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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 114-126页

作者： Dereje Abebe Regassa Rahel Shumi Nagaash Bisirat Fikadu Habtu Woyesa beyene Haile Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Wolkite UniversityWolkite 11330Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Dire Dawa UniversityDire Dawa 3000Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis is defined as an infection-related condition characterized by signs and symptoms of bacteremia within the first month of life.It is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among newborns.While several studies have been conducted in other parts of world to assess the usefulness of complete blood count parameters and hemogram-derived markers as early screening tools for neonatal sepsis,the associations between sepsis and its complications with these blood parameters are still being investigated in our setting and are not yet part of routine practice.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic significance of complete blood cell count hemogramderived novel markers for neonatal sepsis among neonates attending public hospitals in the southwest region of Oromia,Ethiopia,through a case control study.METHODS A case control study was conducted from October 2021 to October 2023 Sociodemographic,clinical history,and laboratory test results data were collected using structured questionnaires.The collected data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 version and exported to SPSS-25 for analysis.Chi-square,independent sample ttest,and receiver operator characteristics curve of curve were used for analysis.A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS In this study,significant increases were observed in the following values in the case group compared to the control group:In white blood cell(WBC)count,neutrophils,monocyte,mean platelet volume(MPV),neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio,monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(MLR),red blood cell width to platelet count ratio(RPR),red blood width coefficient variation,MPV to RPR,and platelet to lymphocyte ratio.Regarding MLR,a cut-off value of≥0.26 was found,with a sensitivity of 68%,a specificity of 95%,a positive predictive value(PPV)of 93.2%,and a negative predictive value(NPV)of 74.8%.The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.828(Py of 55%,a specificity of 89%,a PPV of 83.3%,and a NPV of 66

关键词： Complete blood count Hemogram-derived marker Neonate Sepsis Ethiopia

Modeling urban land use dynamics using Markov-chain and cellular automata in Gondar City,Northwest Ethiopia

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2023年第2期21卷 109-118页

作者： Ergo beyene Amare Sewnet Minale Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Tabor UniversityP.O.Box 272Debre TaborEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia

Modeling urban land-use dynamics is critical for urban experts’and infrastructure managers’planning.This study attempts to explore the land-use/land-cover(LULC)dynamics of Gondar using satellite images from 1984 to 2020.Markov-Chain and Cellular Automata(MC-CA)models have been recognized as performing well in predicting urban land-use change.However,only a few models work in Ethiopia in general,and no study in Gondar has applied this approach to study urban land-use patterns.Therefore,Gondar land-use/land cover changes of Gondar were predicted using the MC-CA model in IDRISI.The built-up area in Gondar city covered 1413 ha(3%of the total area)in 1984 and increased to 2380 ha(5%)in 1994;21153 ha(45.5%)in 2004;22622 ha(48.7%)in 2014;and 23427 ha(50.5%)in 2020.The area has been predicted to reach 57.5%in the 2050s,showing a faster increase that will cause a very vast loss of farmland.This will increase urban sprawl challenges as well as overall environmental disequilibrium in the preceding decade.Thus,innovative and careful structures and systems in urban planning are required to secure a sustainable urban future and to make our cities livable and competitive in the paradigm of sustainable cities.

关键词： Modeling urban growth Markov chain Cellular automata Remote sensing IDRISI

Impacts of fire suppression on above‐ground carbon stock and soil properties in Borana rangelands,southern Ethiopia

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Grassland Research 2023年第1期2卷 1-14页

作者： Kenea Feyisa Sheleme beyene Ayana Angassa School of Plant and Horticultural Sciences College of AgricultureHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia Department of Range and Forest Resources Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesGaboroneBotswana

