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光电催化还原二氧化碳概览

自然杂志 2017年第4期39卷 235-241页

作者：饶旭峰许杰刘予宇张久俊上海大学理学院上海200444 上海大学可持续能源研究院上海200444

光电催化还原二氧化碳(CO_2)利用光能和电能可以将二氧化碳转化为液体燃料或其他有机化合物,还原过程结合了光催化还原和电化学还原的优点,具有巨大的应用潜力。通过简要介绍并比较光催化转化、电催化还原和光电协同催化还原CO_2的原理... 详细信息

光电催化还原二氧化碳(CO_2)利用光能和电能可以将二氧化碳转化为液体燃料或其他有机化合物,还原过程结合了光催化还原和电化学还原的优点,具有巨大的应用潜力。通过简要介绍并比较光催化转化、电催化还原和光电协同催化还原CO_2的原理和特点,得出光电催化还原CO_2具备诸多优点,并对光电催化还原CO_2的影响因素进行了分析,最后对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词：光催化光电催化二氧化碳还原

Passive activity enhances residual control ability in patients with complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2337-2347页

作者： Yanqing Xiao Mingming Gao Zejia He Jia Zheng Hongming Bai Jia-Sheng rao Guiyun Song Wei Song Xiaoguang Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Evaluation China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina Cardiac Center Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Engineering China Rehabilitation Science InstituteBeijingChina

Patients with complete spinal cord injury retain the potential for volitional muscle activity in muscles located below the spinal injury ***,because of prolonged inactivity,initial attempts to activate these muscles may not effectively engage any of the remaining neurons in the descending pathway.A previous study unexpectedly found that a brief clinical round of passive activity significantly increased volitional muscle activation,as measured by surface *** this study,we further explored the effect of passive activity on surface electromyographic signals during volitional control tasks among individuals with complete spinal cord *** patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury were *** electromyography data from eight major leg muscles were acquired and compared before and after the passive activity *** results indicated that the passive activity led to an increased number of activated volitional muscles and an increased frequency of *** the cumulative root mean square of surface electromyography amplitude for volitional control of movement showed a slight increase after passive activity,the difference was not statistically *** findings suggest that brief passive activity may enhance the ability to initiate volitional muscle activity during surface electromyography tasks and underscore the potential of passive activity for improving residual motor control among patients with motor complete spinal cord injury.

关键词： complete spinal cord injury cycle training epidural electrical stimulation motor training passive activity physiological state spinal cord circuit surface electromyography volitional control task

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever:Pathogenesis,transmission and public health challenges

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 63-72页

作者： Sita Kumari Karanam Kandra Nagvishnu Praveen Kumar Uppala Sandhya Edhi Srinivasa rao Varri Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Maharajah’s College of PharmacyVizianagaram 535002Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Pharmacology Santhiram Medical College and General HospitalNandyal 518501Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Pharmacology Santhiram Medical College and General HospitalNandyal 518501Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Pharmaceutical AnalysisMaharajah's College of PharmacyVizianagaram 535002Andhra PradeshIndia

The dangerous Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),an encapsulated negative-sense RNA virus of the family Nairoviridae,is transmitted from person to person via *** a case fatality rate between 10%to 40%,the most common ways that the disease may spread to humans are via tick bites or coming into touch with infected animals'blood or ***,the transfer of bodily fluids between individuals is another potential route of *** is a wide range of symptoms experienced by patients throughout each stage,from myalgia and fever to extreme bruising and excess *** management measures include minimising the spread of ticks from one species to another and from people to animals via the use of protective clothing,repellents,and proper animal *** order to prevent the spread of illness,healthcare workers must adhere to stringent *** the lack of an authorised vaccine,the main components of treatment now consist of preventative measures and supportive care,which may include the antiviral medicine *** still don't know very much about the virus's mechanisms,even though advances in molecular virology and animal models have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of CCHFV.A critical need for vaccination that is both safe and effective,as well as for quick diagnosis and efficient treatments to lessen the disease's impact in areas where it is most *** steps towards lowering Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever mortality and morbidity rates were to anticipatethe future availability of immunoglobulin products.

