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Dy.amic Monitoring of Plant Cover and Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing, Mathematical Modeling, Computer Simulation and GIS Techniq.es

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 1466-1493页

作者： Z. y. Zeng J. Z. cao Z. J. Gu Z. L. Zhang W. Zheng y. q. cao H. y. Peng College of Geographical Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Dandong Bureau of Environment Protection Dandong China Dandong Center for Oases Research Dandong China Nanjing Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China. National Satellite Meteorological Center Meteorological Administration Beijing China School of Architecture and Urban Planning Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China School of Bio-Chemical and Environmental Engineering Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing China

Dy.amic monitoring of plant cover and soil erosion often uses remote sensing data, especially.for estimating the plant cover rate (vegetation coverage) by.vegetation index. However, the latter is influenced by.atmospheric effects and methods for correcting them are still imperfect and disputed. This research supposed and practiced an indirect, fast, and operational method to conduct atmospheric correction of images for getting comparable vegetation index values in different times. It tries to find a variable free from atmospheric effects, e.g., the mean vegetation coverage value of the whole study.area, as a basis to reduce atmospheric correction parameters by.establishing mathematical models and conducting simulation calculations. Using these parameters, the images can be atmospherically.corrected. And then, the vegetation index and corresponding vegetation coverage values for all pixels, the vegetation coverage maps and coverage grade maps for different y.ars were calculated, i.e., the plant cover monitoring was realized. Using the vegetation coverage grade maps and the ground slope grade map from a DEM to generate soil erosion grade maps for different y.ars, the soil erosion monitoring was also realized. The results show that in the study.area the vegetation coverage was the lowest in 1976, much better in 1989, but a bit worse again in 2001. Towards the soil erosion, it had been mitigated continuously.from 1976 to 1989 and then to 2001. It is interesting that a little decrease of vegetation coverage from 1989 to 2001 did not lead to increase of soil erosion. The reason is that the decrease of vegetation coverage was chiefly.caused by.urbanization and thus mainly.occurred in very.gentle terrains, where soil erosion was naturally.slight. The results clearly.indicate the details of plant cover and soil erosion change in 25 y.ars and also offer a scientific foundation for plant and soil conservation.

关键词： Atmospheric Correction Field Measurement Modeling Regression Simulation Soil Erosion Vegetation Coverage Vegetation Index

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Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Dermatomy.sitis (2022)#

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International Journal of Dermatology.and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 163-173页

作者： cao H. Chen A.-J. Cui y. Deng D.-q. Gao X.-H. He y.-L. Kang X.-J. Jin H.-Z. Li C.-X. Li F. Li H.-J. Liao W.-J. Liu X.-M. Lu q.-J. Lu y. Pan M. Pan W.-H. Shu X.-M. Sun q. Tang K.-y. Tao J. Wang y. Xiao T. Zhang F.-R. Zhang H.-L. Department of Dermatology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China Department of Dermatology First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400042 China Department of Dermatology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China Department of Dermatology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Yunnan Kunming 650101 China Department of Dermatology The First Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Shenyang 110001 China Department of Dermatology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Department of Dermatology.and Venereology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Department of Dermatology State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China Department of Dermatology First Medical Center PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Department of Dermatology Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital Hainan Sanya 572013 China Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Air Force Medical University Shaanxi Xi'an 710032 China Department of Dermatology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital Guangdong Shenzhen 518052 China Hospital for Skin Diseases Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Jiangsu Nanjing 210042 China Department of Dermatology Jiangsu Province Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Nanjing 210029 China Department of Dermatology Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai 200003 China Department of Rheumatology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China Department of Dermatology Qilu Hospital of Shandong Universit

Dermatomy.sitis, an idiopathic inflammatory.my.pathy. is characterized by.distinctive skin manifestations, proximal muscle weakness, and multiple organ involvement and can be accompanied by.malignancies. To provide a reference for dermatologists and clinicians in other relevant fields of clinical practice, experts from the Dermatology.Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Health Care and the National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases developed this consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of adult dermatomy.sitis using Chinese and international literature and expert advice. © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health. All rights reserved.