Background:Fire is a natural disturbance that releases carbon back into the atmosphere.Pastoralists have used fire for many thousands of years for rangeland management.The use of fire in the Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia was a common practice to improve the productivity of the rangelands.However,the use of fire as a tool to manage rangeland was prohibited by government policy in the early 1970s.Methods:In this study,we assessed the long‐term impacts of fire suppression on aboveground carbon stocks of woody and herbaceous biomass,soil organic carbon stocks,and total nitrogen stocks at burned versus adjacent unburned areas in the Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia.The investigation was conducted in two locations:Dikale and Sanke.The upland location was represented by Dikale,while the bottomland location was represented by Sanke.Each study site was replicated three times,with burned versus adjacent unburned areas representing each replicate.Soil samples were collected in three soil depths(0–5,5–15,and 15–30 cm),while vegetation attributes were collected from 60 plots within three burned and three adjacent unburned sites in each landscape.Results:The soil organic carbon stock and pooled carbon stock between burned and unburned sites across the two landscapes showed minimal variation.The above‐ground carbon biomass accumulation for woody and herbaceous plants did not show any significant difference between burned and unburned sites both at the bottomland and upland areas.The total nitrogen contents recorded at uplands in burned sites were significantly(py more carbon stocks in terms of herbaceous biomass(3.27±0.43 Mg ha^(−1))than the adjacent unburned areas(0.98±0.43 Mg ha^(−1)).The results of the current study suggest that burning improved the carbon sequestration potential of herbaceous plants in arid savanna ecosystems.

关键词： aboveground biomass carbon carbon sequestration fire soil nitrogen

Coupling remote sensing and crop growth model to estimate national wheat yield in Ethiopia

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Big Earth Data 2022年第1期6卷 18-35页

作者： Awetahegn Niguse beyene Hongwei Zeng Bingfang Wu Liang Zhu Tesfay Gebretsadkan Gebremicael Miao Zhang Temesgen Bezabh State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Tigray Agricultural Research Institute MekelleEthiopia Climate Change and Rural Development Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia

Estimation of crop yield at a regional level is essential for making agricultural planning and addressing food security issues in Ethiopia.Remote sensing observations,particularly the leaf area index(LAI),have a strong relationship with crop yield.This study has proposed an approach to estimate wheat yield at field level and regional scale in Ethiopia by assimilating the retrieved MODIS time-series LAI data into the WOrld FOod STudies(WOFOST)model.To improve the estimation of crop yield in the region,the Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF)was used to incorporate the LAI into the WOFOST model.The estimation accuracy of wheat crop yield was validated using field-measured yields collected during the 2018 growing season.Our findings indicated that wheat yield was more precisely estimated by WOFOST(at water-limited mode)with EnKF algorithm(R^(2)=0.80 and RMSE=413 kg ha^(−1))compared to that of without assimilating remotely sensed LAI(R^(2)=0.58,RMSE=592 kg ha^(−1)).These results demonstrated that assimilating MODIS-LAI into WOFOST has high potential and practicality to give a reference for wheat yield estimation.The findings from this study can provide information to policy,decision-makers,and other similar sectors to implement an appropriate and timely yield estimation measure.

关键词： Wheat yield WOFOST model Ensemble Kalman Filter remote sensing

Intestinal parasitic infections among children under five years of age presenting with diarrhoeal diseases to two public health facilities in Hawassa, South Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 105-112页

作者： Getamesay Mulatu Ahmed Zeynudin Endalew Zemene Serkadis Debalke Getenet beyene Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Hawassa College of Health SciencesHawassaEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Patholog

Background:Diarrhoea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age in developing countries,including Ethiopia.It is caused by a wide range of pathogens,including parasites,bacteria and viruses.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection with intestinal parasites(IPs)(and types)among children under 5 years of age with diarrhoeal diseases.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Adare Hospital and Millennium Health Centre,both located in Hawassa,South Ethiopia,from June 6 to October 28,2011.Children under 5 years of age with diarrhoea who visited these health facilities during the study period were included in the study.Data relating to demography and risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections(IPIs)were gathered using a structured questionnaire.Single,fresh stool specimens were examined for IPs using the direct wet mount examination,followed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining of formol-ether concentrated samples,as per standard procedures.Data were analysed using SPSS Statistics 20 software.Results:A total of 158 children(51.3%male and 48.7%female)participated in the study.Overall,the prevalence of IPs was 26.6%(42/158).Two species of IPs were detected in six children(3.8%).Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii was the predominant parasite identified(11.4%),followed by Giardia duodenalis(7.0%).The multivariable analysis revealed that the age group≥24 months was significantly associated(AOR=0.221,95%CI:0.085–0.576)with prevalence of IPIs.Conclusion:This study found that intestinal parasites are common among children with diarrheal diseases.The most frequently detected species was E.histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii.Health information about how to prevent diarrheal diseases in general and IPIs in particular should be provided to parents of young children.

