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Structural and Chemical Characterization of the Ediacaran Embryo-Like Fossils via the Combination of 3d-XRM and FIB-SEM Approaches

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1204-1214页

作者： Qian Chen Weichen Sun Suping Wu Zongjun yin State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing211135China

The three-dimensional(3d)morphology,anatomy,and in-situ chemical composition analysis of fossils are crucial for systematic paleontology and determining their phylogenetic *** electron microscopy(SEM)coupled with energy.d.spersive X-ray spectroscopy(EdS),offers valuable structural and chemical information for the analysis of ***,its primary limitation is the restriction to two-dimensional surface data,which limits the exploration of fossils’3d ***,3d X-ray microscopy(3d-XRM),also known as a novel form of micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)facilitates the non-destructive 3d reconstruction of fossil ***,it lacks the capability to provide in-situ compositional *** the constraints inherent in these individual techniques,and in response to the evolving requirements of paleontological research,this study introduces an integrated approach that combines 3d-XRM with EdS-coupled focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM).This innovative strategy is designed to synergize the advantages of both techniques,thereby addressing challenges that conventional methods *** enables the rapid identification of regions of interest(ROI)within fossil specimens at micrometer ***,this method collects detailed data on both 3d structures and chemical compositions at the nanometer scale for the identified *** integrated approach represents a significant advancement in paleontological and geological research methodologies,promising to meet the increasing demands of these fields.

关键词： Embryo-like microfossils structural and chemical characterization 3d-XRM FIB-SEM 3d reconstruction

deep understanding of typical CNT morphology on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2d carbon/carbon composites

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第2期10卷 396-407页

作者： Jiajia Sun Qiang Song Liyuan Han Xuemin yin Hejun Li State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China

For the inadequate interlaminar strength of 2d carbon/carbon(C/C)composite,in-situ grown carbon nanotubes(CNTs)reinforcing strategy was put forward to strengthen the interlaminar matrix at the nanoscale and inhibit the interlaminar *** morphology is an essential factor in influencing the enhancement ***,the influence of in-situ grown CNT morphology on the microstructure and mechanical properties of C/C composite was deeply *** radially-aligned straight CNTs could induce the formation of highly-ordered pyrolytic carbon(PyC),while PyC in randomly.d.stributed curved CNTs concentrated area exhibits an isotropic ***,radially-aligned straight CNTs show better improvement on the flexural and shear strength of C/C *** to the fine structural characterization and finite element simulation,the influence mechanism of CNT morphology was *** morphology can influence the stress distribution in the PyC protective layer,and compared with radially-aligned straight CNTs,randomly.d.stributed curved CNTs induce higher tensile stress in the PyC protective layer,which has a detrimental impact on the flexural and shear properties of C/C *** work provides novel insights into the effect of CNT morphology on the microstructure and mechanical properties of C/C composites,which gives a basis for the structural design and preparation of CNTs reinforced C/C composites.

关键词： CNT morphology C/C composite Microstructure Mechanical properties

Rational surface charge engineering of haloalkane dehalogenase for boosting the enzymatic performance in organic solvent solutions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 276-285页

作者： yin Wu yan Sun department of Biochemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology(Ministry of Education)Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

Biocatalysis in organic solvents(OSs)has numerous important applications,but native enzymes in OSs often exhibit limited catalytic ***,we proposed a computation-aided surface charge engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of haloalkane dehalogenase dhaA in OSs based on the energetic analysis of substrate binding to the dhaA *** variants with enhanced OS resistance were obtained by replacing negative charged residues on the surface with positive charged residue(Arg).Particularly,a four-substitution variant E16R/E93R/E121R/E257R exhibited the best catalytic performance(five-fold improvement in OS resistance and seven-fold half-life increase in 40%(vol)dimethylsulfoxide).As a result,the overall catalytic performance of the variant could be at least 26 times higher than the wild-type *** spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the residue substitution mainly enhanced OS resistance from four aspects:(a)improved the overall structural stability,(b)increased the hydrophobicity of the local microenvironment around the catalytic triad,(c)enriched the hydrophobic substrate around the enzyme molecule,and(d)lowered the contact frequency between OS molecules and the catalytic *** findings validate that computationaided surface charge engineering is an effective and ingenious rational strategy for tailoring enzyme performance in OSs.

关键词： Surface charge engineering Organic solvent resistance Molecular dynamics simulation Haloalkane dehalogenase

Hybrid 3d printed three-axis force sensor aided by machine learning decoupling

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2024年第2期15卷 261-278页

作者： Guotao Liu Peishi yu yin Tao Tao Liu Hezun Liu Junhua Zhao Jiangnan Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiPR China Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Institute of Advanced TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiPR China

Identification of magnitude and orientation for spatially applied loading is highly.d.sired in the fields of not only the machinery components but also human-machine *** the fact that the 3-axis force sensor with different structures has been proposed to measure the spatial force,there are still some common limitations including the multi-step manufacturing-assembly processes and complicated testing of decoupling ***,we propose a rapid fabrication strategy with low-cost to achieve high-precision 3-axis force *** sensor is designed to compose of structural Maltese cross base and sensing *** is directly fabricated within one step by a hybrid 3d printing technology combining deposition modeling(FdM)with direct-ink-writing(dIW).In particular,a machine learning(ML)model is used to convert the strain signal to the force *** of a mount of calibration tests,this ML model is trained by sufficient simulation data based on programmed batch finite element *** sensor is capable of continuously identifying a spatial force with varying magnitude and orientation,which successfully quantify the applied force of traditional Chinese medicine physiotherapy including Gua Sha and *** work provides insight for design and rapid fabrication of multi-axis force sensors,as well as potential applications.

