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Feasibility, limitation and possible solutions of RNAi-based technology for insect pest control

Insect Science 2013年第1期20卷 15-30页

作者： Hao Zhang Hai-Chao Li xue-xia miao Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Numerous studies indicate that target gene silencing by RNA interference （RNAi） could lead to insect death. This phenomenon has been considered as a potential strategy for insect pest control, and it is termed RNAi-mediated crop protection. However, there are many limitations using RNAi-based technology for pest control, with the effectiveness target gene selection and reliable double-strand RNA （dsRNA） delivery being two of the major challenges. With respect to target gene selection, at present, the use of homologous genes and genome-scale high-throughput screening are the main strategies adopted by researchers. Once the target gene is identified, dsRNA can be delivered by micro-injection or by feeding as a dietary component. However, micro-injection, which is the most common method, can only be used in laboratory experiments. Expression of dsRNAs directed against insect genes in transgenic plants and spraying dsRNA reagents have been shown to induce RNAi effects on target insects. Hence, RNAi-mediated crop protection has been considered as a potential new-generation technology for pest control, or as a complementary method of existing pest control strategies; however, further devel- opment to improve the efficacy of protection and range of species affected is necessary. In this review, we have summarized current research on RNAi-based technology for pest insect management. Current progress has proven that RNAi technology has the potential to be a tool for designing a new generation of insect control measures. To accelerate its practical application in crop protection, further study on dsRNA uptake mechanisms based on the knowledge of insect physiology and biochemistry is needed.

关键词： delivery dsRNA insect pest control RNAi screen

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Prediction of effective RNA interference targets and pathway-related genes in lepidopteran insects by RNA sequencing analysis

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 356-367页

作者： Ruo-Bing Guan Hai-Chao Li xue-xia miao Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

When using RNA interference （RNAi） to study gene functions in Lepidoptera insects, we discovered that some genes could not be suppressed; instead, their expression levels could be up-regulated by double-stranded RNA （dsRNA）. To predict which genes could be easily silenced, we treated the Asian corn borer （Ostriniafilrnacalis） with dsGFP （green fluorescent protein） and dsMLP （muscle lim protein）. A transcriptome sequence analysis was conducted using the cDNAs 6 h after treatment with dsRNA. The results indicated that 160 genes were up-regulated and 44 genes were down-regulated by the two dsRNAs. Then, 50 co-up-regulated, 25 co-down-regulated and 43 unaffected genes were selected to determine their RNAi responses. All the 25 down-regulated genes were knocked down by their corresponding dsRNA. However, several of the up-regulated and unaffected genes were up-regulated when treated with their corresponding dsRNAs instead of being knocked down. The genes up-regulated by the dsGFP treatment may be involved in insect immune responses or the RNAi pathway. When the immune-related genes were excluded, only seven genes were induced by dsGFP, including ago-2 and dicer-2. These results not only provide a reference for efficient RNAi target predications, but also provide some potential RNAi pathway-related genes for further study.

关键词： Ostrinia furnacalis RNA interference RNAi targets RNA-seq

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Deficiency of mitochondrial outer membrane protein 64 confers rice resistance to both piercing-sucking and chewing insects in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第12期62卷 1967-1982页

作者： Hui‐Min Guo Hai‐Chao Li Shi‐Rong Zhou Hong‐Wei xue xue‐xia miao Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyInnovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

The brown planthopper(BPH)and striped stem borer(SSB)are the most devastating insect pests in rice(Oryza sativa)producing areas.Screening for endogenous resistant genes is the most practical strategy for rice insect-resistance breeding.Forty-five mutants showing high re-sistance against BPH were identified in a rice T-DNA in-sertion population(11,000 putative homozygous lines)after 4 years of large-scale field BPH-resistance phenotype screening.Detailed analysis showed that deficiency of rice mitochondrial outer membrane protein 64(OM64)gene resulted in increased resistance to BPH.Mitochondrial outer membrane protein 64 protein is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane by subcellular localization and its deficiency constitutively activated hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)signaling,which stimulated antibiosis and tolerance to BPH.The om64 mutant also showed enhanced resist-ance to SSB,a chewing insect,which was due to promotion of Jasmonic acid biosynthesis and related responses.Im-portantly,om64 plants presented no significant changes in rice yield-related characters.This study confirmed OM64 as a negative regulator of rice herbivore resistance through regulating H2O2 production.Mitochondrial outer membrane protein 64 is a potentially efficient candidate to improve BPH and SSB resistance through gene deletion.Why the om64 mutant was resistant to both piercing-sucking and chewing insects via a gene deficiency in mitochondria is discussed.