关键词： Diarrhoea Intestinal parasites Children under 5 years Hawassa Ethiopia

Urinary schistosomiasis and malaria associated anemia in Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第4期3卷 307-310页

作者： Ketema Deribew Zinaye Tekeste beyene Petros Department of Biology Bonga Teacher Education CollegeP.O.Box 91Bonga.Ethiopia School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health SciencesGondar UniversityP.O.Box 196GondarEthiopia Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular BiologyCollege of Natural SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia

Objective:To assess the prevalence of anemia in children with urinary schistosomiasis,malaria and concurrent infections by the two diseases.Methods:Urine and blood samples were collected from 387 children(216 males and 171 females)to examine urinary schistosomiasis and malaria and to determine hemoglobin concentration at Hassoba and Hassoba Buri village in Amibara woreda,Afar region,Ethiopia.Results:The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and Plasmodium falciparum malaria was 24.54%and 6.20%respectively.Only 2.84%of children carried concurrent infections of both parasites.There was high percentage of anemic patients(81.81%)in the coinfected cases than in either malaria(33.3%)or schistosomiasis(38.94%)cases.There was significantly low mean hemoglobin concentration in concurrently infected children than non-infected and single infected(P0.05).The level of hemoglobin was negatively correlated with the number of S.haematobium eggs/10 mL urine(r=-0.6)and malaria parasitemia(r=-0.53).Conclusions:The study showed that anemia is higher in concurrently infected children than non-infected and single infected.Furthermore,level of hemoglobin was negatively correlated with the number of S.haematobium eggs and malaria parsitemia.Therefore,examination of hemoglobin status in patients co-infected with malaria and schistosomiasis is important to reduce the risk of anemia and to improve health of the community.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Plasmodium falciparum Anemia Malaria Ethiopia

Hydrothermally induced diagenesis: Evidence from shallow marinedeltaic sediments, WilhelmØya, Svalbard

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 629-649页

作者： beyene G.Haile Urszula Czarniecka Kelai Xi Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora Jens Jahren Alvar Braathen Helge Hellevang Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)

Sedimentary basins containing igneous intrusions within sedimentary reservoir units represent an important risk in petroleum exploration. The Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic sediments at Wilhelm?ya(Svalbard) contains reservoir heterogeneity as a result of sill emplacement and represent a unique case study to better understand the effect of magmatic intrusions on the general burial diagenesis of siliciclastic sediments. Sills develop contact metamorphic aureoles by conduction as presented in many earlier studies. However, there is significant impact of localized hydrothermal circulation systems affecting reservoir sediments at considerable distance from the sill intrusions. Dolerite sill intrusions in the studied area are of limited vertical extent(～12 m thick), but created localized hydrothermal convection cells affecting sediments at considerable distance(more than five times the thickness of the sill)from the intrusions. We present evidence that the sedimentary sequence can be divided into two units:(1) the bulk poorly lithified sediment with a maximum burial temperature much lower than 60-70 ℃,and(2) thinner intervals outside the contact zone that have experienced hydrothermal temperatures(around 140 ℃). The main diagenetic alteration associated with normal burial diagenesis is minor mechanical plastic deformation of ductile grains such as mica. Mineral grain contacts show no evidence of pressure dissolution and the vitrinite reflectance suggests a maximum temperature of ～40 ℃. Contrary to this, part of the sediment, preferentially along calcite cemented flow baffles, show evidence of hydrothermal alteration. These hydrothermally altered sediment sections are characterized by recrystallized carbonate cemented intervals. Further, the hydrothermal solutions have resulted in localized sericitization(illitization) of feldspars, albitization of both K-feldspar and plagioclase and the formation of fibrous illite nucleated on kaolinite. These observations suggest hydrothermal alteration at T> 120-140 ℃ at distances

关键词： Diagenesis Sill intrusions Hydrothermal convection cells Carbonate cement Sericitization of feldspars