关键词： adult clinical protocols dermatomy.sitis diagnosis expert consensus treatment

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Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.y.n X.F.Li y.J.Gu N.cao q.Kong M.Büscher S.M.Weng M.Chen Z.M.Sheng Key.Laboratory.of Nuclear Phy.ics and Ion-beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key.Laboratory.of High Field Laser Phy.ics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina SANKEN(Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter Grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphy.ik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key.Laboratory.for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by.particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±Bargmann±Michel±Telegdi eq.ation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by.the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found ty.ically.in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly.influenced by.the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the q.asi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly.zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

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An Online q.Learning Method for Linear-q.adratic Nonzero-Sum Stochastic Differential Games with Completely.Unknown Dy.amics

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Journal of Sy.tems Science & Complexity 2024年第5期37卷 1907-1922页

作者： ZHANG Bao-q.ang WANG Bing-Chang cao y.ng School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University

In this paper, the authors design a reinforcement learning algorithm to solve the adaptive linear-q.adratic stochastic n-play.rs non-zero sum differential game with completely.unknown dy.amics. For each play.r, a critic network is used to estimate the q.function, and an actor network is used to estimate the control input. A model-free online q.learning algorithm is obtained for solving this kind of problems. It is proved that under some mild conditions the sy.tem state and weight estimation errors can be uniformly.ultimately.bounded. A simulation with five play.rs is given to verify.the effectiveness of the algorithm.

关键词： Actor-critic algorithm model-free adaptive control nonzero-sum stochastic game reinforcement learning

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Ultrasound sensing with optical microcavities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1487-1511页

作者： Xuening cao Hao y.ng Zu-Lei Wu Bei-Bei Li Beijing National Laboratory.for Condensed Matter Phy.ics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University.of Chinese Academy.of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808 GuangdongChina

Ultrasound sensors play.an important role in biomedical imaging,industrial nondestructive inspection,*** ultrasound sensors that use piezoelectric transducers face limitations in sensitivity.and spatial resolution when miniaturized,with ty.ical sizes at the millimeter to centimeter *** overcome these challenges,optical ultrasound sensors have emerged as a promising alternative,offering both high sensitivity.and spatial *** particular,ultrasound sensors utilizing high-q.ality.factor(q.optical microcavities have achieved unprecedented performance in terms of sensitivity.and bandwidth,while also enabling mass production on silicon *** this review,we focus on recent advances in ultrasound sensing applications using three ty.es of optical microcavities:Fabry.Perot cavities,π-phase-shifted Bragg gratings,and whispering gallery.mode *** provide an overview of the ultrasound sensing mechanisms employ.d by.these microcavities and discuss the key.parameters for optimizing ultrasound ***,we survey.recent advances in ultrasound sensing using these microcavity.based approaches,highlighting their applications in diverse detection scenarios,such as photoacoustic imaging,ranging,and particle *** goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the latest advances in ultrasound sensing with optical microcavities and their potential for future development in high-performance ultrasound imaging and sensing technologies.

关键词： optical millimeter offering

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STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Phy.ics & detector

