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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S y yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Efficiency corrections for mutually inclusive variables and particle identification effect for mixed-cumulants in heavy-ion collisions

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第10期45卷 58-68页

作者： Arghya Chatterjee Toshihiro nonaka ShinIchi Esumi Xiaofeng Luo Key Laboratory of Quark&Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe University of TsukubaIbaraki 305Japan

Mix-cumulants of conserved charge distributions are sensitive observables for probing properties of the QCD medium and phase transition in heavy-ion *** perform precise measurements,efficiency correction is one of the most important *** this study,using the binomial efficiency model,we derive efficiency correction formulas for mutually exclusive and inclusive *** UrQMD model is applied to verify the validity of these formulas for different types of ***,we investigate the effect of the multiplicity loss and contamination emerging from the particle *** study provides important steps toward future measurements of mixed-cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

关键词： QCD critical point heavy-ion collisions quark-gluon plasma fluctuations and correlations

Stochastic model predictive braking control for heavy-duty commercial vehicles during uncertain brake pressure and road profile conditions

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第2期20卷 248-262页

作者： Ryota Nakahara Kazuma Sekiguchi Kenichiro nonaka Masahiro Takasugi Hiroki Hasebe Kenichi Matsubara Graduate School of Integrative Science and Engineering Tokyo City UniversityTamazutsumiSetagaya-kuTokyo 1588557Japan Nabtesco Automotive Co. Ltd.HirakawachoChiyoda-kuTokyo 1020093Japan

When heavy-duty commercial vehicles(HDCVs)must engage in emergency braking,uncertain conditions such as the brake pressure and road profile variations will inevitably affect braking *** minimize these uncertainties,we propose a combined longitudinal and lateral controller method based on stochastic model predictive control(SMPC)that is achieved via Chebyshev–Cantelli *** our method,SMPC calculates braking control inputs based on a finite time prediction that is achieved by solving stochastic programming elements,including chance *** accomplish this,SMPC explicitly describes the probabilistic uncertainties to be used when designing a robust control *** main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a braking control formulation that is robust against probabilistic friction circle uncertainty *** specifically,the use of Chebyshev–Cantelli inequality suppresses road profile influences,which have characteristics that are different from the Gaussian distribution,thereby improving both braking robustness and control performance against statistical ***,since the Kalman filtering(KF)algorithm is used to obtain the expectation and covariance used for calculating deterministic transformed chance constraints,the SMPC is reformulated as a KF embedded deterministic ***,the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified via a MATLAB/Simulink and TruckSim co-simulation.

关键词： Heavy-duty commercial vehicle Brake system Stochastic model predictive control Road profile

Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder:Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 72-79页

作者： Serdar Kabatas ErdinçCivelek Eyüp Can Savrunlu Umut Karaaslan Özlem yıldız Erdal Karaöz Department of Neurosurgery University of Health Sciences TurkeyGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Institute of Health Sciences Marmara UniversityIstanbul 34865Türkiye Center for Stem Cell&Gene Therapy Research and Practice University of Health Sciences TurkeyIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Health SciencesGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Kocaeli University Faculty of MedicineKocaeli 41001Türkiye Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research&Manufacturing Liv HospitalIstanbul 34340Türkiye Department of Histology and Embryology Istinye UniversityFaculty of MedicineIstanbul 34010Türkiye Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and Practice Istinye UniversityIstanbul 34340Türkiye

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted *** recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its *** are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of *** To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell *** A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with *** The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor *** serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year *** The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Neurorehabilitation Stem cell transplantation Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells Inflammation

Efficient Variable-Coefficient Finite-Volume Stokes Solvers

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第10期16卷 1263-1297页

作者： Mingchao Cai Andy.nonaka John B.Bell Boyce E.Griffith Aleksandar Donev Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10012USA. Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA. Leon H.Charney Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNYUSA. Department of Mathematics University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA

We investigate several robust preconditioners for solving the saddle-point linear systems that arise from spatial discretization of unsteady and steady variablecoefficient Stokes equations on a uniform staggered *** on the success of using the classical projection method as a preconditioner for the coupled velocitypressure system[***,***.,228(2009),pp.7565–7595],as well as established techniques for steady and unsteady Stokes flow in the finite-element literature,we construct preconditioners that employ independent generalized Helmholtz and Poisson solvers for the velocity and pressure *** demonstrate that only a single cycle of a standard geometric multigrid algorithm serves as an effective inexact solver for each of these *** to traditional wisdom,we find that the Stokes problem can be solved nearly as efficiently as the independent pressure and velocity subproblems,making the overall cost of solving the Stokes system comparable to the cost of classical projection or fractional step methods for incompressible flow,even for steady flow and in the presence of large density and viscosity *** of the five preconditioners considered here are found to be robust to GMRES restarts and to increasing problem size,making them suitable for large-scale *** work opens many possibilities for constructing novel unsplit temporal integrators for finite-volume spatial discretizations of the equations of low Mach and incompressible flow dynamics.

关键词： Stokes flow variable density variable viscosity saddle point problems projection method preconditioning GMRES.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Behaviours of Non-Polar Droplets Merging and Interactions with Hydrophobic Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第4期5卷 271-281页

作者： y.y. yan C.y. Ji School of the Built Environment University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK

This paper presents a molecular dynamics simulation of the behaviours of non-polar droplets merging and also the fluid molecules interacting with a hydrophobic surface. Such behaviours and transport phenomena are popular in general microchannel flow boiling and two-phase flow. The droplets are assumed to be composed of Lennards-Jones type molecules. Periodic boundary conditions are applied in three coordinate directions of a 3-D system, where there exist two liquid droplets and their vapour. The two droplets merge when they come within the prescribed small distance. The merging of two droplets apart from each other at different initial distances is tested and the possible larger （or critical） non-dimensional distance, in which droplets merging can occur, is discussed. The evolution of the merging process is simulated numerically by employing the Molecular Dynamics （MD） method. For interactions with hydrophobic solid wall, a system with fluid confined between two walls is used to study the wetting phenomena of fluid and solid wall. The results are compared with those of hydrophilic wall to show the unique characteristics of hydrophobic interactions by microscopic methods.

关键词： molecular dynamics simulation mist flow droplets merging hydrophobic wetting

Simulation of plastic deformation induced texture evolution using the crystallographic homogenization finite element method

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2017年第1期30卷 51-63页

作者： y.P.Chen y.y.Cai Department of Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology

A semi-implicit elastic/crystalline viscoplastic finite element（FE） method based on a ＂crystallographic homogenization＂ approach is formulated for a multi-scale analysis. In the formulation, the asymptotic series expansion is introduced to define the displacement in the micro-continuum. This homogenization FE analysis is aimed at predicting the plastic deformation induced texture evolution of polycrystalline materials, the constituent microstructure of which is represented by an assembly of single crystal grains. The rate dependent crystal plasticity model is adopted for the description of microstructures. Their displacements are decomposed into two parts： the homogenized deformation defined in the macrocontinuum and the perturbed one in the micro-continuum. This multi-scale formulation makes it possible to carry out an alternative transition from a representative micro-structure to the macro-continuum. This homogenization procedure satisfies both the compatibility and the equilibrium in the micro-structure. This developed code is applied to predict the texture evolution, and its performance is demonstrated by the numerical examples of texture evolution of FCC polycrystalline metals.

关键词： Homogenization Local periodicity Crystalline plasticity Texture Finite element