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多相催化研究中化学动力学的作用(英文)

催化学报 2011年第7期32卷 1085-1112页

作者： L.A.PETROV y.alhamed A.AL-ZAHRANI M.DAOUS SABIC Chair in Catalysis King Abdulaziz University

The paper presents shortly some of the important elements of the theory and of the practical applications of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Discussed are some of the most important concepts of the kinetics of complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions,methodology of building kinetic models and mathematical treatment of experimental data,influence of heat and mass transfer,types of laboratory reactors,kinetics and nanosized catalysts and others. Examples for use of the kinetic studies for the development and application of industrial catalysts and modeling of industrial reactors are presented.

关键词： kinetics heterogeneous catalytic reaction mass action surface action reaction rate reaction mechanism

Multi-component decompositions, linear superpositions, and new nonlinear integrable coupled KdV-type systems

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 3-14页

作者： Xiazhi Hao S y Lou School of Mathematical Science Zhejiang University of Technology School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University

In the realm of nonlinear integrable systems, the presence of decompositions facilitates the establishment of linear superposition solutions and the derivation of novel coupled systems exhibiting nonlinear integrability. By focusing on single-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy, it has been observed that specific linear superpositions of decomposition solutions remain consistent with the underlying equations. Moreover, through the implementation of multi-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,successful endeavors have been undertaken to formulate linear superposition solutions and novel coupled Kd V-type systems that resist decoupling via alterations in dependent variables.

关键词： integrable system single-component decomposition multi-component decomposition linear superposition integrable coupled KdV-type system

Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Magnitude, spatial patterns and drivers of methane fluxes from coastal salt marshes and mangrove forests in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 850-866页

作者： yixuan yU Derrick y.F.LAI Minjie HU Chuan TONG Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education Fujian Normal University School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal University Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Methane（CH4） is a highly potent greenhouse gas due to its high radiative forcing and global warming *** the magnitude, spatial patterns, and drivers of CH4emission from wetlands at the regional scale is crucial for formulating suitable strategies to mitigate future climate change. In this study, we synthesized the CH4flux data reported for major plant communities in the coastal salt marshes and mangrove forests in China and produced a spatial map of CH4fluxes from the mangrove sediments and salt marshes in China based on the results of machine learning models. Moreover, we examined the main drivers of CH4flux from these coastal wetlands and estimated the annual CH4emissions from the salt marshes and mangrove forests in different coastal provinces of China using a bottom-up approach. Our results showed that the mean CH4fluxes from the salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems in China were 2.22±0.29 and 2.26±0.55 mg m-2h-1, respectively. Across China, the total annual CH4emission from salt marshes was 31,179.75 Mg CH4a-1, while that from mangroves was 5,533.97 Mg CH4a-1with the sediments contributing to 12.7%(701.64 Mg CH4a-1) of the total efflux. The salt marshes and mangroves in China accounted for 2.75% and 0.14%–0.15% of the global annual CH4emissions from these two ecosystems,respectively. Moreover, we found that CH4emissions from the salt marshes and mangroves could offset the cooling impact arising from net carbon dioxide uptake by 88% and 53%, respectively, over a 100-year time scale. Mean annual temperature, soil moisture, and soil organic carbon content were the main factors controlling CH4emissions from these coastal ***, we found that CH4fluxes from the salt marshes in China decreased with latitude, which implied a possible increase in marsh CH4emission in response to global warming that should be considered carefully when developing nature-based climate solutions to achieve national goals for carbon neutrality.

关键词： Salt marsh Mangrove Methane flux Spatial pattern Driving factors China

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Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

Next-Generation Desalination Membranes Empowered by Novel Materials:Where Are We Now?