关键词： Hybrid 3d printing 3-axis force sensor machine learning nonlinear decoupling

Interface engineering of 2d NiFe LdH/NiFeS heterostructure for highly efficient 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第9期35卷 514-520页

作者： Lili Wang ya yan Rulin Li Xujie Han Jiahui Li Ting Ran Jialu Li Baichuan Xiong Xiaorong Song Zhaohui yin Hong Wang Qingjun Zhu Bowen Cheng Zhen yin State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of ChemistryTiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron dESy Platanenallee 6Zeuthen 15738Germany department of Chemistry and The Center for the Science of Materials Berlin Humboldt-Universitäzu BerlinBerlin 12489Germany

The electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)to valuable chemicals is an efficient way to upgrade biomass molecules and replace traditional catalytic *** is crucial to develop efficient and low-cost earth-abundant electrocatalysts to enhance catalytic performance of HMF ***,a new type of two-dimensional(2d)hybrid arrays consisting of Ni Fe layered double hydroxides(LdH)nanosheets and bimetallic sulfide(Ni Fe S)is constructed via interface engineering for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of HMF to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FdCA).The preparation process of 2d Ni Fe LdH/NiFeS with ultrathin heterostructure involves in anchoring a Co-based metal-organic framework(Co MOF)as template onto the carbon cloth(CC)via in-situ growth,formation of NiFe LdH on the surface of Co MOF and subsequent partial *** electrocatalyst of Ni Fe LdH/Ni Fe S exhibits outstanding performance towards HMF oxidation,about 98.5%yield for FdCA and 97.2%Faraday efficiency(FE)in the alkaline electrolyte with 10 mmol/L HMF,as well as excellent stability retaining 90.1%FE for FdCA after six cycles ***,even at an HMF concentration of 100 mmol/L,the yield and FE for FdCA remain high at 83.6%and 93.6%,*** findings highlight that 2d heterostructure containing abundant interfaces between Ni Fe LdH nanosheets and Ni Fe S can enhance the intrinsic activity of LdH and thus promote the oxidation reaction ***,the synergistic effect of the bimetallic Ni Fe compounds also improved the selectivity of HMF conversion to *** present work demonstrates that constructing 2d ultrathin heterostructure of Ni Fe LdH/Ni Fe S is a facile strategy via interface engineering to enhance the intrinsic activity of LdH electrocatalysts,which would open new avenues toward low-cost and advanced 2d nanocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion and electrochemical valorization of biomass derivatives.

关键词： Electrocatalytic oxidation Interface engineering 2d ultrathin heterostructure Layered double hydroxides 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Physics-informed deep learning for fringe pattern analysis

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第1期7卷 4-15页

作者： Wei yin yuxuan Che Xinsheng Li Mingyu Li yan Hu Shijie Feng Edmund y.Lam Qian Chen Chao Zuo Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory(SCILab) School of Electronic and Optical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute(SCIRI)of Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210019China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense Nanjing 210094China department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR 999077China

Recently.d.ep learning has yielded transformative success across optics and photonics,especially in optical *** neural networks (dNNs) with a fully convolutional architecture (e.g.,U-Net and its derivatives) have been widely implemented in an end-to-end manner to accomplish various optical metrology tasks,such as fringe denoising,phase unwrapping,and fringe ***,the task of training a dNN to accurately identify an image-to-image transform from massive input and output data pairs seems at best naive,as the physical laws governing the image formation or other domain expertise pertaining to the measurement have not yet been fully exploited in current deep learning *** this end,we introduce a physics-informed deep learning method for fringe pattern analysis (PI-FPA) to overcome this limit by integrating a lightweight dNN with a learning-enhanced Fourier transform profilometry (Le FTP) *** parameterizing conventional phase retrieval methods,the Le FTP module embeds the prior knowledge in the network structure and the loss function to directly provide reliable phase results for new types of samples,while circumventing the requirement of collecting a large amount of high-quality.d.ta in supervised learning *** by the initial phase from Le FTP,the phase recovery ability of the lightweight dNN is enhanced to further improve the phase accuracy at a low computational cost compared with existing end-to-end *** results demonstrate that PI-FPA enables more accurate and computationally efficient single-shot phase retrieval,exhibiting its excellent generalization to various unseen objects during *** proposed PI-FPA presents that challenging issues in optical metrology can be potentially overcome through the synergy of physics-priors-based traditional tools and data-driven learning approaches,opening new avenues to achieve fast and accurate single-shot 3d imaging.

