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Cell transplantation to replace retinal ganglion cells faces challenges-the Switchboard Dilemma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1138-1143页

作者： y.an Liu Richard k.lee Bascom Palmer Ey. Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

The mammalian retina display. incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities;therefore,retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic *** diseases lead to the loss of retinal cells and serious vision loss in the late *** cell transplantation is a great promising novel treatment for these incurable retinal degenerative diseases and represents an exciting area of regenerative *** suitable stem cell sources for transplantation including human embry.nic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells have been identified as promising target ***,the retina is an elegant neuronal complex composed of various ty.es of cells with different *** replacement of these different ty.es of cells by.transplantation should be addressed *** far,retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has achieved the most advanced stage of clinical trials,while transplantation of retinal neurons such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors has been mostly.studied in pre-clinical animal *** this review,we opine on the key.problems that need to be addressed before stem cells transplantation,especially.for replacing injured retinal ganglion cells,may.be used practically.for treatment.A key.problem we have called the Switchboard Dilemma is a major block to have functional retinal ganglion cell *** use the public switchboard telephone network as an example to illustrate different difficulties for replacing damaged components in the retina that allow for visual *** ganglion cell transplantation is confronted by.significant hurdles,because retinal ganglion cells receive signals from different interneurons,integrate and send signals to the correct targets of the visual sy.tem,which functions similar to the switchboard in a telephone network-therefore the Switchboard Dilemma.

关键词： cell transplantation optic nerve regeneration photoreceptors retina degeneration retinal ganglion cells stem cells

Analogous Sy.tems Principles and Concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Congruence Couple Therapy

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2020年第1期3卷 22-28页

作者： Bonnie k.lee Faculty.of Health Sciences University of LethbridgeLethbridgeAlbertaCanada

This article explicates the analogous principles and concepts between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and congruence couple therapy.CCT).Although originating out of vastly.different times and places,TCM and CCT share a view of health based on sy.tems understanding to facilitate the interconnections of the parts of an organism rather than focusing on eliminating *** approaches aim to release Qi(气)and vitality.by.removing blockages through adjusting the interactions,adaptation,and balance of multiple elements and y.n‑y.ng *** goal is to liberate the Qi or life force through improved holistic balance and *** TCM focuses on interventions at the level of the body.CCT focuses on the attention,awareness,acknowledgement,and alignment of the four human dimensions consisting of the intrapsy.hic,interpersonal,intergenerational,and universal‑*** light of the current trend toward increasing mental,substance use,and neurological disorders,in particular among countries of middle and low income,dialogue to explore these compatibilities between TCM and CCT is conducive to the continuous evolution of TCM and Western therapies to address not only.phy.ical health but also the exigencies of contemporary.addiction and mental health care within a mind–body.relationship matrix.

关键词： Addictive disorder congruence couple therapy family.therapy mental disorder substance use sy.temic therapy traditional Chinese medicine y.n‑y.ng(阴阳)

Comparison of Velocity.Shear with Turbulence Reduction Driven by.Biasing in a Simple Cy.indrical Slab Plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第4期12卷 391-396页

作者： k.W.GENTLE k.LIAO k.lee W.L.ROWAN Institute of Fusion Studies University of Texas at Austin

In an experimental realization of the sheared cy.indrical slab, the level of plasma turbulence is strongly.reduced by.application of a sufficient bias potential difference in the radial direction. Density.fluctuation levels △nrms/n decrease by.more than a factor of five. The ion flow velocity.profile is measured spectroscopically.from the Doppler shift of an argon ion line. Comparison of the shearing rates with the turbulent amplitudes as a function of bias show no relation between the shearing rate and turbulence reduction, contrary.to expectations.