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Frontiers of phy.ics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti q.An X.Z.Bai y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barny.kov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomy.gkov A.Bondar I.Boy.o Z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.cao q.H.cao X.cao Z.cao q.Chang K.T.Chao D.y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen y.Chen y.q.Chen H.y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai L.y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding L.y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du y.J.Du Z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov y.L.Fan S.S.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.q.Feng X.Feng y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.L.Han L.Han M.Han X.q.Hao J.B.He S.q.He X.G.He y.L.He Z.B.He Z.X.Heng B.L.Hou T.J.Hou y.R.Hou C.y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang q.y.Huang W.q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang y.B.Huang y.S.Huang N.Hüsken V.Ivanov q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.L.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin y.Lei E.Levichev C.H.Li C.Li D.y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.N.Li H.J.Li H.L.Li J.M.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li S.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.q.Li X.H.Li y.Li y.y.Li Z.J.Li H.Liang J.H.Liang y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.J.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu H.B.Liu J.Liu J.J.Liu J.B.Liu K.Liu K.y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu q.Liu S.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu y.W.Liu y.Liu y.L.Liu Z.q.Liu Z.y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu N.Lu q.F.Lü y.Lu y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.J.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo y.H.Luo H.J.Ly. X.R.Ly. J.P.Ma P.Ma y.Ma y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.Nefediev y.Nefedov S.L.Olsen q.Ouy.ng P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan y.Pan E.Passemar y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Py.ta B.B.q. y.q.q. W.B.q.an y.q.an C.F.q.ao J.J.q.n J.J.q.n L.q.q.n X.S.q.n T.L.q.u J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Phy.ics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key.Laboratory.of Theoretical Phy.ics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University.of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University.of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Poly.echniq.e Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University.Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University.of Technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy.Phy.ics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School of Economy.11 Pokrovsky.Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University.of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University.of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy.Phy.ics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Phy.ics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Phy.ics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Phy.ics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility.STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by.the Chinese particle phy.ics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy.range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity.of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory.the BEPCII,providing a uniq.e platform for exploring the asy.metry.of matter-antimatter(charge-parity.violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and phy.ics bey.nd the Standard *** STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the phy.ics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector sy.tem,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and phy.ics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

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Atomistic Investigation of Shock-Induced Amorphization within Micro-shear Bands in Hexagonal Close-Packed Titanium

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第9期37卷 1590-1600页

作者： Z.C.Meng K.G.Wang T.Ali D.Li C.G.Bai D.S.Xu S.J.Li A.H.Feng G.J.cao J.H.y.o q.B.Fan H.Wang R.y.ng Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Interdisciplinary.Centre for Additive Manufacturing(ICAM) School of Materials and ChemistryUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Key.Laboratory.for Light-Weight Materials Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China National Key.Laboratory.of Science and Technology.on Materials Under Shock and Impact School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Institute of Technology.Chongq.ng Innovation Center Chongqing 401135China

The mechanical response of a single cry.tal titanium sample against(0001)α surface impact was investigated using molecular dy.amics ***,non-uniform plastic deformation was observed in the *** high strain rates,amorphization occurred near the edge of the contact region where severe shear strain induced a large number of stacking faults(SFs)and *** contrast,the central part of the contact region underwent less deformation with significantly.fewer ***,instead of amorphization by.consuming SFs and dislocations,there was a gradual increase in the density.of dislocations and SFs during the process of *** local amorphous regions eventually.grew into shear bands.

关键词： Shock compression Amorphization Shear band Titanium Molecular dy.amics

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A high-performance multi-wavelength optical switch based on multiple Fano resonances in an all-dielectric metastructure

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第4期20卷 193-199页

作者： cao Shuangshuang FAN Xiny. FANG Wenjing CHEN Huawei BAI Chenglin TONG Cunzhu School of Phy.ics Science and Information Engineering Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000China Shandong Provincial Key.Laboratory.of Optical Communication Science and Technology Liaocheng 252000China Liaocheng Key.Laboratory.of Industrial-Internet Research and Application Liaocheng 252000China Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China State Key.Laboratory.of Luminescence and Applications Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China

The multi-wavelength optical switch based on an all-dielectric metastructure consisting of four asy.metric semi-circular rings was designed and analy.ed in this *** Fano resonance modes,which can be explained by.bound states in the continuum(BIC)theory.are excited in our structure with a maximum q.factor of about 2450 and a modulation depth close to 100%.By.changing the polarization direction of the incident light,the transmission amplitude of Fano resonances can get effectively.*** on this tuning property.the metastructure can achieve a multi-wavelength optical switch in the near-infrared region(900—980 nm)and the maximum extinction ratio can reach 38.3 d *** addition,the results indicate that the Fano resonances are sensitive to the changes in the refractive *** sensitivity.S)and the figure of merit(FOM)are 197 nm/RIU and 492 *** proposed metastructure has promising potential in applications such as optical switches,sensors,modulators and lasers.