关键词： sativa) fir resistance

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Cis-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Stimulates Rice Defense Response to a Piercing-Sucking Insect

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Molecular Plant 2014年第11期7卷 1683-1692页

作者： Hui-Min Guo Hai-Chao Li Shi-Rong Zhou Hong-Wei xue xue-xia miao Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

The brown planthopper （BPH, Nilaparvata lugens） is a destructive, monophagous, piercing-sucking insect pest of rice. Previous studies indicated that jasmonic acid （JA） positively regulates rice defense against chewing insect pests but negatively regulates it against the piercing-sucking insect of BPH. We here demonstrated that overexpression of allene oxide cyclase （AOC） but not OPR3 （cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid （OPDA） reductase 3, an enzyme adjacent to AOC in the JA synthetic pathway） significantly increased rice resistance to BPH, mainly by reducing the feeding activity and survival rate. Further anal- ysis revealed that plant response to BPH under AOC overexpression was independent of the JA pathway and that significantly higher OPDA levels stimulated rice resistance to BPH. Microarray analysis identified multiple candidate resistance-related genes underAOCoverexpression. OPDA treatment stimulated the resistance of radish seedlings to green peach aphid Myzus persicae, another piercing-sucking insect. These results imply that rice resistance to chewing insects and to sucking insects can be enhanced simultaneously through AOC-mediated increases of JA and OPDA and provide direct evidence of the potential application of OPDA in stimulating plant defense responses to piercing-sucking insect pests in agriculture.

关键词： brown planthopper allene oxide cyclase cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid OPDA reductase 3 jasmonic acid.

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Microbiome changes in esophageal cancer:implications for pathogenesis and prognosis

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 163-174页

作者： Yi Li Bing Wei xia xue Hongle Li Jun Li Department of Molecular Pathology Clinical Pathology CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou 450003China Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology Zhengzhou 450003China Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori&Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer Marshall Medical Research CenterThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis.Various factors,including dietary habits,and antacid and antibiotic use,have been shown to influence the esophageal microbiome.Conversely,enrichment and diversity of the esophageal microbiome can also impact its function.Recent studies have revealed prevalent changes in the esophageal microbiome among patients with EC,thus suggesting the potential contribution of the esophageal microbiome to EC development.Additionally,distinct microbiome compositions have been observed in patients with different responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy,indicating the role of the esophageal microbiome in modulating treatment outcomes.In this review,we have examined previous studies on the esophageal microbiome in healthy individuals and patients with EC or other esophageal diseases,with a focus on identifying microbial communities associated with EC pathogenesis and prognosis.Understanding the role of the microbiome in EC may aid in early detection and optimized treatment strategies,ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients.

关键词： Esophageal cancer microbiome dysbiosis microenvironment carcinogenesis

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Cold and humid climates enrich soil carbon stock in the Third Pole grasslands

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 9-10页

作者： Yanfen Wang Anquan xia Kai xue College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001China Binzhou Institute of Technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology ParkBinzhou 256606China

As a unique geographic unit,the Third Pole is globally recognized as the largest and highest mountainous region.Enormous amounts of soil organic carbon(SOC)are stored in this region,whose top layer is active in biochemical processes and highly sensitive to environmental changes.The warming intensity in the Third Pole has been predicted to be at least 0.3℃ higher than the global average by the end of the 21^(st) century.1 Therefore,it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms,especially the hydrothermal factors,controlling the top layer SOC in the Third Pole.This may help to predict the dynamics of soil carbon stock in future climate scenarios.

关键词： soil mountainous globally

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Stepping forward:T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2361-2377页

作者： xiaojing Qin Wenjing Ning Han Liu xue Liu Wenxin Luo Ningshao xia State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Xiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Innovation Platform for IndustryeEducation Integration in Vaccine Researchthe Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies are specifically designed to bind to tumor-associated antigens,thereby engaging with CD3 on the T cell receptor.This linkage between tumor cells and T cells actively triggers T cell activation and initiates targeted killing of the identified tumor cells.These antibodies have emerged as one of the most promising avenues within tumor immunotherapy.However,despite success in treating hematological malignancies,significant advancements in solid tumors have yet to be explored.In this review,we aim to address the critical challenges associated with T cellredirecting bispecific antibodies and explore novel strategies to overcome these obstacles,with the ultimate goal of expanding the application of this therapy to include solid tumors.