关键词： turbulence suppression shear stabilization velocity.shear bias

Progressive trends in timing and imaging of lower extremity.reconstruction

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第12期6卷 26-36页

作者： Andrew y.Zhang David Cholok Gordon k.lee Department of Plastic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA

The salvage of mangled lower-extremities after severe injury.remains a daunting operative dilemma,but one that continues to evolve with advances in microsurgical and orthopedic ***,trends in clinical practice including the decision to salvage and timing of soft-tissue coverage are changing in concordance with improvements in wound care,flap selection for soft-tissue provision,and preoperative *** to these improvements,more complex wounds are increasingly.eligible for *** remains unclear,however,whether success in limb salvage confers improved functional patient *** present a review of the literature tracing recent advances in the salvage of mangled extremities following traumatic injury.with a focus on practice trends regarding timing of reconstruction,operative approaches,and preoperative imaging.

关键词： Lower extremity reconstruction propeller flaps amputation microsurgery trauma

Macrophage depletion and Schwann cell transplantation reduce cy.t size after rat contusive spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 684-691页

作者： y.e-Shuan lee Lucy.H.Funk Jae k.lee Mary.Bartlett Bunge The Miami Project to Cure Paraly.is University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Cell Biology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Schwann cell transplantation is a promising therapy.for the treatment of spinal cord injury.SCI） and is currently.in clinical *** our continuing efforts to improve Schwann cell transplantation strategies,we sought to determine the combined effects of Schwann cell transplantation with macrophage *** macrophages are major inflammatory.contributors to the acute spinal cord injury.and are the major phagocy.ic cells,we hy.othesized that transplanting Schwann cells after macrophage depletion will improve cell survival and integration with host tissue after *** test this hy.othesis,rat models of contusive SCI at thoracic level 8 were randomly.subjected to macrophage depletion or *** rat subjected to macrophage depletion,liposomes filled with clodronate were intraperitoneally.injected at 1,3,6,11,and 18 day. post *** not subjected to macrophage depletion were intraperitoneally.injected with liposomes filled with phosphate buffered *** cells were transplanted 1 week post injury.in all *** dextran amine（BDA） was injected at thoracic level 5 to evalute axon *** Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan locomotor test,Gridwalk test,and sensory.test using von Frey.filaments were performed to assess functional *** was used to detect glial fibrillary.acidic protein,neurofilament,and green fluorescent protein（GFP）,and also to visulize BDA-labelled *** GFP labeled Schwann cell and cy.t and lesion volumes were quantified using stained *** numbers of BDA-positive axons were also *** 8 weeks after Schwann cell transplantation,there was a significant reduction in cy.t and lesion volumes in the combined treatment group compared to Schwann cell transplantation *** changes were not associated,however,with improved Schwann cell survival,axon growth,or locomotor *** combining Schwann cell transplantation with macrophage depletion does improve histopathology.of the in

关键词： Schwann cell Iiposome clodrosome clodronate axon regeneration Schwann cell survival neuroprotection glial scar cy.t cell transplantation

The role of monocy.es in optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1666-1671页

作者： Xiangxiang Liu y.an Liu Mohamed M.khodeiry.Richard k.lee Beijing Tongren Ey. Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Bascom Palmer Ey. Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Monocy.es,including monocy.e-derived macrophages and resident microglia,mediate many.phases of optic nerve injury.*** microglia respond first,followed by.infiltrating macrophages which regulate neuronal inflammation,cell proliferation and differentiation,scar formation and tissue remodeling following optic nerve ***,microglia and macrophages have distinct functions which can be either beneficial or detrimental to the optic nerve depending on the spatial context and temporal sequence of their *** divergent effects are attributed to pro-and anti-inflammatory.cy.okines expressed by.monocy.es,crosstalk between monocy.e and glial cells and even microglia-macrophage *** this review,we describe the dy.amics and functions of microglia and macrophages in neuronal inflammation and regeneration following optic nerve injury.and their possible role as therapeutic targets for axonal regeneration.