关键词： dielectric structure resonance

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Maclaurin Sy.metric Mean Aggregation Operators and Their Application to Hesitant q.Rung Orthopair Fuzzy.Multiple Attribute Decision Making

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Journal of Sy.tems Science and Information 2024年第4期12卷 515-542页

作者： q.an y. Xudong LI Jun cao Fangsu ZHAO Longxiao LI Ling TAN School of Business and Administration Chongqing University of Science & Technology School of Economics and Management Chongqing Jiaotong University

The Maclaurin sy.metric mean(MSM) operator exhibits a desirable characteristic by.effectively.capturing the correlations among multiple input parameters, and it serves as an extension of certain existing aggregation operators through adjustments to the parameter k. The hesitant q.rung orthopair set(Hq.ROFSs) can serve as an extension of the existing orthopair fuzzy.sets, which provides decision makers more freedom in describing their true opinions. The objective of this paper is to present an MSM operator to aggregate hesitant q.rung orthopair numbers and solve the multiple attribute decision making(MADM) problems in which the attribute values take the form of hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.sets(H-q.OFSs). Firstly. the definition of H-q.OFSs and some operational laws of H-q.OFSs are proposed. Then we develop a family.of hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.maclaurin sy.metric mean aggregation operators, such as the hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.maclaurin sy.metric mean(Hq.ROFMSM) operator, the hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.weighted maclaurin sy.metric mean(Hq.ROFWMSM) operator, the hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.dual maclaurin sy.metric mean(Hq.ROFDMSM) operator, the hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.weighted dual maclaurin sy.metric mean(Hq.ROFWDMSM) operator. And the properties and special cases of these proposed operators are studied. Furthermore, an approach based on the Hq.ROFWMSM operator is proposed for multiple attribute decision making problems under hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.environment. Finally.a numerical example and comparative analy.is is given to illustrate the application of the proposed approach.

关键词： hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.sets multiple attribute decision making Maclaurin sy.metric mean operator hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.weighted dual MSM (Hq.ROFWDMSM) operator hesitant q.rung orthopair fuzzy.weighted MSM (Hq.ROFWMSM) operator

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More than just aligning the teeth:Clear aligners with multifunctional prowess

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7665-7674页

作者： y.ng Chen Lei-Ming cao Nian-Nian Zhong Zi-Zhan Li Lin-Lin Bu Fang-y. Huo Hong He State Key.Laboratory.of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Department of Zhuankou Clinical Branches School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430000China Department of Orthodontics School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

With the increasing demand for beauty.and health,clear aligners(CAs)have been widely.applied among patients with ***,patients treated with CAs also face some potential complications,such as demineralization,dental caries,and periodontal *** addition,some patients have additional needs to improve their q.ality.of life,such as bleaching *** order to prevent or solve these problems,the modification of CAs is a promising method because their extensive long-term contact with tooth surfaces makes them ideal devices for implementing adjuvant medical *** this review,we discuss various advanced CAs with medical functions based on the clinical needs of *** far as we know,the additional functions of CAs mainly.include antibacterial,remineralization,whitening,and accelerating tooth *** functions are achieved by.two major pathway.,the combination of CAs with drugs/biomaterials and increasing the capacity.or affinity.of *** addition,we discuss the current limitations of in vitro experiments which are designed to explore the effectiveness and properties of novel CAs,and the challenges of bringing a multifunctional appliance from proposal to clinical *** the end of this review,we provide insights into the broader prospects for the improvement of CAs.

关键词： advanced clear aligners medical device modification drug delivery.sy.tem personalized medicine

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