关键词： Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever Tick-borne illness Immunoglobulins Viral hemorrhagic fever Antiviral therapy

Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 779-793页

作者： Guangyong Zhang Qing Yao Chubing Long Pengcheng Yi Jiali Song Luojia Wu Wei Wan Xiuqin rao Yue Lin Gen Wei Jun Ying Fuzhou Hua Department of Anesthesiology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province NanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier macrophages monocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation review therapy

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智能四驱汽车整车性能仿真分析

农业装备与车辆工程 2017年第7期55卷 64-67页

作者：穆加彩张振东朱敏杰董旭峰饶洪宇张华清上海理工大学机械工程学院上海市200093

以某商用车技术中心开发的某款SUV车型为例,根据整车性能设计目标,对整车动力、传动等关键子系统进行性能参数匹配。使用CRUISE仿真软件搭建整车性能模型并进行仿真分析,并通过实测数据与仿真数据进行对比,从而判断是否满足性能指标要求。

关键词：整车性能 CRUISE 仿真

Region-dependent micro damage of enamel under indentation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第6期28卷 1651-1658页

作者： Bing-Bing An rao-rao Wang .Dong-Sheng Zhang rao-rao Wang Dong-Sheng Zhang Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 200072 Shanghai China The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University 200072 Shanghai China Department of Mechanics Shanghai University200444 Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering 200072 Shanghai China

The objective of this investigation is to explore the region-dependent damage behavior of enamel, as well as to develop a good understanding of the deformation mech- anisms of enamel with numerical modeling. Nanoinden- tation experiments have been performed to investigate the load-penetration depth responses for outer and inner enamel. Results show that the unloading curve does not follow the loading curve, and degradation of stiffness in the unloading curve is observed. Based on the experimental data, a physi- cal quantity, the chain density in protein, has been introduced to the Drucker-Prager plastic model. Numerical simulations show that the simulated load-penetration depth curves agree with the experiments, and the stiffness degradation behav- iors of outer and inner enamel are captured by the numerical model. The region-dependent damage behavior of enamel could be revealed by the numerical model. The micro dam- age affected area at inner enamel is larger than that at outer enamel, indicating that the inner enamel experiences more micro damage than the outer one. Compared with its outer counterpart, the inner enamel which is rich in organic protein could break more internal protein chains to dissipate energy and to enhance its resistance to fracture accordingly.

关键词： Enamel. Nanoindentation Damage. Numerical simulation

Nanofluids:Stability,phase diagram,rheology and applications

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 549-555页

作者： Yuanqiao rao Corporate R&D The Dow Chemical Company Freeport 7X 77541 USA

There is no doubt about the potential technological significance of nanofluids. The promising application areas have been identified as effective heat transfer fluids, contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, magnetohyperthermia treatment, precursors to high performance nanocomposites and ordered nanostructures. However, commercial applications are rare, in part due to the limited understanding of the nanofluid fundamentals such as colloid stability, phase diagrams and rheology. This paper intends to provide a brief overview of the scientific disciplines that are important to nanofluids, and the interconnection among different disciplines in order to gain a perspective on the future development of this intriguing area.

关键词： Nanofluids Colloid stability Phase diagram Rheology

Science and technology of atmospheric effects on optical engineering：Progress in 3rd quinquennium of 21st century

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2017年第12期60卷 1771-1783页

作者： rao RuiZhong Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China

Brief introduction with remarks is given for recent work in optical properties of turbulent and turbid atmospheres and their effects on optical engineering. Emphasis about turbulence investigation is paid on spatial structure characteristics of optical turbulence,turbulence profiling with lidar technology, and turbulence prediction based on mesoscale atmospheric model. Discussion of turbid atmosphere study is focused on light scattering by non-spherical aerosol particles, high resolution atmospheric transmittance from solar radiation measurement, total sky imaging with high spectral resolution, and the modulation transfer function of a turbid medium. Key points about light propagation through turbulence include non-Kolmogorov turbulence effects, probability distribution models of scintillation, and combined beam propagation. Atmospheric effects on quantum communication are discussed, and statistical characteristics of atmospheric effects on optical engineering are introduced.

关键词： optical engineering atmospheric effect light propagation turbulence aerosol particles

A review of recent studies on rotating internal cooling for gas turbine blades

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第7期34卷 85-113页

作者： Kirttayoth YERANEE Yu rao Institute of Turbomachinery School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Gas turbines have been used extensively for aircraft and marine propulsions as well as land-based power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and large power to weight *** further increase the thermal efficiency,numerous prior researches on gas turbine blade internal cooling have been intensively carried out,majorly under stationary ***,the stationary studies neglect the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces,which should change the velocity,turbulence and temperature distribution under rotating *** elucidate the rotational effects on gas turbine internal cooling,the extensive results collected from recent investigations are discussed,which include the rotation and buoyancy effects on the rib turbulated cooling,pin fin cooling,jet impingement cooling,dimple/protrusion cooling,latticework cooling as well as swirl *** rotational effects on the friction factors and the most employed experimental and numerical methods are also ***,recommendations for future research are ***,this review article provides extensive literature information for the design of the next-generation high-efficiency internal cooling for rotating turbine blades.

关键词： Flow characteristics Gas turbine blade Heat transfer Internal cooling Rotation