG theories which are deemed complete since all the SGs are included. Taking the triangular lattice comprising zigzag beams as an example, it is found that as the angle of the zigzag beams increases, the bending of the beams plays a more important role in the total strain energy, and the difference between the results by the two theories gradually decreases. Finally, the models are verified with the pure bending and simple shear of lattices by comparing with the results obtained by the finite element method(FEM)-based structure analyses.

关键词： periodic lattice metamaterial energy principle homogenization micropolar(MP) strain gradient(SG)theory

On band gaps of nonlocal acoustic lattice metamaterials:a robust strain gradient model

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2022年第1期43卷 1-20页

作者： Binying WANG Jinxing LIU A.K.soh Naigang LIANG Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu Province212203China School of Engineering Monash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan47500Malaysia Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

We have proposed an"exact"strain gradient(SG)continuum model to properly predict the dispersive characteristics of diatomic lattice metamaterials with local and nonlocal *** key enhancement is proposing a wavelength-dependent Taylor expansion to obtain a satisfactory accuracy when the wavelength gets close to the lattice *** a wavelength-dependent Taylor expansion is applied to the displacement field of the diatomic lattice,resulting in a novel SG *** various kinds of diatomic lattices,the dispersion diagrams given by the proposed SG model always agree well with those given by the discrete model throughout the first Brillouin zone,manifesting the robustness of the present *** on this SG model,we have conducted the following discussions.(Ⅰ)Both mass and stiffness ratios affect the band gap structures of diatomic lattice metamaterials,which is very helpful for the design of metamaterials.(Ⅱ)The increase in the SG order can enhance the model performance if the modified Taylor expansion is *** doing so,the higher-order continuum model can suffer from a stronger instability issue and does not necessarily have a better *** proposed SG continuum model with the eighth-order truncation is found to be enough to capture the dispersion behaviors all over the first Brillouin zone.(Ⅲ)The effects of the nonlocal interactions are *** nonlocal interactions reduce the workable range of the well-known long-wave approximation,causing more local extrema in the dispersive *** present model can serve as a satisfactory continuum theory when the wavelength gets close to the lattice spacing,i.e.,when the long-wave approximation is no longer *** the convenience of band gap designs,we have also provided the design space from which one can easily obtain the proper mass and stiffness ratios corresponding to a requested band gap width.

关键词： band gap diatomic lattice strain gradient(SG)continuum dispersion Taylor expansion Brillouin zone nonlocal interaction

A Game Theoretic Link Scheduler for Wireless Networks with Heterogeneous Energy Sources

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China Communications 2024年第12期21卷 108-125页

作者： He Tengjiao Kwanwu Chin Wang yishun Sieteng soh College of Information Science and Technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina School of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications EngineeringUniversity of WollongongNSWAustralia School of Electrical Engineering Computing and Mathematical SciencesCurtin UniversityWAAustralia

This paper considers link scheduling in a wireless network comprising of two types of nodes:(i)hybrid access points(HAPs)that harvest solar en-ergy,and(ii)devices that harvest radio frequency(RF)energy whenever HAPs *** aim is to de-rive the shortest possible link schedule that determines the transmission time of inter-HAPs links,and uplinks from devices to *** first outline a mixed in-teger linear program(MILP),which can be run by a central node to determine the optimal schedule and transmit power of HAPs and *** then out-line a game theory based protocol called Distributed Schedule Minimization Protocol(DSMP)that is run by HAPs and ***,it does not require causal energy arrivals and channel gains *** results show that DSMP produces schedule lengths that are at most 1.99x longer than the schedule computed by MILP.

关键词： channel access finite battery mathemati-cal program renewable energy wireless power trans-fer

A molecular mechanics approach for analyzing tensile nonlinear deformation behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2007年第6期23卷 663-671页

作者： yu Wang Daining Fang Ai Kah soh Bin Liu Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

In this paper, by capturing the atomic information and reflecting the behaviour governed by the nonlinear potential function, an analytical molecular mechanics approach is proposed. A constitutive relation for single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNT＇s） is established to describe the nonlinear stress-strain curve of SWCNT＇s and to predict both the elastic properties and breaking strain of SWCNT＇s during tensile deformation. An analysis based on the virtual internal bond （VIB） model proposed by P. Zhang et al. is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the proposed molecular mechanics approach is indeed an acceptable analytical method for analyzing the mechanical behavior of SWCNT＇s.

关键词： Molecular mechanics approach Carbon nanotube Constitutive relation young's modulus