关键词： optical metrology deep learning physics-informed neural networks fringe analysis phase retrieval

Numerical analysis of high‑speed railway slab tracks using calibrated and validated 3d time‑domain modelling

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 36-58页

作者： A.F.Esen O.Laghrouche P.K.Woodward d.Medina‑Pineda Q.Corbisez J.y.Shih d.P.Connolly Institute for High‑Speed Rail and System Integration University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Institute for Infrastructure and Environment Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUK Alstom Transport Saint‑OuenFrance Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

Concrete slabs are widely used in modern railways to increase the inherent resilient quality of the tracks,provide safe and smooth rides,and reduce the maintenance *** this paper,the elastic performance of a novel slab trackform for high-speed railways is investigated using three-dimensional finite element modelling in *** is then compared to the performance of a ballasted ***,slab and ballasted track models are developed to replicate the full-scale testing of track *** the models are calibrated with the experimental results,the novel slab model is developed and compared against the calibrated slab track *** slab and ballasted track models are then extended to create linear dynamic models,considering the track geodynamics,and simulating train passages at various speeds,for which the Ledsgard documented case was used to validate the *** travelling at low and high speeds are analysed to investigate the track deflections and the wave propagation in the soil,considering the issues associated with critical *** train loading methods are discussed,and the most practical approach is retained and ***,correlations are made between the geotechnical parameters of modern high-speed rail and conventional *** is found that considering the same ground condition,the slab track deflections are considerably smaller than those of the ballasted track at high speeds,while they show similar behaviour at low speeds.

关键词： High-speed railways Slab track New ballastless track Ballasted track Critical speeds Finite element modelling Calibration of numerical models

3d near-surface P-wave velocity structure imaging with distributed Acoustic Sensing and electric hammer source

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Earthquake Research Advances 2024年第3期4卷 27-33页

作者： Heting Hong Fu yin yuhang Lei yulan Li Baoshan Wang deep Space Exploration Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

distributed Acoustic Sensing(dAS) is an emerging technique for ultra-dense seismic observation, which provides a new method for high-resolution sub-surface seismic imaging. Recently a large number of linear dAS arrays have been used for two-dimensional S-wave near-surface imaging in urban areas. In order to explore the feasibility of three-dimensional(3d) structure imaging using a dAS array, we carried out an active source experiment at the Beijing National Earth Observatory. We deploy.d.a 1 km optical cable in a rectangular shape, and the optical cable was recast into 250 sensors with a channel spacing of 4 m. The dAS array clearly recorded the P, S and surface waves generated by a hammer source. The first-arrival P wave travel times were first picked with a ShortTerm Average/Long-Term Average(STA/LTA) method and further manually checked. The P-wave signals recorded by the dAS are consistent with those recorded by the horizontal components of short-period seismometers. At shorter source-receiver distances, the picked P-wave arrivals from the dAS recording are consistent with vertical component recordings of seismometers, but they clearly lag behind the latter at greater *** is likely.d.e to a combination of the signal-to-noise ratio and the polarization of the incoming wave. Then,we used the Tomo dd software to invert the 3d P-wave velocity structure for the uppermost 50 m with a resolution of 10 m. The inverted P-wave velocity structures agree well with the S-wave velocity structure previously obtained through ambient noise tomography. Our study indicates the feasibility of 3d near-surface imaging with the active source and dAS array. However, the inverted absolute velocity values at large depths may be biased due to potential time shifts between the dAS recording and seismometer at large source-receiver distances.

关键词： distributed Acoustic Sensing(dAS) Near-surface structure First-arrival travel time tomography Body wave Active source

Regulation of the quantum barrier and carrier transport toward high-efficiency quasi-2d dion-Jacobson tin perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 200-207,I0005页

作者： Huanhuan yao Chang Shi Tai Wu Shurong Wang Mingyu yin Liming ding yong Hua Feng Hao School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials&Technology School of Materials and EnergyYunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Center for Excellence in Nanoscience(CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China

Quasi-2d dion-Jacobson(dJ)tin halide perovskite has attracted much attention due to its elimination of Van der Waals gap and enhanced environmental ***,the bulky organic spacers usually form a natural quantum well structure,which brings a large quantum barrier and poor film quality,further limiting the carrier transport and device ***,we designed three organic spacers with different chain lengths(ethylenediamine(EdA),1,3-propanediamine(PdA),and 1,4-butanediamine(BdA))to investigate the quantum barrier *** and experimental characterizations indicate that EdA with short chain can reduce the lattice distortion and dielectric confinement effect,which is beneficial to the effective dissociation of excitons and the inhibition of trap-free non-radiative *** addition,EdA cation shows strong interaction with the inorganic octahedron,realizing large aggregates in precursor solution and high-quality films with improved structural ***,femtosecond transient absorption proves that EdA cations can also weaken the formation of small n-phases with large quantum barrier to achieve effective carrier transport between different ***,the quasi-2d dJ(EdA)FA_(9)Sn_(10)I_(31)solar cells achieves a 7.07%power conversion efficiency with good environment ***,this work sheds light on the regulation of the quantum barrier and carrier transport through the chain length of organic spacer for qua si-2d dJ lead-free perovskites.

关键词： Chain lengths Organic spacers Quantum well Carrier transport Lattice distortion