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 308-331页

作者： Siqi Wu Lu Elfa Peng Zhe yang Pulak Sarkar Mihail Barboiu Chuyang y.Tang Anthony G.Fane Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of China Institut Européen des Membrane University of MontpellierENSCMCNRS UMR5635Place Eugène BataillonCC 04734095 MontpellierFrance UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South Wales(UNSW)SydneyNSW 2052Australia

Membrane desalination is an economical and energy-efficient method to meet the current worldwide water ***,state-of-the-art reverse osmosis membranes are gradually being replaced by novel membrane materials as a result of ongoing technological *** novel materials possess intrinsic pore structures or can be assembled to form lamellar membrane channels for selective transport of water or solutes(e.g.,NaCl).Still,in real applications,the results fall below the theoretical predictions,and a few properties,including large-scale fabrication,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,also have an impact on the overall effectiveness of those *** view of this,we develop a new evaluation framework in the form of radar charts with five dimensions(i.e.,water permeance,water/NaCl selectivity,membrane cost,scale of development,and stability)to assess the advantages,disadvantages,and potential of state-of-the-art and newly developed desalination *** this framework,the reported thin film nanocomposite membranes and membranes developed from novel materials were compared with the state-of-the-art thin film composite *** review will demonstrate the current advancements in novel membrane materials and bridge the gap between different desalination *** this review,we also point out the prospects and challenges of next-generation membranes for desalination *** believe that this comprehensive framework may be used as a future reference for designing next-generation desalination membranes and will encourage further research and development in the field of membrane technology,leading to new insights and advancements.

关键词： Novel materials Desalination membranes Reverse osmosis Evaluation framework Separation performance

Near Optimal Approximations and Finite Memory Policies for POMPDs with Continuous Spaces Dedicated to Professor Peter E. Caines, on the occasion of his 80th birthday

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2025年第01期 238-270页

作者： KARA Ali Devran BAyRAKTAR Erhan yüKSEL Serdar Department of Mathematics Florida State University Department of Mathematics University of Michigan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Queen's University

The authors study an approximation method for partially observed Markov decision processes(POMDPs) with continuous spaces. Belief MDP reduction, which has been the standard approach to study POMDPs requires rigorous approximation methods for practical applications, due to the state space being lifted to the space of probability measures. Generalizing recent work, in this paper the authors present rigorous approximation methods via discretizing the observation space and constructing a fully observed finite MDP model using a finite length history of the discrete observations and control actions. The authors show that the resulting policy is near-optimal under some regularity assumptions on the channel, and under certain controlled filter stability requirements for the hidden state process. The authors also provide a Q learning algorithm that uses a finite memory of discretized information variables, and prove its convergence to the optimality equation of the finite fully observed MDP constructed using the approximation method.

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Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Insight into physical properties of lutetium-based double half-Heusler alloys LuXCo_(2)Bi_(2)(X=V,Nb and Ta)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 199-208,I0008页

作者： Saber Saad Essaoud Said Al Azar Ahmad A.Mousa Anas y.Al-Reyahi Nabil Al Aqtash Mohammed Elamin Ketfi Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of M'sila28000M'silaAlgeria Laboratoire de Physique des Particules et Physique Statistique Ecole Normale Superieure-KoubaBP 92Vieux-Kouba16050AlgiersAlgeria Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceZarqa UniversityZarqa13132Jordan Department of Basic Sciences Middle East UniversityAmman183Jordan Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceThe Hashemite UniversityP.0.Box 330127Zarqa13133Jordan Department of Electronics Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of M'sila28000M'silaAlgeria

Based on the density functional theory,the double half-Heusler alloys LuXCo_(2)Bi_(2)(X=V,Nb,and Ta)were studied to predict their structural,thermodynamic,thermoelectric,and optical *** the considered alloys are thermodynamically stable and have semiconductor behavior with indirect band gaps of 0.62,0.75,and 0.8 eV for LuVCo_(2)Bi_(2),LuNbCo_(2)Bi_(2),and LuTaCu_(2)Bi_(2),*** investigated compounds exhibit semiconducting behavior with energy gaps below 0.8 *** impact of heat and pressure on thermodynamic coefficients was evaluated,and the influence of charge carriers on the temperature-dependent properties was studied using the semi-classical Boltzmann *** studied compounds were characterized by their low lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature and low thermal expansion *** alloys exhibit substantial absorption coefficients in the ultraviolet(UV)light region,high optical conductivity,and high reflectivity in the visible light region,making them highly appealing materials for applications in the energy and electronics sectors.

关键词： Double half-Heusler Abinitio calculation Optical coefficients Thermoelectricity Lattice thermal conductivity Rareearths