The coupling of dynamics and permeability in the hydrocarbon accumulation period controls the oil-bearing potential of low permeability reservoirs:a case study of the low permeability turbidite reservoirs in the middle part of the third member of Shahejie

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Petroleum Science 2016年第2期13卷 204-224页

作者： Tian yang ying-Chang Cao yan-Zhong Wang Henrik Friis beyene Girma Haile Ke-Lai Xi Hui-Na Zhang School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580 Shandong China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071 China Department of Geoscience Aarhus University Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 2 8000 Aarhus C Denmark Department of Geosciences University of OsloP.O. Box 1047 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway

The relationships between permeability and dynamics in hydrocarbon accumulation determine oil- bearing potential （the potential oil charge） of low perme- ability reservoirs. The evolution of porosity and permeability of low permeability turbidite reservoirs of the middle part of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag has been investigated by detailed core descriptions, thin section analyses, fluid inclusion analyses, carbon and oxygen isotope analyses, mercury injection, porosity and permeability testing, and basin modeling. The cutoff values for the permeability of the reservoirs in the accumulation period were calculated after detailing the accumulation dynamics and reservoir pore structures, then the distribution pattern of the oil-bearing potential of reservoirs controlled by the matching relationship between dynamics and permeability during the accumulation period were summarized. On the basis of the observed diagenetic features and with regard to the paragenetic sequences, the reservoirs can be subdivided into four types of diagenetic facies. The reservoirs experienced two periods of hydro- carbon accumulation. In the early accumulation period, the reservoirs except for diagenetic facies A had middle to high permeability ranging from 10 × 10-3 gm2 to 4207 × 10-3 lain2. In the later accumulation period, the reservoirs except for diagenetic facies C had low permeability ranging from 0.015 × 10-3 gm2 to 62× 10-3 -3m2. In the early accumulation period, the fluid pressure increased by the hydrocarbon generation was 1.4-11.3 MPa with an average value of 5.1 MPa, and a surplus pressure of 1.8-12.6 MPa with an average value of 6.3 MPa. In the later accumulation period, the fluid pressure increased by the hydrocarbon generation process was 0.7-12.7 MPa with an average value of 5.36 MPa and a surplus pressure of 1.3-16.2 MPa with an average value of 6.5 MPa. Even though different types of reservoirs exist, all can form hydrocarbon accumulations in the early accumulation per- iod. Such types of

关键词： Reservoir porosity and permeabilityevolution Accumulation dynamics Cutoff-values ofpermeability in the accumulation period Oil-bearingpotential Low permeability reservoir The third memberof the Shahejie Formation Dongying Sag

Assessment of the Cause and Effect of Early Damage of Cobble Stone Road Construction and Its Remedial Measurements:A Case of Nekemte Town Cheleleki Sub City

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Journal of Building Material Science 2021年第1期3卷 26-36页

作者： Shiferaw Garoma Wayessa Ayana Abera beyene Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia Department of Surveying Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia

Road constructing in Ethiopia is increasingly in demand to meet its medium and long term development programs.Most internal roads of Oromia city/town are cobblestone and gravel.Some portions along the alignment proposed and existing roads traversed low resistance of the subgrade that affect the stability of the upper layers of cobblestones.Structural failure is observed on cobblestone roads,and it would be constructed with good quality or low quality of materials.Nekemte Cobblestones Projects have been started in 2014 widely which were filled in most areas today as we observed that needs to be addressed and a corresponding remedial measures must be drawn.A possible counteractive actions had been ordered for every observed destroyed to achieve the standard road situation of the study zone.An evaluation was made use observation,interviews,laboratory test and field test to govern an appropriateness of cobblestones.The lie beneath soil used for bottom layers of road structure based on standard of Ethiopian Road Authority(ERA)low volume road standards.Therefore,result from the field test and laboratory test shown,causes of cobblestone road failures of Nekemte street segment were mostly because of the construction steps/sequence,quality of materials,road construction time,absence of appropriate design,quality supervisor,absences of drainage structures,lack of highly compaction,lack of accurately fill fine aggregate and suddenly high loads vehicle applied on cobblestone road.

关键词： Cobblestone road Failures Remedial measures Laboratory test