关键词： Bispecific antibody(BsAbs) T-cell redirecting BsAbs Tumor-associated antigens Toxicity Cytokine release syndrome Tumor microenvironment Cancer immunotherapy Combination therapy strategies

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MiRNA-145-5p inhibits gastric cancer progression via the serpin family E member 1-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 axis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 2123-2140页

作者： Hong-xia Bai xue-Mei Qiu Chun-Hong Xu Jian-Qiang Guo Department of Gastroenterology The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250000Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Reproductive Center Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalZaozhuang 277000Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology.However,there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer(GC).AIM To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA-145-5p(miR145-5p)in the progression of GC.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect miRNA expression in human GC tissues and cells.The ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays,respectively.Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays,and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry.Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated protein was determined by Western blot.Targets of miR-145-5p were predicated using bioinformatics analysis and verified using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)expression in GC tissues and cells was evaluated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining.The correlation between SERPINE1 expression and overall patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier plot analysis.The association between SERPINE1 and GC progression was also tested.A rescue experiment of SERPINE1 overexpression was conducted to verify the relationship between this protein and miR-145-5p.The mechanism by which miR-145-5p influences GC progression was further explored by assessing tumor formation in nude mice.RESULTS GC tissues and cells had reduced miR-145-5p expression and SERPINE1 was identified as a direct target of this miRNA.Overexpression of miR-145-5p was associated with decreased GC cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT,and these effects were reversed by forcing SERPINE1 expression.Kaplan-Meier plot analysis revealed that patients with higher SERPINE1 expression had a shorter survival rate than those with lower SERPINE1 expression.Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p targets SERPINE1 to regulate extracellular signal-regu

关键词： Gastric cancer MicroRNA-145-5p Serpin family E member 1 Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Proliferation Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2

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Photocatalytic vinyl radical-mediated multicomponent 1,4-/1,8-carboimination across alkynes and olefins/(hetero)arenes

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 558-567页

作者： Shan-Shan Li Yu-Shi Jiang xue-Ling Luo Xuming Ran Yuqiang Li Dong Wu Cheng-xue Pan Peng-Ju xia School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin541004China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai200433China The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan430064China

We developed a highly selective and efficient multicomponent transformation by utilizing alkynes and olefins/(hetero)arenes through photoinduced energy-transfer catalysis.The reaction involves the formation of three distinct chemical bonds,namely C(sp~3)–C(sp~2),C(sp~2)–C(sp~3),and C(sp~3)–N,in a single coordinated manner.The strategy used a vinyl radical-mediated radical relay approach under mild conditions,exhibiting a broad substrate scope(>70 examples),excellent functional-group tolerance,and remarkable regio-and anti-stereoselectivity.Through the utilization of a combination of experimental techniques and density functional theory(DFT),we delved deeper into the mechanistic intricacies of this distinctive system.Results revealed that the selective radical addition to electron-deficient alkynes,rather than olefins,was governed by the inherent reactivity of alkyl radicals.This discovery presented a highly effective approach for the synthesis of stereodefined multisubstituted alkenes.

关键词： alkyne-olefin coupling DFT studies regio-and anti-stereoselectivity multisubstituted alkenes

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Improvement of maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic arrays in different environments using hybrid algorithms

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第1期20卷 28-34页

作者： ZHANG Jiuchao REN Guangjun xue Yuming xia Dan WANG Jiangchao HU Zhaoshuo Institute of New Energy Intelligence Equipment School of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

When the photovoltaic(PV)system is generating PV power,the partial shading(PS)condition will cause multiple peaks in the power-voltage curve,and changes in light intensity and ambient temperature will cause the curve to shift.Traditional maximum power point tracking(MPPT)methods,such as the incremental conductance(INC)method,have the problem of being trapped in the local optimal solution.Biomimetic optimization algorithms,such as particle swarm optimization(PSO),have problems with oscillation and low tracking efficiency near the global maximum power point(GMPP).As a result,a hybrid algorithm CS-INC based on the cuckoo search(CS)algorithm and the perturb and observe(P&O)approach is proposed in this study.The light intensity remains constant,the light intensity changes in steps,and the partial shade scenario are simulated.Simulation results show that the MPPT improves accuracy,speed,and stability.

关键词： power maximum optimization

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