关键词： fibrotic scar glial scar inflammation macrophage microglia optic nerve injury regeneration

Refractive surgical corrective options after cataract surgery

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Annals of Ey. Science 2019年第1期4卷 45-52页

作者： Sierra X.Jin Jimmy.k.lee Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine BronxNYUSA

Cataract surgery.is one of the most commonly.performed surgeries among the elderly.*** volume of cataract surgeries has dramatically.increased in the past few decades due to technological advancements leading to decreased morbidity.better overall outcomes,and increased expectation for correction of refractive error and spectacle independence after cataract *** number of cataract surgeries is expected to continue to rise with the increase of the elderly.***,accurate predictions of intraocular lens(IOL)power and the ability.to correct for any.postoperative refractive errors are *** the improved ability.of cataract surgeons to accurately.calculate IOL power,postoperative refractive errors still do occur due to various reasons such as imperfect preoperative measurements,toric-lens misalignment,and existing or surgically.induced *** aim of this article is to review the various surgical options,including intraocular and corneal refractive surgical approaches,to correct post-operative refractive errors after cataract surgery.

关键词： Refractive surgery cataract surgery intraocular lenses(IOLs) laser refractive surgery

Surgical management of uveitis-glaucoma-hy.hema sy.drome

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International Journal of Ophthalmology.English edition) 2020年第6期13卷 935-940页

作者： Abdelrahman M.Elhusseiny.Richard k.lee William E.Smiddy Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology Kasr Al-AinySchool of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 12611Egypt

AIM:To report outcomes of patients after intraocular lens(IOL)repositioning or exchange for the version of the uveitisglaucoma-hy.hema(UGH)sy.drome that does not include closed loop anterior chamber IOL(nUGH).METHODS:Chart review of patients with nUGH who underwent IOL repositioning or exchange by.one surgeon were *** main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity.BCVA)as a decimal fraction preoperatively.and postoperatively.after IOL repositioning or *** findings evaluated included the presence of uveitis,hy.hema,elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),and other complications such as pigment dispersion or vitreous *** number of anti-inflammatory.and glaucoma medications were assessed before and after IOL repositioning or ***:The study.included 14 pseudophakic *** median time at the onset of contemporary.UGH after cataract extraction and IOL implantation(CE/IOL)was7.5 *** repositioning or exchange was performed at a mean duration of 8.1±4.7 mo(median:4 mo)after onset of *** mean BCVA was improved from 0.45±0.26 preoperatively.after onset of UGH sy.drome to 0.76±0.22(P=0.016)after IOL repositioning or *** the14 ey.s,uveitis,elevated IOP,and hy.hema were present preoperatively.in 13,13,and 6 ey.s,*** and hy.hema resolved in all cases after IOL *** mean IOP was reduced from 26.4±4.5 mm Hg preoperatively.to 14.7±4.9 postoperatively.P=0.01).The mean number of glaucoma medications used was reduced from 1.7±1.1 medications preoperatively.to 0.8±1.08(P=0.04)***:IOL repositioning or exchange is an effective treatment in many.cases for medically.resistant contemporary.UGH sy.drome.

关键词： intraocular lens complications secondary.glaucoma vitrectomy

Generation of dy.amically.perfused functional vascular network sy.tem within hy.rogel using3D bio-printing technology

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医用生物力学 2013年第S1期28卷 9-11页

作者： Vivian k.lee Seung-Schik y.o Peter Vincent Guohao Dai Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Sciences Albany Medical College

Introduction:3D bio-printing technology.1-3]（Figure 1）capable of dispensing live cells,soluble factors,and phase-changing hy.rogel in a desired pattern,has great potential in creating 3D ***,maintaining the viabilit... 详细信息

Introduction:3D bio-printing technology.sup>[1-3]（Figure 1）capable of dispensing live cells,soluble factors,and phase-changing hy.rogel in a desired pattern,has great potential in creating 3D ***,maintaining the viability.of a thick tissue structure during tissue growth and maturation is challenging due to lack of adequate vascular *** a simple tissue model with

关键词： hy.rogel printing perfusion dy.amically challenging viability maintaining desired thick capable